Human vestigiality (English Wikipedia)

Darwin C, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, London: John Murray, 1890, p.13.[1]
Turner W, On the musculus sternalis, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh session 1866–1867, p.65.[2]
Wiedersheim, R. (1893) The Structure of Man: An Index to His Past History. Second Edition. Translated by H. and M. Bernard. London: Macmillan and Co. 1895. [3]
Wyatt, Tristram D. (2003). Pheromones and Animal Behaviour: Communication by Smell and Taste. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-521-48526-5.
Peter Gray (2007). Psychology (fifth ed.). Worth Publishers. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7167-0617-5.
Jerry Coyne (2009). Why Evolution is True. Penguin Group. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-670-02053-9.

books.google.com

Behavior Development in Infants (via Google Books) by Evelyn Dewey, citing a study "Reflexes and other motor activities in newborn infants: a report of 125 cases as a preliminary study of infant behavior" published in the Bull. Neurol. Inst. New York, 1932, Vol. 2, pp. 1–56.

doi.org

Kooij IA, Sahami S, Meijer SL, Buskens CJ, Te Velde AA (October 2016). "The immunology of the vermiform appendix: a review of the literature". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 186 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/cei.12821. PMC 5011360. PMID 27271818.
Yap, Daniel Ren Yi; Lui, Rashid N; Samol, Jens; Ngeow, Joanne; Sung, Joseph JY; Wong, Sunny H (February 2024). "Beyond a vestigial organ: effects of the appendix on gut microbiome and colorectal cancer". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. doi:10.1111/jgh.16497.
Randal Bollinger, R.; Barbas, Andrew S.; Bush, Errol L.; Lin, Shu S.; Parker, William (2007). "Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 249 (4): 826–31. Bibcode:2007JThBi.249..826R. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.08.032. PMID 17936308.
Smith, H. F.; Fisher, R. E.; Everett, M. L.; Thomas, A. D.; Randal Bollinger, R.; Parker, W. (2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (10): 1984–99. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x. PMID 19678866.
Biswanath Mukhopadhyay, Ram M. Shukla, Madhumita Mukhopadhyay, Kartik C. Mandal, Pankaj Haldar, & Abhijit Benare (2012), "Spectrum of human tails: A report of six cases", Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 17 (1): 23–25, doi:10.4103/0971-9261.91082, PMC 3263034, PMID 22279360{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Saraga-Babić, Mirna; Lehtonen, Eero; Švajger, Anton; Wartiovaara, Jorma (1994). "Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of axial structures in the transitory human tail". Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 176 (3): 277–86. doi:10.1016/S0940-9602(11)80496-6. PMID 8059973.
Fallon, John F.; Simandl, B. Kay (1978). "Evidence of a role for cell death in the disappearance of the embryonic human tail". American Journal of Anatomy. 152 (1): 111–29. doi:10.1002/aja.1001520108. PMID 677043.
Dao, Anh H.; Netsky, Martin G. (1984). "Human tails and pseudotails". Human Pathology. 15 (5): 449–53. doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(84)80079-9. PMID 6373560.
Dubrow, Terry J.; Wackym, Phillip Ashley; Lesavoy, Malcolm A. (1988). "Detailing the Human Tail". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 20 (4): 340–4. doi:10.1097/00000637-198804000-00009. PMID 3284435.
Spiegelmann, Roberto; Schinder, Edgardo; Mintz, Mordejai; Blakstein, Alexander (1985). "The human tail: A benign stigma". Journal of Neurosurgery. 63 (3): 461–2. doi:10.3171/jns.1985.63.3.0461. PMID 3894599.
Pereira, T. V.; Salzano, F. M.; Mostowska, A.; Trzeciak, W. H.; Ruiz-Linares, A.; Chies, J. A. B.; Saavedra, C.; Nagamachi, C.; Hurtado, A. M.; Hill, K.; Castro-De-Guerra, D.; Silva-Junior, W. A.; Bortolini, M.-C. (2006). "Natural selection and molecular evolution in primate PAX9 gene, a major determinant of tooth development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (15): 5676–81. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.5676P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509562103. PMC 1458632. PMID 16585527.
Trotier, D.; Eloit, C; Wassef, M; Talmain, G; Bensimon, J. L.; Døving, K. B.; Ferrand, J (2000). "The Vomeronasal Cavity in Adult Humans". Chemical Senses. 25 (4): 369–80. doi:10.1093/chemse/25.4.369. PMID 10944499.
Kjær, Inger; Hansen, Birgit Fischer (1996). "The human vomeronasal organ: Prenatal developmental stages and distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone". European Journal of Oral Sciences. 104 (1): 34–40. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00043.x. PMID 8653495.
Smith, Timothy D.; Siegel, Michael I.; Bhatnagar, Kunwar P. (2001). "Reappraisal of the vomeronasal system of catarrhine primates: Ontogeny, morphology, functionality, and persisting questions". The Anatomical Record. 265 (4): 176–192. doi:10.1002/ar.1152. PMID 11519019.
Smith, Timothy D.; Bhatnagar, Kunwar P. (2000). "The human vomeronasal organ. Part II: Prenatal development". Journal of Anatomy. 197 (3): 421–436. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730421.x. PMC 1468143. PMID 11117628.
Won, J; Mair, E. A.; Bolger, W. E.; Conran, R. M. (2000). "The vomeronasal organ: an objective anatomic analysis of its prevalence". Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 79 (8): 600–605. doi:10.1177/014556130007900814. PMID 10969469.
Foltán, René; Šedý, Jiří (2009). "Behavioral changes of patients after orthognathic surgery develop on the basis of the loss of vomeronasal organ: a hypothesis". Head & Face Medicine. 5: 5. doi:10.1186/1746-160X-5-5. PMC 2653472. PMID 19161592.
Bhatnagar, Kunwar P.; Smith, Timothy D. (2001). "The human vomeronasal organ. III. Postnatal development from infancy to the ninth decade". Journal of Anatomy. 199 (Pt 3): 289–302. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19930289.x. PMC 1468331. PMID 11554506.
Bhatnagar, Kunwar P.; Kennedy, Ray C.; Baron, Georg; Greenberg, Richard A. (1987). "Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study". The Anatomical Record. 218 (1): 73–87. doi:10.1002/ar.1092180112. PMID 3605663. S2CID 25630359.
Witt, M.; Hummel, T. (2006). Vomeronasal Versus Olfactory Epithelium: Is There a Cellular Basis for Human Vomeronasal Perception?. International Review of Cytology. Vol. 248. pp. 209–259. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)48004-9. ISBN 978-0-12-364652-1. PMID 16487792.
Wysocki CJ, Preti G (November 2004). "Facts, fallacies, fears, and frustrations with human pheromones". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 281 (1): 1201–1211. doi:10.1002/ar.a.20125. PMID 15470677.
Bair, J. H. (1901). "Development of voluntary control". Psychological Review. 8 (5): 474–510. doi:10.1037/h0074157. hdl:2027/mdp.39015070189314.
Montagna, W.; Machida, H.; Perkins, E. M. (1966). "The skin of primates. XXXIII. The skin of the angwantibo (Arctocebus calabarensis)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 25 (3): 277–90. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330250307. PMID 5971502.
Hadjiathanasiou, C.G.; Brauner, R.; Lortat-Jacob, S.; Nivot, S.; Jaubert, F.; Fellous, M.; Nihoul-Fékété, C.; Rappaport, R. (1994). "True hermaphroditism: Genetic variants and clinical management". The Journal of Pediatrics. 125 (5): 738–744. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(06)80172-1. PMID 7965425.
Eren, Erdal; Edgünlü, Tuba; Asut, Emre; Karakaş Çelik, Sevim (2016). "Homozygous Ala65Pro Mutation with V89L Polymorphism in SRD5A2 Deficiency". Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 8 (2): 218–223. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.2495. PMC 5096479. PMID 26761946.
Healey, Andrew (2010). "Embryology of the Female Reproductive Tract". Imaging of Gynecological Disorders in Infants and Children. Medical Radiology. pp. 21–30. doi:10.1007/174_2010_128. ISBN 978-3-540-85601-6.
Basaran, Mustafa; Usal, Deniz; Aydemir, Cumhur (2009). "Hymen Sparing Surgery for Imperforate Hymen: Case Reports and Review of Literature". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 22 (4): e61–64. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2008.03.009. PMID 19646660.
Collier, Roger (22 November 2011). "Vital or vestigial? The foreskin has its fans and foes". CMAJ. 183 (17): 1963–1964. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4014. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 3225416. PMID 22025652.
Guerra, Aldo Benjamin; Metzinger, Stephen Eric; Metzinger, Rebecca Crawford; Xie, Chen; Xie, Yue; Rigby, Peter Lister; Naugle, Thomas (2004). "Variability of the Postauricular Muscle Complex". Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery. 6 (5): 342–7. doi:10.1001/archfaci.6.5.342. PMID 15381582.
Tamatsu, Yuichi; Tsukahara, Kazue; Hotta, Mitsuyuki; Shimada, Kazuyuki (2007). "Vestiges of vibrissal capsular muscles exist in the human upper lip". Clinical Anatomy. 20 (6): 628–31. doi:10.1002/ca.20497. PMID 17458869. S2CID 21055062.
Aversi-Ferreira, Roqueline A. G. M. F.; Bretas, Rafael Vieira; Maior, Rafael Souto; Davaasuren, Munkhzul; Paraguassú-Chaves, Carlos Alberto; Nishijo, Hisao; Aversi-Ferreira, Tales Alexandre (2014). "Morphometric and Statistical Analysis of the Palmaris Longus Muscle in Human and Non-Human Primates". BioMed Research International. 2014: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2014/178906. PMC 4016873. PMID 24860810.
Kapoor, Sudhir K.; Tiwari, Akshay; Kumar, Abhishek; Bhatia, Rajesh; Tantuway, Vinay; Kapoor, Saurabh (2008). "Clinical relevance of palmaris longus agenesis: Common anatomical aberration". Anatomical Science International. 83 (1): 45–8. doi:10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00199.x. PMID 18402087. S2CID 25324691.
Sebastin, S; Lim, A; Bee, W; Wong, T; Methil, B (2005). "Does the absence of the palmaris longus affect grip and pinch strength?". The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand. 30 (4): 406–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.03.011. PMID 15935531. S2CID 35394120.
Lovering, Richard M.; Anderson, Larry D. (2008). "Architecture and fiber type of the pyramidalis muscle". Anatomical Science International. 83 (4): 294–7. doi:10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00226.x. PMC 3531545. PMID 19159363.
P., Haninec; R., Tomáš; R., Kaiser; R., Čihák (2009). "Development and clinical significance of the musculus dorsoepitrochlearis in men". Clinical Anatomy. 22 (4): 481–8. doi:10.1002/ca.20799. PMID 19373904. S2CID 221547558.
Ogata, Shigemitsu; Mine, Kazuharu; Tamatsu, Yuichi; Shimada, Kazuyuki (2002). "Morphological study of the human chondroglossus muscle in Japanese". Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 184 (5): 493–9. doi:10.1016/S0940-9602(02)80087-5. PMID 12392330.
Goyal, Tarang; Bakshi, SK; Varshney, Anupam (2012). "Seven nipples in a male: World′s second case report". Indian Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (3): 373–5. doi:10.4103/0971-6866.108051 (inactive 9 March 2024). PMC 3656534. PMID 23716953.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
Teplica, David; Kovich, Grant; Srock, Jamey; Whitaker, Robert; Jeffers, Eileen; Wagstaff, David A. (14 October 2021). "Newly Identified Gross Human Anatomy: Eight Paired Vestigial Breast Mounds Run along the Embryological Mammary Ridges in Lean Adults". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. 9 (10): e3863. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000003863. ISSN 2169-7574. PMC 8517303. PMID 34667697.
Laura Spinney (2008), "Remnants of evolution", New Scientist, 198 (2656): 42–45, doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(08)61231-2
Straus, C.; Vasilakos, K.; Wilson, R. J. A.; Oshima, T.; Zelter, M.; Derenne, J-Ph.; Similowski, T.; Whitelaw, W. A. (2003). "A phylogenetic hypothesis for the origin of hiccough". BioEssays. 25 (2): 182–8. doi:10.1002/bies.10224. PMID 12539245.
Ohta, Yuriko; Nishikimi, Morimitsu (1999). "Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for l-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in l-ascorbic acid biosynthesis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1472 (1–2): 408–11. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3. PMID 10572964.
Nishikimi M, Fukuyama R, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Yagi K (6 May 1994). "Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in man". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (18): 13685–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36884-9. PMID 8175804.

dtic.mil

Edwards, William E., The Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Thorax and Brachium of an Adult Female Chimpanzee,6571st Aeromedical Research Laboratory, New Mexico, 1965. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/462433.pdf Archived 11 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Bair, J. H. (1901). "Development of voluntary control". Psychological Review. 8 (5): 474–510. doi:10.1037/h0074157. hdl:2027/mdp.39015070189314.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Randal Bollinger, R.; Barbas, Andrew S.; Bush, Errol L.; Lin, Shu S.; Parker, William (2007). "Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 249 (4): 826–31. Bibcode:2007JThBi.249..826R. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.08.032. PMID 17936308.
Pereira, T. V.; Salzano, F. M.; Mostowska, A.; Trzeciak, W. H.; Ruiz-Linares, A.; Chies, J. A. B.; Saavedra, C.; Nagamachi, C.; Hurtado, A. M.; Hill, K.; Castro-De-Guerra, D.; Silva-Junior, W. A.; Bortolini, M.-C. (2006). "Natural selection and molecular evolution in primate PAX9 gene, a major determinant of tooth development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (15): 5676–81. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.5676P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509562103. PMC 1458632. PMID 16585527.

jstor.org

Macalister, Alexander (1875). "Additional Observations on Muscular Anomalies in Human Anatomy. (Third Series) With a Catalogue of the Principal Muscular Variations Hitherto Published". The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 25: 1–134. JSTOR 30079154.

livescience.com

Charles Q. Choi, "The Appendix: Useful and in Fact Promising", Live Science, 2009, Appendix has useful function

meritnation.com

"Difference between rudimentary and vestigial organ - Biology - Evolution - 11741123 | Meritnation.com". www.meritnation.com. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Koerth-Baker, Maggie (30 July 2009). "Vestigial Organs Not So Useless After All". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2013.

nbcnews.com

"Appendix may be useful after all – Health – Health care – More health news – NBC News". NBC News.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kooij IA, Sahami S, Meijer SL, Buskens CJ, Te Velde AA (October 2016). "The immunology of the vermiform appendix: a review of the literature". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 186 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/cei.12821. PMC 5011360. PMID 27271818.
Randal Bollinger, R.; Barbas, Andrew S.; Bush, Errol L.; Lin, Shu S.; Parker, William (2007). "Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 249 (4): 826–31. Bibcode:2007JThBi.249..826R. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.08.032. PMID 17936308.
Smith, H. F.; Fisher, R. E.; Everett, M. L.; Thomas, A. D.; Randal Bollinger, R.; Parker, W. (2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (10): 1984–99. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x. PMID 19678866.
Biswanath Mukhopadhyay, Ram M. Shukla, Madhumita Mukhopadhyay, Kartik C. Mandal, Pankaj Haldar, & Abhijit Benare (2012), "Spectrum of human tails: A report of six cases", Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 17 (1): 23–25, doi:10.4103/0971-9261.91082, PMC 3263034, PMID 22279360{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Saraga-Babić, Mirna; Lehtonen, Eero; Švajger, Anton; Wartiovaara, Jorma (1994). "Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of axial structures in the transitory human tail". Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 176 (3): 277–86. doi:10.1016/S0940-9602(11)80496-6. PMID 8059973.
Fallon, John F.; Simandl, B. Kay (1978). "Evidence of a role for cell death in the disappearance of the embryonic human tail". American Journal of Anatomy. 152 (1): 111–29. doi:10.1002/aja.1001520108. PMID 677043.
Dao, Anh H.; Netsky, Martin G. (1984). "Human tails and pseudotails". Human Pathology. 15 (5): 449–53. doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(84)80079-9. PMID 6373560.
Dubrow, Terry J.; Wackym, Phillip Ashley; Lesavoy, Malcolm A. (1988). "Detailing the Human Tail". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 20 (4): 340–4. doi:10.1097/00000637-198804000-00009. PMID 3284435.
Spiegelmann, Roberto; Schinder, Edgardo; Mintz, Mordejai; Blakstein, Alexander (1985). "The human tail: A benign stigma". Journal of Neurosurgery. 63 (3): 461–2. doi:10.3171/jns.1985.63.3.0461. PMID 3894599.
Rozkovcová, E; Marková, M; Dolejsí, J (1999). "Studies on agenesis of third molars amongst populations of different origin". Sbornik Lekarsky. 100 (2): 71–84. PMID 11220165.
Pereira, T. V.; Salzano, F. M.; Mostowska, A.; Trzeciak, W. H.; Ruiz-Linares, A.; Chies, J. A. B.; Saavedra, C.; Nagamachi, C.; Hurtado, A. M.; Hill, K.; Castro-De-Guerra, D.; Silva-Junior, W. A.; Bortolini, M.-C. (2006). "Natural selection and molecular evolution in primate PAX9 gene, a major determinant of tooth development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (15): 5676–81. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.5676P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509562103. PMC 1458632. PMID 16585527.
Trotier, D.; Eloit, C; Wassef, M; Talmain, G; Bensimon, J. L.; Døving, K. B.; Ferrand, J (2000). "The Vomeronasal Cavity in Adult Humans". Chemical Senses. 25 (4): 369–80. doi:10.1093/chemse/25.4.369. PMID 10944499.
Kjær, Inger; Hansen, Birgit Fischer (1996). "The human vomeronasal organ: Prenatal developmental stages and distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone". European Journal of Oral Sciences. 104 (1): 34–40. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00043.x. PMID 8653495.
Smith, Timothy D.; Siegel, Michael I.; Bhatnagar, Kunwar P. (2001). "Reappraisal of the vomeronasal system of catarrhine primates: Ontogeny, morphology, functionality, and persisting questions". The Anatomical Record. 265 (4): 176–192. doi:10.1002/ar.1152. PMID 11519019.
Smith, Timothy D.; Bhatnagar, Kunwar P. (2000). "The human vomeronasal organ. Part II: Prenatal development". Journal of Anatomy. 197 (3): 421–436. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730421.x. PMC 1468143. PMID 11117628.
Won, J; Mair, E. A.; Bolger, W. E.; Conran, R. M. (2000). "The vomeronasal organ: an objective anatomic analysis of its prevalence". Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 79 (8): 600–605. doi:10.1177/014556130007900814. PMID 10969469.
Johnson, A.; Josephson, R.; Hawke, M. (1985). "Clinical and histological evidence for the presence of the vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ in adult humans". The Journal of Otolaryngology. 14 (2): 71–79. PMID 4068105.
Foltán, René; Šedý, Jiří (2009). "Behavioral changes of patients after orthognathic surgery develop on the basis of the loss of vomeronasal organ: a hypothesis". Head & Face Medicine. 5: 5. doi:10.1186/1746-160X-5-5. PMC 2653472. PMID 19161592.
Bhatnagar, Kunwar P.; Smith, Timothy D. (2001). "The human vomeronasal organ. III. Postnatal development from infancy to the ninth decade". Journal of Anatomy. 199 (Pt 3): 289–302. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19930289.x. PMC 1468331. PMID 11554506.
Bhatnagar, Kunwar P.; Kennedy, Ray C.; Baron, Georg; Greenberg, Richard A. (1987). "Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study". The Anatomical Record. 218 (1): 73–87. doi:10.1002/ar.1092180112. PMID 3605663. S2CID 25630359.
Witt, M.; Hummel, T. (2006). Vomeronasal Versus Olfactory Epithelium: Is There a Cellular Basis for Human Vomeronasal Perception?. International Review of Cytology. Vol. 248. pp. 209–259. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)48004-9. ISBN 978-0-12-364652-1. PMID 16487792.
Wysocki CJ, Preti G (November 2004). "Facts, fallacies, fears, and frustrations with human pheromones". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 281 (1): 1201–1211. doi:10.1002/ar.a.20125. PMID 15470677.
Montagna, W.; Machida, H.; Perkins, E. M. (1966). "The skin of primates. XXXIII. The skin of the angwantibo (Arctocebus calabarensis)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 25 (3): 277–90. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330250307. PMID 5971502.
Toerien, M. J.; Gous, A. E. (1978). "The orbital muscle of Müller". South African Medical Journal. 53 (4): 139–41. PMID 653491.
Hadjiathanasiou, C.G.; Brauner, R.; Lortat-Jacob, S.; Nivot, S.; Jaubert, F.; Fellous, M.; Nihoul-Fékété, C.; Rappaport, R. (1994). "True hermaphroditism: Genetic variants and clinical management". The Journal of Pediatrics. 125 (5): 738–744. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(06)80172-1. PMID 7965425.
Eren, Erdal; Edgünlü, Tuba; Asut, Emre; Karakaş Çelik, Sevim (2016). "Homozygous Ala65Pro Mutation with V89L Polymorphism in SRD5A2 Deficiency". Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 8 (2): 218–223. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.2495. PMC 5096479. PMID 26761946.
Basaran, Mustafa; Usal, Deniz; Aydemir, Cumhur (2009). "Hymen Sparing Surgery for Imperforate Hymen: Case Reports and Review of Literature". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 22 (4): e61–64. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2008.03.009. PMID 19646660.
Collier, Roger (22 November 2011). "Vital or vestigial? The foreskin has its fans and foes". CMAJ. 183 (17): 1963–1964. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4014. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 3225416. PMID 22025652.
Guerra, Aldo Benjamin; Metzinger, Stephen Eric; Metzinger, Rebecca Crawford; Xie, Chen; Xie, Yue; Rigby, Peter Lister; Naugle, Thomas (2004). "Variability of the Postauricular Muscle Complex". Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery. 6 (5): 342–7. doi:10.1001/archfaci.6.5.342. PMID 15381582.
Tamatsu, Yuichi; Tsukahara, Kazue; Hotta, Mitsuyuki; Shimada, Kazuyuki (2007). "Vestiges of vibrissal capsular muscles exist in the human upper lip". Clinical Anatomy. 20 (6): 628–31. doi:10.1002/ca.20497. PMID 17458869. S2CID 21055062.
Aversi-Ferreira, Roqueline A. G. M. F.; Bretas, Rafael Vieira; Maior, Rafael Souto; Davaasuren, Munkhzul; Paraguassú-Chaves, Carlos Alberto; Nishijo, Hisao; Aversi-Ferreira, Tales Alexandre (2014). "Morphometric and Statistical Analysis of the Palmaris Longus Muscle in Human and Non-Human Primates". BioMed Research International. 2014: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2014/178906. PMC 4016873. PMID 24860810.
Kapoor, Sudhir K.; Tiwari, Akshay; Kumar, Abhishek; Bhatia, Rajesh; Tantuway, Vinay; Kapoor, Saurabh (2008). "Clinical relevance of palmaris longus agenesis: Common anatomical aberration". Anatomical Science International. 83 (1): 45–8. doi:10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00199.x. PMID 18402087. S2CID 25324691.
Sebastin, S; Lim, A; Bee, W; Wong, T; Methil, B (2005). "Does the absence of the palmaris longus affect grip and pinch strength?". The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand. 30 (4): 406–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.03.011. PMID 15935531. S2CID 35394120.
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