Human shield (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Human shield" in English language version.

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  • Amnesty International wrote as of 2014 that it does not have evidence at this point that Palestinian civilians have been intentionally used by Hamas or Palestinian armed groups during the current hostilities to 'shield' specific locations or military personnel or equipment from Israeli attacks" and further saying that "Under international humanitarian law even if "human shields" are being used Israel's obligations to protect these civilians would still apply.""Israel/Gaza conflict: Questions and Answers". Amnesty International. July 25, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
  • "Israel/Gaza: Operation "Cast Lead": 22 days of death and destruction". Amnesty International. July 2, 2009. The attacks that caused the greatest number of fatalities and injuries were carried out with long-range high-precision munitions fired from combat aircraft, helicopters and drones, or from tanks stationed up to several kilometres away – often against pre selected targets, a process that would normally require approval from up the chain of command. The victims of these attacks were not caught in the crossfire of battles between Palestinian militants and Israeli forces, nor were they shielding militants or other legitimate targets. Many were killed when their homes were bombed while they slept. Others were going about their daily activities in their homes, sitting in their yard, hanging the laundry on the roof when they were targeted in air strikes or tank shelling. Children were studying or playing in their bedrooms or on the roof, or outside their homes, when they were struck by missiles or tank shells. Others were in the street, walking or cycling. Paramedics and ambulances were repeatedly attacked while rescuing the wounded or recovering the dead
  • "UNLAWFUL AND DEADLY" (PDF). Amnesty International. Retrieved March 2, 2024.
  • "Israel/Gaza conflict: Questions and Answers". Amnesty International. July 25, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  • "Document - Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Israel/Gaza conflict". Amnesty International. July 2014.

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  • Neve Gordon; Nicola Perugini (2020). Human Shields: A History of People in the Line of Fire. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-30184-9. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  • Eugene Rogan, The Arabs: A History, 2012 p.255.
  • Herbert David Croly: "The New Republic", Vol. 203, 1990, p. 15
  • United States Policy Toward Lebanon-relief and Rehabilitation Assistance... By United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1983. United States Congress. House Committee on Foreign Affairs "Israel has found in Lebanon enough PLO weapons to equip a massive army and to supply untold numbers of terrorist cadres ... First, the PLO consciously attacked only civilians and, secondly, the PLO used civilians as human shields to protect itself. Anyone who has been to the small country of Israel knows that there are many military targets to be easily found ... Yet, the PLO could only find those 'military' targets disguised as kibbutz nurseries, school buses, marketplaces or passenger airplanes. And the second factor that differentiates the PLO terrorist army from conventional armies is its hiding in the midst of civilian locations. Israeli troops uncovered PLO arsenals, emplacements and bases in schools, mosques, and apartment basements. According to Newsweek, June 14, Israeli soldiers in one engagement, were attacked by PLO fighters disguised as hospital patients."
  • James R. Arnold (2008). Saddam Hussein's Iraq. p. 76
  • Jan Goldman (2014). War on Terror Encyclopedia: From the Rise of Al-Qaeda to 9/11 and Beyond. ABC Clio. p.174
  • Yossef Bodansky (2011). bin Laden: The Man Who Declared War on America. Crown Publishing Group. p. 368. ISBN 9780307797728.
  • Alfred G. Nhema, Tiyambe Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe Zeleza (2008). "The Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution & Post-conflict Reconstruction". p.60.
  • Winter Soldier, Iraq and Afghanistan: Eyewitness Accounts of the Occupations. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  • Halder, Debarati (May 3, 2021). Advancement of Human Rights in India: Contemporary and Emerging Challenges. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-5388-788-9. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  • Coughlin, Jack; Kuhlman, Casey; and, Donald A. Davis. Shooter: The Autobiography of the Top-Ranked Marine Sniper Archived July 18, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. St. Martin's Press, (2005).

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  • "Legislative Proposal to Dete and Sanction the Use of Civilians As Human Shields Under Canadian law. Related Concern: International Air Travel Over Conflict Zones." Archived August 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Canadian Coalition Against Terror. March 2020. Legislation that spotlights and sanctions the use of human shields – also conceivably captures actors that have allowed for civilian international air travel over conflict zones. For example, Iran and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) have recently been accused of using civil air traffic over Iran as human shields after the recent downing of Ukrainian Air Flight 752 (PS752) by Iranian missiles. The New York Times reported in the aftermath of the crash, based on interviews with Guards and other officials, that 'Iranian officials feared that shutting down the airport would create mass panic ... [and] they also hoped that the presence of passenger jets could act as a deterrent against an American attack on the airport or the nearby military base, effectively turning planeloads of unsuspecting travelers into human shields" (emphasis added).

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  • "Hamas' use of human shields in Gaza" (PDF). NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence.
  • James Pamment, Vladimir Sazonov, Francesca Granelli, Sean Aday, Māris Andžāns, Una Bērziņa-Čerenkova, John-Paul Gravelines, Mils Hills, Irene Martinez-Sanchez, Mariita Mattiisen, Holger Molder, Yeganeh Morakabati, Aurel Sari, Gregory Simons, Jonathan Terra, Hybrid Threats: Hamas' use of human shields in Gaza Nato Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, 5 June 2019 pp.147–169, 152

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  • Julia A. Seymour (March 26, 2015). "Boko Haram uses human shields after another mass abduction"[permanent dead link].[full citation needed] "Almost one year after Boko Haram kidnapped 276 girls in Chibok, Nigeria, the Islamic terror group abducted as many as 500 women and children to use as human shields. Nigerian official Mike Omeri, the director of the National Orientation Agency, could not confirm exactly how many people were kidnapped from Damasak, Nigeria. 'Some say 500, some 400, some say 300,' Omeri acknowledged. He said he was waiting for information from authorities in Damasak, a trading town near the Niger border that had been retaken from the Islamic extremists. According to Omeri, as multinational troops advanced on the town, Boko Haram retreated, taking hostages with them, but they remain in the region with their human shields."

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