Human evolutionary genetics (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Human evolutionary genetics" in English language version.

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56nih.gov

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36doi.org

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19harvard.edu

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9web.archive.org

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8semanticscholar.org

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3worldcat.org

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3nytimes.com

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3archive.today

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1genetics.org

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1johnhawks.net

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1discovermagazine.com

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archive.today

Zimmer, Carl (17 May 2023). "Study Offers New Twist in How the First Humans Evolved - A new genetic analysis of 290 people suggests that humans emerged at various times and places in Africa". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
Zimmer, Carl (31 August 2023). "Humanity's Ancestors Nearly Died Out, Genetic Study Suggests - The population crashed following climate change about 930,000 years ago, scientists concluded. Other experts aren't convinced by the analysis". the New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
Hu, Wangjie; et al. (31 August 2023). "Genomic inference of a severe human bottleneck during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition". Science. 381 (6661): 979–984. Bibcode:2023Sci...381..979H. doi:10.1126/science.abq7487. PMID 37651513. S2CID 261396309. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

BBC World News "Africa's genetic secrets unlocked" Archived 2009-07-01 at the Wayback Machine, 1 May 2009.

discovermagazine.com

Burrell, Teal (29 December 2019). "Scientists Put a Human Intelligence Gene Into a Monkey. Other Scientists are Concerned". Discover. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.

doi.org

Murphy, W.J.; Eizirik, E.; O'Brien, S.J.; Madsen, O.; Scally, M.; Douady, C.J.; Teeling, E.; Ryder, O.A.; Stanhope, M.J.; de Jong, W.W.; Springer, M.S. (2001). "Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics". Science. 294 (5550): 2348–2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. doi:10.1126/science.1067179. PMID 11743200. S2CID 34367609.
Kriegs, J.O.; Churakov, G.; Kiefmann, M.; Jordan, U.; Brosius, J.; Schmitz, J. (2006). "Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals". PLOS Biol. 4 (4): e91. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091. PMC 1395351. PMID 16515367.
Schwartz M, Vissing J (2002). "Paternal Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA". N Engl J Med. 347 (8): 576–580. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020350. PMID 12192017.
As of 2015, the typical difference between the genomes of two individuals was estimated at 20 million base pairs (or 0.6% of the total of 3.2 billion base pairs): "a typical [individual] genome differs from the reference human genome at 4.1 million to 5.0 million sites [...] affecting 20 million bases of sequence" Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, et al. (October 2015). "A global reference for human genetic variation". Nature. 526 (7571): 68–74. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...68T. doi:10.1038/nature15393. PMC 4750478. PMID 26432245.
"134 to 188 ka": Fu Q, Mittnik A, Johnson PL, Bos K, Lari M, Bollongino R, Sun C, Giemsch L, Schmitz R, Burger J, Ronchitelli AM, Martini F, Cremonesi RG, Svoboda J, Bauer P, Caramelli D, Castellano S, Reich D, Pääbo S, Krause J (March 21, 2013). "A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes". Current Biology. 23 (7): 553–59. Bibcode:2013CBio...23..553F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.044. PMC 5036973. PMID 23523248..
Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S, Lander ES, Reich D (2006). "Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees". Nature. 441 (7097): 1103–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441.1103P. doi:10.1038/nature04789. PMID 16710306. S2CID 2325560.
Chen, F.C.; Li, W.H. (2001). "Genomic divergences between humans and other hominoids and the effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees". Am J Hum Genet. 68 (2): 444–456. doi:10.1086/318206. PMC 1235277. PMID 11170892.
Sarich, V.M.; Wilson, A.C. (1967). "Immunological time scale for hominid evolution". Science. 158 (3805): 1200–1203. Bibcode:1967Sci...158.1200S. doi:10.1126/science.158.3805.1200. PMID 4964406. S2CID 7349579.
Venn, Oliver; Turner, Isaac; Mathieson, Iain; de Groot, Natasja; Bontrop, Ronald; McVean, Gil (June 2014). "Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees". Science. 344 (6189): 1272–1275. Bibcode:2014Sci...344.1272V. doi:10.1126/science.344.6189.1272. PMC 4746749. PMID 24926018.
Yoder, A.D.; Yang, Z. (1 July 2000). "Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular clocks". Mol Biol Evol. 17 (7): 1081–1090. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026389. PMID 10889221.
Takahata, N.; Satta, Y.; Klein, J. (1995). "Divergence time and population size in the lineage leading to modern humans". Theor Popul Biol. 48 (2): 198–221. Bibcode:1995TPBio..48..198T. doi:10.1006/tpbi.1995.1026. PMID 7482371.
Yang, Z. (1 December 2002). "Likelihood and Bayes estimation of ancestral population sizes in hominoids using data from multiple loci" (abstract page). Genetics. 162 (4): 1811–1823. doi:10.1093/genetics/162.4.1811. PMC 1462394. PMID 12524351. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2006.
Wildman, Derek E.; Uddin, Monica; Liu, Guozhen; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris (2003-06-10). "Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (12): 7181–7188. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7181W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1232172100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 165850. PMID 12766228.
Chimpanzee Sequencing; Analysis Consortium (2005). "Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome". Nature. 437 (7055): 69–87. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...69.. doi:10.1038/nature04072. PMID 16136131.
Olson, M.V. (1999). "When less is more: gene loss as an engine of evolutionary change". Am J Hum Genet. 64 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1086/302219. PMC 1377697. PMID 9915938.
Wang, X.; Grus, W.E.; Zhang, J. (2006). "Gene losses during human origins". PLOS Biol. 4 (3): e52. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040052. PMC 1361800. PMID 16464126.
Demuth, Jeffery P.; Bie, Tijl De; Stajich, Jason E.; Cristianini, Nello; Hahn, Matthew W. (December 2006). Borevitz, Justin (ed.). "The Evolution of Mammalian Gene Families". PLOS ONE. 1 (1): e85. Bibcode:2006PLoSO...1...85D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000085. PMC 1762380. PMID 17183716.
Winter, H.; Langbein, L.; Krawczak, M.; Cooper, D.N.; Suarez, L.F.J.; Rogers, M.A.; Praetzel, S.; Heidt, P.J.; Schweizer, J. (2001). "Human type I hair keratin pseudogene phihHaA has functional orthologs in the chimpanzee and gorilla: evidence for recent inactivation of the human gene after the Pan-Homo divergence". Hum Genet. 108 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1007/s004390000439. PMID 11214905. S2CID 21545865.
Stedman, H.H.; Kozyak, B.W.; Nelson, A.; Thesier, D.M.; Su, L.T.; Low, D.W.; Bridges, C.R.; Shrager, J.B.; Purvis, N.M.; Mitchell, M.A. (2004). "Myosin gene mutation correlates with anatomical changes in the human lineage". Nature. 428 (6981): 415–418. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..415S. doi:10.1038/nature02358. PMID 15042088. S2CID 4304466.
Perry, G.H.; Verrelli, B.C.; Stone, A.C. (2005). "Comparative analyses reveal a complex history of molecular evolution for human MYH16". Mol Biol Evol. 22 (3): 379–382. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi004. PMID 15470226.
Hellen, Elizabeth H. B.; Kern, Andrew D. (2015-04-01). "The Role of DNA Insertions in Phenotypic Differentiation between Humans and Other Primates". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (4): 1168–1178. doi:10.1093/gbe/evv012. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 4419785. PMID 25635043.
Bird, Christine P.; Liu, Maureen; et al. (2007). "Fast-evolving noncoding sequences in the human genome". Genome Biology. 8 (6): R118. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r118. PMC 2394770. PMID 17578567.
Cheng, Z.; Ventura, M.; She, X.; Khaitovich, P.; Graves, T.; Osoegawa, K.; Church, D; Pieter DeJong, P.; Wilson, R. K.; Paabo, S.; Rocchi, M; Eichler, E. E. (2005). "A genome-wide comparison of recent chimpanzee and human segmental duplications". Nature. 437 (1 September 2005): 88–93. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...88C. doi:10.1038/nature04000. PMID 16136132. S2CID 4420359.
Kaessmann, H.; Heissig, F.; von Haeseler, A.; Pääbo, S. (1999). "DNA sequence variation in a non-coding region of low recombination on the human X chromosome". Nat Genet. 22 (1): 78–81. doi:10.1038/8785. PMID 10319866. S2CID 9153915.
Saey, Tina Hesman (2009). "Story one: Team decodes neandertal DNA: Genome draft may reveal secrets of human evolution". Science News. 175 (6): 5–7. doi:10.1002/scin.2009.5591750604.
Green, Richard E.; Krause; Briggs; Maricic; Stenzel; Kircher; Patterson; Li; Zhai; Fritz; Hansen; Durand; Malaspinas; Jensen; Marques-Bonet; Alkan; Prüfer; Meyer; Burbano; Good; Schultz; Aximu-Petri; Butthof; Höber; Höffner; Siegemund; Weihmann; Nusbaum; Lander; et al. (2010-05-07). "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–722. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178.
Tishkoff, SA.; Reed, FA.; Friedlaender, FR.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, JB.; Awomoyi, AA.; et al. (May 2009). "The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans". Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144.
Peng, Y.; et al. (2010). "The ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism in East Asian populations and expansion of rice domestication in history". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 15. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10...15P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-15. PMC 2823730. PMID 20089146.
Traits affected by the mutation are sweat glands, teeth, hair thickness and breast tissue. Kamberov; et al. (2013). "Modeling Recent Human Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR Variant". Cell. 152 (4): 691–702. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.016. PMC 3575602. PMID 23415220. East Asian Physical Traits Linked to 35,000-Year-Old Mutation Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, NYT, 14 February 2013.
Jorde, LB; Wooding, SP (2004). "Genetic variation, classification and 'race'". Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S28–33. doi:10.1038/ng1435. PMID 15508000.
Tishkoff, SA; Kidd, KK (2004). "Implications of biogeography of human populations for 'race' and medicine". Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S21–7. doi:10.1038/ng1438. PMID 15507999.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2015-10-01). "A global reference for human genetic variation". Nature. 526 (7571): 68–74. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...68T. doi:10.1038/nature15393. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4750478. PMID 26432245.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Mondal, Mayukh; Bertranpedt, Jaume; Leo, Oscar (16 January 2019). "Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning supports a third archaic introgression in Asia and Oceania". Nature Communications. 10 (246): 246. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..246M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08089-7. PMC 6335398. PMID 30651539.
Shi, Lei; et al. (27 March 2019). "Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the human MCPH1 gene copies show human-like neoteny of brain development". Chinese National Science Review. 6 (3): 480–493. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz043. PMC 8291473. PMID 34691896. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
Ragsdale,vAaron P.; et al. (17 May 2023). "A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa". Nature. 167 (7962): 755–763. Bibcode:2023Natur.617..755R. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06055-y. PMC 10208968. PMID 37198480.
Hu, Wangjie; et al. (31 August 2023). "Genomic inference of a severe human bottleneck during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition". Science. 381 (6661): 979–984. Bibcode:2023Sci...381..979H. doi:10.1126/science.abq7487. PMID 37651513. S2CID 261396309. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

genetics.org

Yang, Z. (1 December 2002). "Likelihood and Bayes estimation of ancestral population sizes in hominoids using data from multiple loci" (abstract page). Genetics. 162 (4): 1811–1823. doi:10.1093/genetics/162.4.1811. PMC 1462394. PMID 12524351. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2006.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Murphy, W.J.; Eizirik, E.; O'Brien, S.J.; Madsen, O.; Scally, M.; Douady, C.J.; Teeling, E.; Ryder, O.A.; Stanhope, M.J.; de Jong, W.W.; Springer, M.S. (2001). "Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics". Science. 294 (5550): 2348–2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. doi:10.1126/science.1067179. PMID 11743200. S2CID 34367609.
As of 2015, the typical difference between the genomes of two individuals was estimated at 20 million base pairs (or 0.6% of the total of 3.2 billion base pairs): "a typical [individual] genome differs from the reference human genome at 4.1 million to 5.0 million sites [...] affecting 20 million bases of sequence" Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, et al. (October 2015). "A global reference for human genetic variation". Nature. 526 (7571): 68–74. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...68T. doi:10.1038/nature15393. PMC 4750478. PMID 26432245.
"134 to 188 ka": Fu Q, Mittnik A, Johnson PL, Bos K, Lari M, Bollongino R, Sun C, Giemsch L, Schmitz R, Burger J, Ronchitelli AM, Martini F, Cremonesi RG, Svoboda J, Bauer P, Caramelli D, Castellano S, Reich D, Pääbo S, Krause J (March 21, 2013). "A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes". Current Biology. 23 (7): 553–59. Bibcode:2013CBio...23..553F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.044. PMC 5036973. PMID 23523248..
Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S, Lander ES, Reich D (2006). "Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees". Nature. 441 (7097): 1103–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441.1103P. doi:10.1038/nature04789. PMID 16710306. S2CID 2325560.
Sarich, V.M.; Wilson, A.C. (1967). "Immunological time scale for hominid evolution". Science. 158 (3805): 1200–1203. Bibcode:1967Sci...158.1200S. doi:10.1126/science.158.3805.1200. PMID 4964406. S2CID 7349579.
Venn, Oliver; Turner, Isaac; Mathieson, Iain; de Groot, Natasja; Bontrop, Ronald; McVean, Gil (June 2014). "Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees". Science. 344 (6189): 1272–1275. Bibcode:2014Sci...344.1272V. doi:10.1126/science.344.6189.1272. PMC 4746749. PMID 24926018.
Takahata, N.; Satta, Y.; Klein, J. (1995). "Divergence time and population size in the lineage leading to modern humans". Theor Popul Biol. 48 (2): 198–221. Bibcode:1995TPBio..48..198T. doi:10.1006/tpbi.1995.1026. PMID 7482371.
Wildman, Derek E.; Uddin, Monica; Liu, Guozhen; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris (2003-06-10). "Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (12): 7181–7188. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7181W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1232172100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 165850. PMID 12766228.
Chimpanzee Sequencing; Analysis Consortium (2005). "Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome". Nature. 437 (7055): 69–87. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...69.. doi:10.1038/nature04072. PMID 16136131.
Demuth, Jeffery P.; Bie, Tijl De; Stajich, Jason E.; Cristianini, Nello; Hahn, Matthew W. (December 2006). Borevitz, Justin (ed.). "The Evolution of Mammalian Gene Families". PLOS ONE. 1 (1): e85. Bibcode:2006PLoSO...1...85D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000085. PMC 1762380. PMID 17183716.
Stedman, H.H.; Kozyak, B.W.; Nelson, A.; Thesier, D.M.; Su, L.T.; Low, D.W.; Bridges, C.R.; Shrager, J.B.; Purvis, N.M.; Mitchell, M.A. (2004). "Myosin gene mutation correlates with anatomical changes in the human lineage". Nature. 428 (6981): 415–418. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..415S. doi:10.1038/nature02358. PMID 15042088. S2CID 4304466.
Cheng, Z.; Ventura, M.; She, X.; Khaitovich, P.; Graves, T.; Osoegawa, K.; Church, D; Pieter DeJong, P.; Wilson, R. K.; Paabo, S.; Rocchi, M; Eichler, E. E. (2005). "A genome-wide comparison of recent chimpanzee and human segmental duplications". Nature. 437 (1 September 2005): 88–93. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...88C. doi:10.1038/nature04000. PMID 16136132. S2CID 4420359.
Green, Richard E.; Krause; Briggs; Maricic; Stenzel; Kircher; Patterson; Li; Zhai; Fritz; Hansen; Durand; Malaspinas; Jensen; Marques-Bonet; Alkan; Prüfer; Meyer; Burbano; Good; Schultz; Aximu-Petri; Butthof; Höber; Höffner; Siegemund; Weihmann; Nusbaum; Lander; et al. (2010-05-07). "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–722. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178.
Tishkoff, SA.; Reed, FA.; Friedlaender, FR.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, JB.; Awomoyi, AA.; et al. (May 2009). "The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans". Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144.
Peng, Y.; et al. (2010). "The ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism in East Asian populations and expansion of rice domestication in history". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 15. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10...15P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-15. PMC 2823730. PMID 20089146.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2015-10-01). "A global reference for human genetic variation". Nature. 526 (7571): 68–74. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...68T. doi:10.1038/nature15393. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4750478. PMID 26432245.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Mondal, Mayukh; Bertranpedt, Jaume; Leo, Oscar (16 January 2019). "Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning supports a third archaic introgression in Asia and Oceania". Nature Communications. 10 (246): 246. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..246M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08089-7. PMC 6335398. PMID 30651539.
Ragsdale,vAaron P.; et al. (17 May 2023). "A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa". Nature. 167 (7962): 755–763. Bibcode:2023Natur.617..755R. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06055-y. PMC 10208968. PMID 37198480.
Hu, Wangjie; et al. (31 August 2023). "Genomic inference of a severe human bottleneck during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition". Science. 381 (6661): 979–984. Bibcode:2023Sci...381..979H. doi:10.1126/science.abq7487. PMID 37651513. S2CID 261396309. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

johnhawks.net

"NEANDERTALS LIVE!". john hawks weblog. 6 May 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2010-12-31.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Murphy, W.J.; Eizirik, E.; O'Brien, S.J.; Madsen, O.; Scally, M.; Douady, C.J.; Teeling, E.; Ryder, O.A.; Stanhope, M.J.; de Jong, W.W.; Springer, M.S. (2001). "Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics". Science. 294 (5550): 2348–2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. doi:10.1126/science.1067179. PMID 11743200. S2CID 34367609.
Kriegs, J.O.; Churakov, G.; Kiefmann, M.; Jordan, U.; Brosius, J.; Schmitz, J. (2006). "Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals". PLOS Biol. 4 (4): e91. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091. PMC 1395351. PMID 16515367.
Schwartz M, Vissing J (2002). "Paternal Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA". N Engl J Med. 347 (8): 576–580. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020350. PMID 12192017.
As of 2015, the typical difference between the genomes of two individuals was estimated at 20 million base pairs (or 0.6% of the total of 3.2 billion base pairs): "a typical [individual] genome differs from the reference human genome at 4.1 million to 5.0 million sites [...] affecting 20 million bases of sequence" Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, et al. (October 2015). "A global reference for human genetic variation". Nature. 526 (7571): 68–74. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...68T. doi:10.1038/nature15393. PMC 4750478. PMID 26432245.
"134 to 188 ka": Fu Q, Mittnik A, Johnson PL, Bos K, Lari M, Bollongino R, Sun C, Giemsch L, Schmitz R, Burger J, Ronchitelli AM, Martini F, Cremonesi RG, Svoboda J, Bauer P, Caramelli D, Castellano S, Reich D, Pääbo S, Krause J (March 21, 2013). "A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes". Current Biology. 23 (7): 553–59. Bibcode:2013CBio...23..553F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.044. PMC 5036973. PMID 23523248..
Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S, Lander ES, Reich D (2006). "Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees". Nature. 441 (7097): 1103–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441.1103P. doi:10.1038/nature04789. PMID 16710306. S2CID 2325560.
Chen, F.C.; Li, W.H. (2001). "Genomic divergences between humans and other hominoids and the effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees". Am J Hum Genet. 68 (2): 444–456. doi:10.1086/318206. PMC 1235277. PMID 11170892.
Sarich, V.M.; Wilson, A.C. (1967). "Immunological time scale for hominid evolution". Science. 158 (3805): 1200–1203. Bibcode:1967Sci...158.1200S. doi:10.1126/science.158.3805.1200. PMID 4964406. S2CID 7349579.
Venn, Oliver; Turner, Isaac; Mathieson, Iain; de Groot, Natasja; Bontrop, Ronald; McVean, Gil (June 2014). "Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees". Science. 344 (6189): 1272–1275. Bibcode:2014Sci...344.1272V. doi:10.1126/science.344.6189.1272. PMC 4746749. PMID 24926018.
Yoder, A.D.; Yang, Z. (1 July 2000). "Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular clocks". Mol Biol Evol. 17 (7): 1081–1090. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026389. PMID 10889221.
Takahata, N.; Satta, Y.; Klein, J. (1995). "Divergence time and population size in the lineage leading to modern humans". Theor Popul Biol. 48 (2): 198–221. Bibcode:1995TPBio..48..198T. doi:10.1006/tpbi.1995.1026. PMID 7482371.
Yang, Z. (1 December 2002). "Likelihood and Bayes estimation of ancestral population sizes in hominoids using data from multiple loci" (abstract page). Genetics. 162 (4): 1811–1823. doi:10.1093/genetics/162.4.1811. PMC 1462394. PMID 12524351. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2006.
Wildman, Derek E.; Uddin, Monica; Liu, Guozhen; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris (2003-06-10). "Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (12): 7181–7188. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7181W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1232172100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 165850. PMID 12766228.
Chimpanzee Sequencing; Analysis Consortium (2005). "Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome". Nature. 437 (7055): 69–87. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...69.. doi:10.1038/nature04072. PMID 16136131.
Olson, M.V. (1999). "When less is more: gene loss as an engine of evolutionary change". Am J Hum Genet. 64 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1086/302219. PMC 1377697. PMID 9915938.
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