Hubble sequence (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hubble sequence" in English language version.

Last modified: 03:01:18, 26 July 2026 (UTC)

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2221adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

1616doi.org

2^nd place

88arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

44semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

43worldcat.org

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22books.google.com

3^rd place

11loc.gov

63^rd place

47^th place

11caltech.edu

240^th place

473^rd place

11nih.gov

5^th place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

11eurekalert.org

3,950^th place

3,383^rd place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hubble, E.P. (1926). "Extra-galactic nebulae". Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory / Carnegie Institution of Washington. 324: 1–49. Bibcode:1926CMWCI.324....1H.
Hubble, E.P. (1926). "Extra-galactic nebulae". Astrophysical Journal. 64: 321–369. Bibcode:1926ApJ....64..321H. doi:10.1086/143018.
Hubble, E.P. (1927). "The Classification of Spiral Nebulae". The Observatory. 50: 276. Bibcode:1927Obs....50..276H.
Block, David L.; Freeman, Ken C. (2015) [14 November 2014]. Freeman, Kenneth; Elmegreen, Bruce; Block, David; Woolway, Matthew (eds.). Lessons from the Local Group. 2014 International conference honoring David Block and Bruce Elmegreen, focusing on the Local Group as an example of galactic-scale processes (softcover ed.). Switzerland: Springer Cham / Springer International Publishing (published 10 September 2016). pp. 1–20. Bibcode:2015llg..book....1B. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10614-4_1. ISBN 978-3-319-37812-1.
Liller, Martha (1966). "The distribution of intensity in elliptical galaxies of the Virgo cluster. II". Astrophysical Journal. 146: 28. Bibcode:1966ApJ...146...28L. doi:10.1086/148857.
Gorbachev, V.I. (1970). "The central part of the Coma cluster of galaxies". Soviet Astronomy. 14: 182. Bibcode:1970SvA....14..182G.
Graham, Alister W.; Colless, Matthew M.; Busarello, Giovanni; Zaggia, Simone; Longo, Giuseppe (1998). "Extended stellar kinematics of elliptical galaxies in the Fornax cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 133 (3): 325–336. arXiv:astro-ph/9806331. Bibcode:1998A&AS..133..325G. doi:10.1051/aas:1998325. S2CID 15164368.
Emsellem, Eric; et al. (2011). "The ATLAS^3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of fast and slow rotators". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (2): 888–912. arXiv:1102.4444. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..888E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18496.x. S2CID 2707378.
Krajnović, Davor; et al. (2013). "The ATLAS^3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (3): 1768–1795. arXiv:1210.8167. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432.1768K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts315.
Graham, A.; Worley, C. (August 2008). "Inclination- and dust-corrected galaxy parameters: bulge-to-disc ratios and size-luminosity relations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 388 (4): 1708–1728. arXiv:0805.3565. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.388.1708G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13506.x. S2CID 14406950.
de Vaucouleurs, G.; Oemler, Augustus Jr.; Butcher, Harvey R.; Gunn, James E. (26 March 2012) [1959]. "Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies". Astrophysik IV: Sternsysteme / Astrophysics IV: Stellar Systems. Handbuch der Physik. Vol. 53. pp. 275–310. Bibcode:1959HDP....53..275D. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45932-0_7. ISBN 978-3-642-45934-4.
Hodge, Paul (1983). "The Hubble type of the Milky Way galaxy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 95: 721–723. Bibcode:1983PASP...95..721H. doi:10.1086/131243. S2CID 121754114.
de Vaucouleurs, G.; Oemler, Augustus Jr.; Butcher, Harvey R.; Gunn, James E. (1955). "Studies of Magellanic Clouds. I. Dimensions and structure of the Large Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 160: 126–140. Bibcode:1955AJ.....60..126D. doi:10.1086/107173.
Baldry, I.K. (2008). "Hubble's Galaxy Nomenclature". Astronomy & Geophysics. 49 (5): 5.25 – 5.26. arXiv:0809.0125. Bibcode:2008A&G....49e..25B. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2008.49525.x.
Graham, Alister W.; Dullo, Bililign T.; Savorgnan, Giulia A. D. (2015). "Hiding in Plain Sight: An Abundance of Compact Massive Spheroids in the Local Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1): 32. arXiv:1502.07024. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...32G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/32.
Dressler, A.; Oemler, Jr., A.; Butcher, H.R.; Gunn, J.E. (July 1994). "The morphology of distant cluster galaxies. 1: HST observations of CL 0939+4713". The Astrophysical Journal. 430 (1): 107–120. Bibcode:1994ApJ...430..107D. doi:10.1086/174386.
Lahav, O.; Naim, A.; Buta, R. J.; Corwin, H. G.; de Vaucouleurs, G.; Dressler, A.; Huchra, J. P.; van den Bergh, S.; Raychaudhury, S.; Sodré, L.; Storrie-Lombardi, M. C. (1995-02-10). "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks". Science. 267 (5199): 859–862. arXiv:astro-ph/9412027. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L. doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17813914.
Vorontsov-Vel'Yaminov, B. A.; Arkhipova, V. P. (1962). "Morphological catalogue of galaxies. Part 1". Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies. C01. Bibcode:1962MCG...C01....0V.
Vorontsov-Vel'Yaminov, B. A.; Noskova, R. I. (1973). "Photometric Parameters of Flat Galaxies". Soviet Astronomy. 16: 824. Bibcode:1973SvA....16..824V.
Roberts, M.S.; Haynes, M.P. (1994). "Physical Parameters along the Hubble Sequence". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 32 (1): 115–152. Bibcode:1994ARA&A..32..115R. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.32.090194.000555.
Masters, Karen L.; et al. (30 April 2019). "Galaxy Zoo: Unwinding the winding problem – observations of spiral bulge prominence and arm pitch angles suggest local spiral galaxies are winding". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 487 (2): 1808–1820. arXiv:1904.11436. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.487.1808M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1153.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Graham, Alister W.; Colless, Matthew M.; Busarello, Giovanni; Zaggia, Simone; Longo, Giuseppe (1998). "Extended stellar kinematics of elliptical galaxies in the Fornax cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 133 (3): 325–336. arXiv:astro-ph/9806331. Bibcode:1998A&AS..133..325G. doi:10.1051/aas:1998325. S2CID 15164368.
Emsellem, Eric; et al. (2011). "The ATLAS^3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of fast and slow rotators". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (2): 888–912. arXiv:1102.4444. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..888E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18496.x. S2CID 2707378.
Krajnović, Davor; et al. (2013). "The ATLAS^3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (3): 1768–1795. arXiv:1210.8167. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432.1768K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts315.
Graham, A.; Worley, C. (August 2008). "Inclination- and dust-corrected galaxy parameters: bulge-to-disc ratios and size-luminosity relations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 388 (4): 1708–1728. arXiv:0805.3565. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.388.1708G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13506.x. S2CID 14406950.
Baldry, I.K. (2008). "Hubble's Galaxy Nomenclature". Astronomy & Geophysics. 49 (5): 5.25 – 5.26. arXiv:0809.0125. Bibcode:2008A&G....49e..25B. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2008.49525.x.
Graham, Alister W.; Dullo, Bililign T.; Savorgnan, Giulia A. D. (2015). "Hiding in Plain Sight: An Abundance of Compact Massive Spheroids in the Local Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1): 32. arXiv:1502.07024. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...32G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/32.
Lahav, O.; Naim, A.; Buta, R. J.; Corwin, H. G.; de Vaucouleurs, G.; Dressler, A.; Huchra, J. P.; van den Bergh, S.; Raychaudhury, S.; Sodré, L.; Storrie-Lombardi, M. C. (1995-02-10). "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks". Science. 267 (5199): 859–862. arXiv:astro-ph/9412027. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L. doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17813914.
Masters, Karen L.; et al. (30 April 2019). "Galaxy Zoo: Unwinding the winding problem – observations of spiral bulge prominence and arm pitch angles suggest local spiral galaxies are winding". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 487 (2): 1808–1820. arXiv:1904.11436. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.487.1808M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1153.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Hubble, E.P. (1982) [1936]. The realm of the nebulae. Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman memorial lectures. Vol. 25. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300025002. LCCN 36018182. OCLC 611263346 – via Google Books.
Christensen, Lars Lindberg; de Martin, Davide; Shida, Raquel Yumi (7 April 2010). Cosmic Collisions: The Hubble atlas of merging galaxies. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-387-93855-4.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu

Sandage, A. (1975). "Classification and stellar content of galaxies obtained from direct photography". In Sandage, A.; Sandage, M.; Kristian, J. (eds.). Galaxies and the Universe. Retrieved 2007-11-20.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hubble, E.P. (1926). "Extra-galactic nebulae". Astrophysical Journal. 64: 321–369. Bibcode:1926ApJ....64..321H. doi:10.1086/143018.
Block, David L.; Freeman, Ken C. (2015) [14 November 2014]. Freeman, Kenneth; Elmegreen, Bruce; Block, David; Woolway, Matthew (eds.). Lessons from the Local Group. 2014 International conference honoring David Block and Bruce Elmegreen, focusing on the Local Group as an example of galactic-scale processes (softcover ed.). Switzerland: Springer Cham / Springer International Publishing (published 10 September 2016). pp. 1–20. Bibcode:2015llg..book....1B. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10614-4_1. ISBN 978-3-319-37812-1.
Liller, Martha (1966). "The distribution of intensity in elliptical galaxies of the Virgo cluster. II". Astrophysical Journal. 146: 28. Bibcode:1966ApJ...146...28L. doi:10.1086/148857.
Graham, Alister W.; Colless, Matthew M.; Busarello, Giovanni; Zaggia, Simone; Longo, Giuseppe (1998). "Extended stellar kinematics of elliptical galaxies in the Fornax cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 133 (3): 325–336. arXiv:astro-ph/9806331. Bibcode:1998A&AS..133..325G. doi:10.1051/aas:1998325. S2CID 15164368.
Emsellem, Eric; et al. (2011). "The ATLAS^3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of fast and slow rotators". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (2): 888–912. arXiv:1102.4444. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..888E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18496.x. S2CID 2707378.
Krajnović, Davor; et al. (2013). "The ATLAS^3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (3): 1768–1795. arXiv:1210.8167. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432.1768K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts315.
Graham, A.; Worley, C. (August 2008). "Inclination- and dust-corrected galaxy parameters: bulge-to-disc ratios and size-luminosity relations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 388 (4): 1708–1728. arXiv:0805.3565. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.388.1708G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13506.x. S2CID 14406950.
de Vaucouleurs, G.; Oemler, Augustus Jr.; Butcher, Harvey R.; Gunn, James E. (26 March 2012) [1959]. "Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies". Astrophysik IV: Sternsysteme / Astrophysics IV: Stellar Systems. Handbuch der Physik. Vol. 53. pp. 275–310. Bibcode:1959HDP....53..275D. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45932-0_7. ISBN 978-3-642-45934-4.
Hodge, Paul (1983). "The Hubble type of the Milky Way galaxy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 95: 721–723. Bibcode:1983PASP...95..721H. doi:10.1086/131243. S2CID 121754114.
de Vaucouleurs, G.; Oemler, Augustus Jr.; Butcher, Harvey R.; Gunn, James E. (1955). "Studies of Magellanic Clouds. I. Dimensions and structure of the Large Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 160: 126–140. Bibcode:1955AJ.....60..126D. doi:10.1086/107173.
Baldry, I.K. (2008). "Hubble's Galaxy Nomenclature". Astronomy & Geophysics. 49 (5): 5.25 – 5.26. arXiv:0809.0125. Bibcode:2008A&G....49e..25B. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2008.49525.x.
Graham, Alister W.; Dullo, Bililign T.; Savorgnan, Giulia A. D. (2015). "Hiding in Plain Sight: An Abundance of Compact Massive Spheroids in the Local Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1): 32. arXiv:1502.07024. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...32G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/32.
Dressler, A.; Oemler, Jr., A.; Butcher, H.R.; Gunn, J.E. (July 1994). "The morphology of distant cluster galaxies. 1: HST observations of CL 0939+4713". The Astrophysical Journal. 430 (1): 107–120. Bibcode:1994ApJ...430..107D. doi:10.1086/174386.
Lahav, O.; Naim, A.; Buta, R. J.; Corwin, H. G.; de Vaucouleurs, G.; Dressler, A.; Huchra, J. P.; van den Bergh, S.; Raychaudhury, S.; Sodré, L.; Storrie-Lombardi, M. C. (1995-02-10). "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks". Science. 267 (5199): 859–862. arXiv:astro-ph/9412027. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L. doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17813914.
Roberts, M.S.; Haynes, M.P. (1994). "Physical Parameters along the Hubble Sequence". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 32 (1): 115–152. Bibcode:1994ARA&A..32..115R. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.32.090194.000555.
Masters, Karen L.; et al. (30 April 2019). "Galaxy Zoo: Unwinding the winding problem – observations of spiral bulge prominence and arm pitch angles suggest local spiral galaxies are winding". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 487 (2): 1808–1820. arXiv:1904.11436. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.487.1808M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1153.

eurekalert.org (Global: 3,950^th place; English: 3,383^rd place)

"Citizen scientists re-tune Hubble's galaxy classification". EurekAlert! (Press release). Royal Astronomical Society. 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

lccn.loc.gov

Hubble, E.P. (1982) [1936]. The realm of the nebulae. Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman memorial lectures. Vol. 25. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300025002. LCCN 36018182. OCLC 611263346 – via Google Books.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lahav, O.; Naim, A.; Buta, R. J.; Corwin, H. G.; de Vaucouleurs, G.; Dressler, A.; Huchra, J. P.; van den Bergh, S.; Raychaudhury, S.; Sodré, L.; Storrie-Lombardi, M. C. (1995-02-10). "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks". Science. 267 (5199): 859–862. arXiv:astro-ph/9412027. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L. doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17813914.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Graham, Alister W.; Colless, Matthew M.; Busarello, Giovanni; Zaggia, Simone; Longo, Giuseppe (1998). "Extended stellar kinematics of elliptical galaxies in the Fornax cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 133 (3): 325–336. arXiv:astro-ph/9806331. Bibcode:1998A&AS..133..325G. doi:10.1051/aas:1998325. S2CID 15164368.
Emsellem, Eric; et al. (2011). "The ATLAS^3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of fast and slow rotators". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (2): 888–912. arXiv:1102.4444. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..888E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18496.x. S2CID 2707378.
Graham, A.; Worley, C. (August 2008). "Inclination- and dust-corrected galaxy parameters: bulge-to-disc ratios and size-luminosity relations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 388 (4): 1708–1728. arXiv:0805.3565. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.388.1708G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13506.x. S2CID 14406950.
Hodge, Paul (1983). "The Hubble type of the Milky Way galaxy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 95: 721–723. Bibcode:1983PASP...95..721H. doi:10.1086/131243. S2CID 121754114.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Citizen scientists re-tune Hubble's galaxy classification". EurekAlert! (Press release). Royal Astronomical Society. 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Hubble, E.P. (1982) [1936]. The realm of the nebulae. Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman memorial lectures. Vol. 25. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300025002. LCCN 36018182. OCLC 611263346 – via Google Books.
Lahav, O.; Naim, A.; Buta, R. J.; Corwin, H. G.; de Vaucouleurs, G.; Dressler, A.; Huchra, J. P.; van den Bergh, S.; Raychaudhury, S.; Sodré, L.; Storrie-Lombardi, M. C. (1995-02-10). "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks". Science. 267 (5199): 859–862. arXiv:astro-ph/9412027. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L. doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17813914.
Sandage, Allan (1961). The Hubble Atlas of Galaxies. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. OCLC 537465.

Hubble sequence (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

caltech.edu (Global: 240th place; English: 473rd place)

nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eurekalert.org (Global: 3,950th place; English: 3,383rd place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)