Human sex ratio (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Human sex ratio" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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49nih.gov

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40doi.org

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13harvard.edu

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1census2011.co.in

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1excellentfuture.ca

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admin.ch

bfs.admin.ch

"Sex ratio in Switzerland". Switzerland Federal Statistics Office.

archive.org

Brian, Éric; Jaisson, Marie (2007). "Physico-Theology and Mathematics (1710–1794)". The Descent of Human Sex Ratio at Birth. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-1-4020-6036-6.
Stigler, Stephen M. (1986). The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty Before 1900. Harvard University Press. pp. 225–226. Bibcode:1986hsmu.book.....S. ISBN 0-67440341-X.
Stigler, Stephen M. (1986). The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 134. Bibcode:1986hsmu.book.....S. ISBN 0-674-40340-1.
Fisher, R. A. (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 141–143 – via Internet Archive.

bireme.br

bases.bireme.br

James WH (1987). "The human sex ratio. Part 1: A review of the literature". Human Biology. 59 (5): 721–752. PMID 3319883.
James WH (1987). "The human sex ratio. Part 2: A hypothesis and a program of research". Human Biology. 59 (6): 873–900. PMID 3327803.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Laplace, P. (1778). "Mémoire sur les probabilités (XIX, XX)". Oeuvres complètes de Laplace. Vol. 9. pp. 429–438. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

boston.com

Florida, Richard (30 March 2008). "A singles map of the United States of America". The Boston Globe.

cdc.gov

"Trend Analysis of the Sex Ratio at Birth in the United States" (PDF). US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics.

census2011.co.in

India at Glance – Population Census 2011 – Final Census of India, Government of India (2013)

cia.gov

"CIA Fact Book". The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States. 29 November 2021.

cicred.org

Mesle, France; Vallin, Jacques; Badurashvili, Irina (2007). A Sharp Increase in Sex Ratio at Birth in the Caucasus. Why? How? (PDF). Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography. pp. 73–89. ISBN 978-2-910053-29-1.

diva-portal.org

Sävfors, Ragnar (2016). Great Britain after World War I & II: Studying the post-war sex-ratio imbalance (Master's thesis). Stockholm University, Department of Sociology. Retrieved 1 February 2022.

doi.org

Grech, Victor; Savona-Ventura, Charles; Vassallo-Agius, P (27 April 2002). "Unexplained differences in sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 324 (7344): 1010–1011. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1010. PMC 102777. PMID 11976243.
Chao, Fengqing; Gerland, Patrick; Cook, Alex R.; Alkema, Leontine (7 May 2019). "Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (19): 9303–9311. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.9303C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1812593116. PMC 6511063. PMID 30988199.
Davis, D. L.; Gottlieb, M. B.; Stampnitzky, J. R. (1998). "Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: A sentinel health indicator?" (PDF). JAMA. 279 (13): 1018–23. doi:10.1001/jama.279.13.1018. PMID 9533502.
Grech, V; Savona-Ventura, C; Vassallo-Agius, P (2002). "Unexplained differences in sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 324 (7344): 1010–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1010. PMC 102777. PMID 11976243.
James W.H. (July 2008). "Hypothesis:Evidence that Mammalian Sex Ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormonal levels around the time of conception". Journal of Endocrinology. 198 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1677/JOE-07-0446. PMID 18577567.
Pongou, Roland (2012). "Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in Boys Than in Girls? A New Hypothesis Based on Preconception Environment and Evidence From a Large Sample of Twins". Demography. 50 (2): 421–444. doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0161-5. PMID 23151996. S2CID 24188622..
Alkema, Leontine; Chao, Fengqing; You, Danzhen; Pedersen, Jon; Sawyer, Cheryl C. (1 September 2014). "National, regional, and global sex ratios of infant, child, and under-5 mortality and identification of countries with outlying ratios: a systematic assessment". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (9): e521 – e530. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70280-3. PMID 25304419.
Pongou, Roland (14 November 2012). "Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in Boys Than in Girls? A New Hypothesis Based on Preconception Environment and Evidence From a Large Sample of Twins". Demography. 50 (2): 421–444. doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0161-5. PMID 23151996. S2CID 24188622.
Garenne M (December 2002). "Sex ratios at birth in African populations: a review of survey data". Hum. Biol. 74 (6): 889–900. doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0003. PMID 12617497. S2CID 12297795.
John Arbuthnot (1710). "An argument for Divine Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the births of both sexes" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 27 (325–336): 186–190. doi:10.1098/rstl.1710.0011. S2CID 186209819.
Hamilton, W. D. (1967). "Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology". Science. 156 (3774): 477–488. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675.
Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji (2013). "Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection". Nat Commun. 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048. hdl:2123/11211. PMID 23807025.
Orzack, Steven Hecht; Stubblefield, J. William; Akmaev, Viatcheslav R.; Colls, Pere; Munné, Santiago; Scholl, Thomas; Steinsaltz, David; Zuckerman, James E. (21 April 2015). "The human sex ratio from conception to birth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (16): E2102-11. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E2102O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416546112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4413259. PMID 25825766.
Jacobsen, R; Møller, H; Mouritsen, A (1999). "Natural variation in the human sex ratio". Human Reproduction. 14 (12): 3120–3125. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.12.3120. PMID 10601107.
Branum, A. M.; Parker, J. D.; Schoendorf, K. C. (2009). "Trends in US sex ratio by plurality, gestational age and race/ethnicity". Reproductive Epidemiology. 24 (11): 2936–2944 (see p. 2941 Figure 2). doi:10.1093/humrep/dep255. PMID 19654108.
Ein-Mor E, Mankuta D, Hochner-Celnikier D, Hurwitz A, Haimov-Kochman R (April 2010). "Sex ratio is remarkably constant". Fertil. Steril. 93 (6): 1961–5. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.036. PMID 19159875.
James W.H. (May 2010). "The Inconstancy of Human Sex Ratios at Birth". Fertil. Steril. 94 (3): e53. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.044. PMID 20598299.
Helle, Samuli; Helama, Samuli; Lertola, Kalle (November 2009). "Evolutionary ecology of human birth sex ratio under the compound influence of climate change, famine, economic crises and wars". Journal of Animal Ecology. 78 (6): 1226–1233. Bibcode:2009JAnEc..78.1226H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01598.x. PMID 19719518.
Catalano R, Bruckner T, Smith KR (February 2008). "Ambient temperature predicts sex ratios and male longevity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (6): 2244–7. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.2244C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710711104. PMC 2538905. PMID 18250336.
Davis DL, Gottlieb MB, Stampnitzky JR (April 1998). "Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator?". JAMA. 279 (13): 1018–23. doi:10.1001/jama.279.13.1018. PMID 9533502.
Mendl M, Zanella AJ, Broom DM, Whittemore CT (1995). "Maternal social status and birth sex ratio in domestic pigs: an analysis of mechanisms". Animal Behaviour. 50 (5): 1361–70. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80051-4. S2CID 53173184.
Ellis L, Bonin S (2002). "Social status and the secondary sex ratio: new evidence on a lingering controversy". Soc Biol. 49 (1–2): 35–43. doi:10.1080/19485565.2002.9989047. PMID 14652908. S2CID 39347627.
Norberg, Karen (November 2004). "Partnership Status and the Human Sex Ratio at Birth". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. NBER Working Paper Series. 271 (1555): 2403–10. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2857. PMC 1691865. PMID 15556894. SSRN 622634. w10920.
Navara KJ (August 2009). "Humans at tropical latitudes produce more females". Biol. Lett. 5 (4): 524–7. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0069. PMC 2781905. PMID 19364717.
Vartiainen, T; Kartovaara, L; Tuomisto, J (1999). "Environmental chemicals and changes in sex ratio: analysis over 250 years in finland". Environmental Health Perspectives. 107 (10): 813–815. Bibcode:1999EnvHP.107..813V. doi:10.1289/ehp.99107813. PMC 1566625. PMID 10504147.
Check, Erika (21 October 2005). "Pollution makes for more girls". Nature News: news051017–16. doi:10.1038/news051017-16.
Smith D, Von Behren J (December 2005). "Trends in the sex ratio of California births, 1960–1996". J Epidemiol Community Health. 59 (12): 1047–53. doi:10.1136/jech.2005.036970. PMC 1732975. PMID 16286492.
Jacobsen; et al. (1999). "Natural Variation in the Human Sex Ratio". Human Reproduction. 14 (12): 3120–3125. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.12.3120. PMID 10601107.
Norberg, K. (22 November 2004). "Partnership status and the human sex ratio at birth". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 271 (1555): 2403–2410. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2857. PMC 1691865. PMID 15556894.
Catalano, Ralph (2003). "Sex ratios in the two Germanies: a test of the economic stress hypothesis". Human Reproduction. 18 (9): 1972–1975. doi:10.1093/humrep/deg370. PMID 12923159.
Anderson, Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. (1986). "Infant Mortality in the Soviet Union: Regional Differences and Measurement Issues". Population and Development Review. 12 (4): 705–37. doi:10.2307/1973432. JSTOR 1973432.
For studies reveal underreporting or delayed reporting of female births in China, see Merli MG, Raftery AE (February 1990). "Are births underreported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China's population policies". Demography. 37 (1): 109–26. doi:10.2307/2648100. JSTOR 2648100. PMID 10748993. S2CID 41085573. and Cai, Yong; Lavely, William (2003). "China's Missing Girls: Numerical Estimates and Effects on Population Growth" (PDF). The China Review. 3 (2): 13–29. JSTOR 23461902.
Clutton-Brock, T. (2007). "Sexual Selection in Males and Females". Science. 318 (5858): 1882–1885. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1882C. doi:10.1126/science.1133311. PMID 18096798. S2CID 6883765.
Kvarnemo, C.; Ahnesjo, I. (1996). "The dynamics of operational sex ratios and competition for mates". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 11 (10): 404–408. Bibcode:1996TEcoE..11..404K. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10056-2. PMID 21237898.
Emlen, S.T. (1976). "Lek organization and mating strategies in the bullfrog". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1 (3): 283–313. Bibcode:1976BEcoS...1..283E. doi:10.1007/bf00300069. JSTOR 4599103. S2CID 10792384.
Emlen, S.T.; Oring, L.W. (1977). "Ecology, Sexual Selection, and the Evolution of Mating Systems". Science. 197 (4300): 215–223. Bibcode:1977Sci...197..215E. doi:10.1126/science.327542. PMID 327542.
Covey, R. Alan; Childs, Geoff; Kippen, Rebecca (1 June 2011). "Dynamics of Indigenous Demographic Fluctuations: Lessons from Sixteenth-Century Cusco, Peru". Current Anthropology. 52 (3): 335–360. doi:10.1086/660010. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 15702434.
Heer, David M.; Grossbard-Shechtman, Amyra (1981). "The Impact of the Female Marriage Squeeze and the Contraceptive Revolution on Sex Roles and the Women's Liberation Movement in the United States, 1960 to 1975". Journal of Marriage and the Family. 43 (1): 49–65. doi:10.2307/351416. JSTOR 351416.
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Grossbard, Shoshana (2007). "Marriage Markets and Women's Labor Force Participation". Review of Economics of the Household. 5 (3): 249–278. doi:10.1007/s11150-007-9014-1. hdl:10419/34677. S2CID 189952913.
Pabst, Jennifer; Walfield, Scott M.; Schacht, Ryan (May 2022). "Patterning of Sexual Violence against Women across US Cities and Counties". Social Sciences. 11 (5): 208. doi:10.3390/socsci11050208. ISSN 2076-0760.

excellentfuture.ca

For studies reveal underreporting or delayed reporting of female births in China, see Merli MG, Raftery AE (February 1990). "Are births underreported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China's population policies". Demography. 37 (1): 109–26. doi:10.2307/2648100. JSTOR 2648100. PMID 10748993. S2CID 41085573. and Cai, Yong; Lavely, William (2003). "China's Missing Girls: Numerical Estimates and Effects on Population Growth" (PDF). The China Review. 3 (2): 13–29. JSTOR 23461902.

fertstert.wordpress.com

James W.H. (May 2010). "The Inconstancy of Human Sex Ratios at Birth". Fertil. Steril. 94 (3): e53. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.044. PMID 20598299.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji (2013). "Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection". Nat Commun. 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048. hdl:2123/11211. PMID 23807025.
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Grossbard, Shoshana (2007). "Marriage Markets and Women's Labor Force Participation". Review of Economics of the Household. 5 (3): 249–278. doi:10.1007/s11150-007-9014-1. hdl:10419/34677. S2CID 189952913.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Chao, Fengqing; Gerland, Patrick; Cook, Alex R.; Alkema, Leontine (7 May 2019). "Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (19): 9303–9311. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.9303C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1812593116. PMC 6511063. PMID 30988199.
Stigler, Stephen M. (1986). The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty Before 1900. Harvard University Press. pp. 225–226. Bibcode:1986hsmu.book.....S. ISBN 0-67440341-X.
Stigler, Stephen M. (1986). The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 134. Bibcode:1986hsmu.book.....S. ISBN 0-674-40340-1.
Hamilton, W. D. (1967). "Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology". Science. 156 (3774): 477–488. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675.
Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji (2013). "Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection". Nat Commun. 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048. hdl:2123/11211. PMID 23807025.
Orzack, Steven Hecht; Stubblefield, J. William; Akmaev, Viatcheslav R.; Colls, Pere; Munné, Santiago; Scholl, Thomas; Steinsaltz, David; Zuckerman, James E. (21 April 2015). "The human sex ratio from conception to birth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (16): E2102-11. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E2102O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416546112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4413259. PMID 25825766.
Helle, Samuli; Helama, Samuli; Lertola, Kalle (November 2009). "Evolutionary ecology of human birth sex ratio under the compound influence of climate change, famine, economic crises and wars". Journal of Animal Ecology. 78 (6): 1226–1233. Bibcode:2009JAnEc..78.1226H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01598.x. PMID 19719518.
Catalano R, Bruckner T, Smith KR (February 2008). "Ambient temperature predicts sex ratios and male longevity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (6): 2244–7. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.2244C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710711104. PMC 2538905. PMID 18250336.
Vartiainen, T; Kartovaara, L; Tuomisto, J (1999). "Environmental chemicals and changes in sex ratio: analysis over 250 years in finland". Environmental Health Perspectives. 107 (10): 813–815. Bibcode:1999EnvHP.107..813V. doi:10.1289/ehp.99107813. PMC 1566625. PMID 10504147.
Clutton-Brock, T. (2007). "Sexual Selection in Males and Females". Science. 318 (5858): 1882–1885. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1882C. doi:10.1126/science.1133311. PMID 18096798. S2CID 6883765.
Kvarnemo, C.; Ahnesjo, I. (1996). "The dynamics of operational sex ratios and competition for mates". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 11 (10): 404–408. Bibcode:1996TEcoE..11..404K. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10056-2. PMID 21237898.
Emlen, S.T. (1976). "Lek organization and mating strategies in the bullfrog". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1 (3): 283–313. Bibcode:1976BEcoS...1..283E. doi:10.1007/bf00300069. JSTOR 4599103. S2CID 10792384.
Emlen, S.T.; Oring, L.W. (1977). "Ecology, Sexual Selection, and the Evolution of Mating Systems". Science. 197 (4300): 215–223. Bibcode:1977Sci...197..215E. doi:10.1126/science.327542. PMID 327542.

independent.co.uk

Lean, Geoffrey (7 December 2008). "It's official: Men really are the weaker sex". The Independent.

jstor.org

Hamilton, W. D. (1967). "Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology". Science. 156 (3774): 477–488. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675.
Anderson, Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. (1986). "Infant Mortality in the Soviet Union: Regional Differences and Measurement Issues". Population and Development Review. 12 (4): 705–37. doi:10.2307/1973432. JSTOR 1973432.
For studies reveal underreporting or delayed reporting of female births in China, see Merli MG, Raftery AE (February 1990). "Are births underreported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China's population policies". Demography. 37 (1): 109–26. doi:10.2307/2648100. JSTOR 2648100. PMID 10748993. S2CID 41085573. and Cai, Yong; Lavely, William (2003). "China's Missing Girls: Numerical Estimates and Effects on Population Growth" (PDF). The China Review. 3 (2): 13–29. JSTOR 23461902.
Emlen, S.T. (1976). "Lek organization and mating strategies in the bullfrog". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1 (3): 283–313. Bibcode:1976BEcoS...1..283E. doi:10.1007/bf00300069. JSTOR 4599103. S2CID 10792384.
Heer, David M.; Grossbard-Shechtman, Amyra (1981). "The Impact of the Female Marriage Squeeze and the Contraceptive Revolution on Sex Roles and the Women's Liberation Movement in the United States, 1960 to 1975". Journal of Marriage and the Family. 43 (1): 49–65. doi:10.2307/351416. JSTOR 351416.

korea.ac.kr

econ.korea.ac.kr

Kvasnicka, Michael; Bethmann, Dirk (1 October 2007). "World War II, Missing Men, and out-of-wedlock childbearing" (PDF). The Institute of Economic Research, Korea University. 07-30.

measuredhs.com

"The Demographic and Health Survey Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". measuredhs.com.

nature.com

Check, Erika (21 October 2005). "Pollution makes for more girls". Nature News: news051017–16. doi:10.1038/news051017-16.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Grech, Victor; Savona-Ventura, Charles; Vassallo-Agius, P (27 April 2002). "Unexplained differences in sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 324 (7344): 1010–1011. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1010. PMC 102777. PMID 11976243.
Chao, Fengqing; Gerland, Patrick; Cook, Alex R.; Alkema, Leontine (7 May 2019). "Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (19): 9303–9311. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.9303C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1812593116. PMC 6511063. PMID 30988199.
Davis, D. L.; Gottlieb, M. B.; Stampnitzky, J. R. (1998). "Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: A sentinel health indicator?" (PDF). JAMA. 279 (13): 1018–23. doi:10.1001/jama.279.13.1018. PMID 9533502.
Grech, V; Savona-Ventura, C; Vassallo-Agius, P (2002). "Unexplained differences in sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 324 (7344): 1010–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1010. PMC 102777. PMID 11976243.
James W.H. (July 2008). "Hypothesis:Evidence that Mammalian Sex Ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormonal levels around the time of conception". Journal of Endocrinology. 198 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1677/JOE-07-0446. PMID 18577567.
Pongou, Roland (2012). "Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in Boys Than in Girls? A New Hypothesis Based on Preconception Environment and Evidence From a Large Sample of Twins". Demography. 50 (2): 421–444. doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0161-5. PMID 23151996. S2CID 24188622..
Alkema, Leontine; Chao, Fengqing; You, Danzhen; Pedersen, Jon; Sawyer, Cheryl C. (1 September 2014). "National, regional, and global sex ratios of infant, child, and under-5 mortality and identification of countries with outlying ratios: a systematic assessment". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (9): e521 – e530. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70280-3. PMID 25304419.
Pongou, Roland (14 November 2012). "Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in Boys Than in Girls? A New Hypothesis Based on Preconception Environment and Evidence From a Large Sample of Twins". Demography. 50 (2): 421–444. doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0161-5. PMID 23151996. S2CID 24188622.
Mathews TJ, et al. (June 2005). "Trend Analysis of the Sex Ratio at Birth in the United States". National Vital Statistics Reports. 53 (20): 1–17. PMID 15974501.
Garenne M (December 2002). "Sex ratios at birth in African populations: a review of survey data". Hum. Biol. 74 (6): 889–900. doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0003. PMID 12617497. S2CID 12297795.
Hamilton, W. D. (1967). "Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology". Science. 156 (3774): 477–488. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675.
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Grech, Victor; Savona-Ventura, Charles; Vassallo-Agius, P (27 April 2002). "Unexplained differences in sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 324 (7344): 1010–1011. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1010. PMC 102777. PMID 11976243.
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Grech, V; Savona-Ventura, C; Vassallo-Agius, P (2002). "Unexplained differences in sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 324 (7344): 1010–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1010. PMC 102777. PMID 11976243.
Orzack, Steven Hecht; Stubblefield, J. William; Akmaev, Viatcheslav R.; Colls, Pere; Munné, Santiago; Scholl, Thomas; Steinsaltz, David; Zuckerman, James E. (21 April 2015). "The human sex ratio from conception to birth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (16): E2102-11. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E2102O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416546112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4413259. PMID 25825766.
Catalano R, Bruckner T, Smith KR (February 2008). "Ambient temperature predicts sex ratios and male longevity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (6): 2244–7. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.2244C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710711104. PMC 2538905. PMID 18250336.
Norberg, Karen (November 2004). "Partnership Status and the Human Sex Ratio at Birth". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. NBER Working Paper Series. 271 (1555): 2403–10. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2857. PMC 1691865. PMID 15556894. SSRN 622634. w10920.
Navara KJ (August 2009). "Humans at tropical latitudes produce more females". Biol. Lett. 5 (4): 524–7. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0069. PMC 2781905. PMID 19364717.
Vartiainen, T; Kartovaara, L; Tuomisto, J (1999). "Environmental chemicals and changes in sex ratio: analysis over 250 years in finland". Environmental Health Perspectives. 107 (10): 813–815. Bibcode:1999EnvHP.107..813V. doi:10.1289/ehp.99107813. PMC 1566625. PMID 10504147.
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Ruder, Avima (1985f). "Paternal-Age and Birth-Order Effect on the Human Secondary Sex Ratio". American Journal of Human Genetics. 37 (2): 362–372. PMC 1684568. PMID 3985011.
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Norberg, K. (22 November 2004). "Partnership status and the human sex ratio at birth". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 271 (1555): 2403–2410. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2857. PMC 1691865. PMID 15556894.

precaution.org

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princeton.edu

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For example, the number of births reported to family planning and other administrative agencies has been significantly lower than the number determined in population surveys and the census. See Zhang, Guangyu (April 2004) "Very Low Fertility in China in the 1990s: Reality or An Illusion Arising from Birth Underreporting?" Archived 5 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America.

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Jian Lee, Deborah; Subramanian, Sushma (15 November 2011). "A Single Man: One Chinese Bachelor's Search for Love". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2011.

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Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Grossbard, Shoshana (2007). "Marriage Markets and Women's Labor Force Participation". Review of Economics of the Household. 5 (3): 249–278. doi:10.1007/s11150-007-9014-1. hdl:10419/34677. S2CID 189952913.

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John Arbuthnot (1710). "An argument for Divine Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the births of both sexes" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 27 (325–336): 186–190. doi:10.1098/rstl.1710.0011. S2CID 186209819.
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For studies reveal underreporting or delayed reporting of female births in China, see Merli MG, Raftery AE (February 1990). "Are births underreported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China's population policies". Demography. 37 (1): 109–26. doi:10.2307/2648100. JSTOR 2648100. PMID 10748993. S2CID 41085573. and Cai, Yong; Lavely, William (2003). "China's Missing Girls: Numerical Estimates and Effects on Population Growth" (PDF). The China Review. 3 (2): 13–29. JSTOR 23461902.
Clutton-Brock, T. (2007). "Sexual Selection in Males and Females". Science. 318 (5858): 1882–1885. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1882C. doi:10.1126/science.1133311. PMID 18096798. S2CID 6883765.
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Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Grossbard, Shoshana (2007). "Marriage Markets and Women's Labor Force Participation". Review of Economics of the Household. 5 (3): 249–278. doi:10.1007/s11150-007-9014-1. hdl:10419/34677. S2CID 189952913.

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Norberg, Karen (November 2004). "Partnership Status and the Human Sex Ratio at Birth". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. NBER Working Paper Series. 271 (1555): 2403–10. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2857. PMC 1691865. PMID 15556894. SSRN 622634. w10920.

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Covey, R. Alan; Childs, Geoff; Kippen, Rebecca (1 June 2011). "Dynamics of Indigenous Demographic Fluctuations: Lessons from Sixteenth-Century Cusco, Peru". Current Anthropology. 52 (3): 335–360. doi:10.1086/660010. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 15702434.

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Oster, Emily; Chen, Gang; Yu, Xinsen; Lin, Wenyao (2008). "Hepatitis B Does Not Explain Male-Biased Sex Ratios in China" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
China's sex ratio declines for two straight years Xinhua, China (16 August 2011) – "Li Bin, director of the National Population and Family Planning Commission, made the remarks at a press conference (...). China's sex ratio at birth was 118.08 males for every 100 females in 2010, according to census data, Li said."
For example, the number of births reported to family planning and other administrative agencies has been significantly lower than the number determined in population surveys and the census. See Zhang, Guangyu (April 2004) "Very Low Fertility in China in the 1990s: Reality or An Illusion Arising from Birth Underreporting?" Archived 5 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America.
Jian Lee, Deborah; Subramanian, Sushma (15 November 2011). "A Single Man: One Chinese Bachelor's Search for Love". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2011.

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"World Health Organization, Sex Ratio". SEARO.^{[dead link‍]}

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Orzack, Steven Hecht; Stubblefield, J. William; Akmaev, Viatcheslav R.; Colls, Pere; Munné, Santiago; Scholl, Thomas; Steinsaltz, David; Zuckerman, James E. (21 April 2015). "The human sex ratio from conception to birth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (16): E2102-11. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E2102O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416546112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4413259. PMID 25825766.
Covey, R. Alan; Childs, Geoff; Kippen, Rebecca (1 June 2011). "Dynamics of Indigenous Demographic Fluctuations: Lessons from Sixteenth-Century Cusco, Peru". Current Anthropology. 52 (3): 335–360. doi:10.1086/660010. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 15702434.
Pabst, Jennifer; Walfield, Scott M.; Schacht, Ryan (May 2022). "Patterning of Sexual Violence against Women across US Cities and Counties". Social Sciences. 11 (5): 208. doi:10.3390/socsci11050208. ISSN 2076-0760.

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Laplace, P. (1778). "Mémoire sur les probabilités" (PDF). Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences de Paris. 9: 227–332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2018.

york.ac.uk

John Arbuthnot (1710). "An argument for Divine Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the births of both sexes" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 27 (325–336): 186–190. doi:10.1098/rstl.1710.0011. S2CID 186209819.

zenodo.org

Branum, A. M.; Parker, J. D.; Schoendorf, K. C. (2009). "Trends in US sex ratio by plurality, gestational age and race/ethnicity". Reproductive Epidemiology. 24 (11): 2936–2944 (see p. 2941 Figure 2). doi:10.1093/humrep/dep255. PMID 19654108.