Humanism (English Wikipedia)

Copson 2015, pp. 1. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Mann 1996; Copson 2015, pp. 1–2. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Copson 2015, pp. 1–2; Fowler 1999, pp. 18–19. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Davies 1997, p. 9. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Davies 1997, pp. 9–10. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Copson 2015, pp. 3–4. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Davies 1997, p. 3–5. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Hook 1974, pp. 31–33. Hook, Sidney (1974). "The snare of definitions". In Paul Kurtz (ed.). The Humanist Alternative: Some Definitions of Humanism. Pemberton. ISBN 978-0-87975-013-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
Blackham 1974, pp. 35–37. Blackham, H. J. (1974). "A definition of humanism". In Paul Kurtz (ed.). The Humanist Alternative: Some Definitions of Humanism. Pemberton. ISBN 978-0-87975-013-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
Fowler 1999, p. 9. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Copson 2015, pp. 6–24. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Cherry 2009, p. 26. Cherry, Matt (2009). "The Humanist Tradition". In Heiko Spitzeck (ed.). Humanism in Business. Shiban Khan, Ernst von Kimakowitz, Michael Pirson, Wolfgang Amann. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–51. ISBN 978-0-521-89893-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
Law 2011, chapter History of Humanism, #Ancient Greece; Freeman 2015See also Foreword of the book, p xi; Lamont 1997, p. 68; Davies 1997, p. 9. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021. Freeman, Charles R (2015). "Humanism in the Classical World". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 119–132. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Law 2011, chapter History of Humanism, #Ancient Greece:According to Law "Three early Greek philosophers – Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes – are of particular interest. The manner in which these Milesian philosophers thought critically and independently, largely putting aside mythological and religious explanations and instead attempting to develop their own ideas and theories grounded in observation and reason, obviously makes them particularly important from a humanist point of view. They collectively exhibit several of the key ideas and values of humanism." In the next paragraph, he also mentions presocratic philosopher, Protagoras.; Lamont 1997, p. 41–42:Lamont cites Thales, Anaximander and Heraclitus for leaning towards materialism and naturalism but, for Lamont, the first solid materialist philosopher was Democritus with his atomic theory; Barnes 1987, pp. 17–18; Curd 2020:Scholar Jonothan Banres writes: "First, and most simply, the Presocratics invented the very idea of science and philosophy. They hit upon that special way of looking at the world which is the scientific or rational way. They saw the world as something ordered and intelligible, its history following an explicable course and its different parts arranged in some comprehensible system. The world was not a random collection of bits, its history was not an arbitrary series of events. Still less was it a series of events determined by the will- or the caprice – of the gods." See whole subchapter "First philosophy" pp 17–25 Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Barnes, Jonathan (1987). Early Greek Philosophy. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044461-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022. Curd, Patricia (2020). "Presocratic Philosophy". In Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
Law 2011, chapter History of Humanism, #Ancient Greece ":fragment (80B4 DK)" Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Lamont 1997, pp. 34–35; Freeman 2015, pp. 124–125. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Freeman, Charles R (2015). "Humanism in the Classical World". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 119–132. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Lamont 1997, pp. 34–35. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Law 2011, chapter History of Humanism, #Ancient Greece. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Grayling 2015, p. 87; Crosson 2020, p. 4. Grayling, A.C. (2015). "The Good and Worthwhile Life". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 87–84. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Crosson, J. Brent (2020). "Humanism and Enlightenment". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Pemberton. pp. 1–35. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.33. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
Goodman 2003, p. 155; Ljamai 2015, pp. 153–56. Goodman, Lenn E. (2003). Islamic Humanism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-988500-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021. Ljamai, Abdelilah (2015). "Humanistic Thought in the Islamic World of the Middle Ages". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 153–169. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Mann 1996, pp. 14–15. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
Mann 1996, p. 8. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
Mann 1996, p. 8; Monfasani 2020, p. 1. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021. Monfasani, John (2020). "Humanism and the Renaissance". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–175. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.30. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Mann 1996, pp. 8–14:Mann writes "This enthusiasm is reflected in his search for new texts, first manifested in a journey to the north in 1333, when he found a manuscript of Cicero's forgotten Pro Archia in Liege, and one of Propertius in Paris, stemming from the 13th-century scholar Richard of Fournival. Both these texts he studied assiduously and transmitted to posterity with his annotations and emendations, as he did also with De chorographia of Pomponius Mel"; Monfasani 2020, pp. 8–10:Both Mann and Monfasani note that Petrarch failed his attempt to learn Greek, he was not the actual translator of ancient texts. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021. Monfasani, John (2020). "Humanism and the Renaissance". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–175. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.30. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Mann 1996, pp. 8–14. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
Kristeller 2008, p. 114. Kristeller, Paul Oskar (2008). "Humanism". In C. B. Schmitt; Quentin Skinner; Eckhard Kessler; Jill Kraye (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–138. ISBN 978-1-139-82748-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
Fowler 1999, p. 16. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Fowler 1999, pp. 16–18. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Fowler 1999, p. 18. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Lamont 1997, p. 74. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Lamont 1997, p. 45. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Davies 1997, p. 25. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Davies 1997, pp. 108–09. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Davies 1997, pp. 26–30. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Law 2011, p. 36. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Lamont 1997, p. 75. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Law 2011, p. 37. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Law 2011, p. 39. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Morain & Morain 1998, p. 100. Morain, Lloyd; Morain, Mary (1998). Humanism as the Next Step. Humanist Press. ISBN 978-0-931779-09-1. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
Wilson 1974, p. 15; Copson 2015, pp. 3–4. Wilson, Edwin H. (1974). "Humanism's many definitions". In Paul Kurtz (ed.). The Humanist Alternative: Some Definitions of Humanism. Pemberton. ISBN 978-0-87975-013-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2021. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Fowler 1999, p. 20. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Mann 1996, pp. 1–2. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
Norman 2004, p. 14. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Copson 2015, pp. 2–3. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Wilson 1974, pp. 15–16. Wilson, Edwin H. (1974). "Humanism's many definitions". In Paul Kurtz (ed.). The Humanist Alternative: Some Definitions of Humanism. Pemberton. ISBN 978-0-87975-013-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
Wilson 1974, p. 16. Wilson, Edwin H. (1974). "Humanism's many definitions". In Paul Kurtz (ed.). The Humanist Alternative: Some Definitions of Humanism. Pemberton. ISBN 978-0-87975-013-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
Copson 2015, p. 2. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Fowler 1999, pp. 21–22. Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1999). Humanism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-70-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
Lamont 1997, pp. 28–29; Davies 1997, pp. 56–57. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Davies, Tony (1997). Humanism. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-11052-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Wilson 1974, p. 15. Wilson, Edwin H. (1974). "Humanism's many definitions". In Paul Kurtz (ed.). The Humanist Alternative: Some Definitions of Humanism. Pemberton. ISBN 978-0-87975-013-8. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
Law 2015, p. 55. Law, Stephen (2015). "Science, Reason, and Scepticism". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 55–71. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Law 2015, p. 58. Law, Stephen (2015). "Science, Reason, and Scepticism". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 55–71. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Law 2015, p. 57. Law, Stephen (2015). "Science, Reason, and Scepticism". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 55–71. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Law 2015, pp. 57–61. Law, Stephen (2015). "Science, Reason, and Scepticism". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 55–71. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Nida-Rümelin 2009, p. 17. Nida-Rümelin, Julian (2009). "Philosophical grounds of humanism in economics". In Heiko Spitzeck (ed.). Humanism in Business. Shiban Khan, Ernst von Kimakowitz, Michael Pirson, Wolfgang Amann. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89893-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
Norman 2004, p. 104. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Nida-Rümelin 2009, pp. 16–17. Nida-Rümelin, Julian (2009). "Philosophical grounds of humanism in economics". In Heiko Spitzeck (ed.). Humanism in Business. Shiban Khan, Ernst von Kimakowitz, Michael Pirson, Wolfgang Amann. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89893-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
Dierksmeier 2011, p. 79; Rohlf 2020, Morality and freedom. Dierksmeier, Claus (2011). "Kant's Humanist Ethics". In C. Dierksmeier; W. Amann; E. Von Kimakowitz; H. Spitzeck; M. Pirson; Ernst Von Kimakowitz (eds.). Humanistic Ethics in the Age of Globality. Springer. pp. 79–93. ISBN 978-0-230-31413-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2021. Rohlf, Michael (2020). Edward N. Zalta (ed.). "Immanuel Kant". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
Lamont 1997, p. 248. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Norman 2004, pp. 98–105; Shook 2015, p. 406. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Shook 2015, pp. 421–422. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Shook 2015, pp. 407–408. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Shook 2015, pp. 407–410 & 421. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Copson 2015, pp. 21–22. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Law 2011, Humanism and morality. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Norman 2004, p. 86. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2004, p. 86; Shook 2015, pp. 404–05. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2004, pp. 89–90. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2004, pp. 88–89; Shook 2015, p. 405. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2004, pp. 87–88; Shook 2015, p. 405. Norman, Richard (2004). On Humanism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70659-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Shook, John R (2015). "Humanism, Moral Relativism, and Ethical Objectivity". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 403–425. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Law 2015, Humanism and secularism. Law, Stephen (2015). "Science, Reason, and Scepticism". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 55–71. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Copson 2015, p. 25. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Copson 2015, pp. 25–28: Stephen Law makes a similar argument in Humanism, a Very Short Introduction (2011) at page 23 Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2015, pp. 326–28. Norman, Richard (2015). "Life Without Meaning?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 325–246. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2015, p. 341. Norman, Richard (2015). "Life Without Meaning?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 325–246. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Norman 2015, pp. 334–35. Norman, Richard (2015). "Life Without Meaning?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 325–246. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Copson 2015, p. 15. Copson, Andrew (2015). "What is Humanism?". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–72. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Law 2011, Chapter: The meaning of life, part: Humanism and the meaning of life. Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Haworth 2015, pp. 255–256. Haworth, Alan (2015). "Humanism and the Political Order". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 255–279. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
Haworth 2015, pp. 259–261. Haworth, Alan (2015). "Humanism and the Political Order". In A. C. Grayling (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. Andrew Copson. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 255–279. ISBN 978-1-119-97717-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
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Mann 1996, pp. 8–14:Mann writes "This enthusiasm is reflected in his search for new texts, first manifested in a journey to the north in 1333, when he found a manuscript of Cicero's forgotten Pro Archia in Liege, and one of Propertius in Paris, stemming from the 13th-century scholar Richard of Fournival. Both these texts he studied assiduously and transmitted to posterity with his annotations and emendations, as he did also with De chorographia of Pomponius Mel"; Monfasani 2020, pp. 8–10:Both Mann and Monfasani note that Petrarch failed his attempt to learn Greek, he was not the actual translator of ancient texts. Mann, Nicholas (1996). "The origins of humanism". In Jill Kraye (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43624-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2021. Monfasani, John (2020). "Humanism and the Renaissance". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–175. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.30. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Monfasani 2020, p. 8: That was the reason Cicero was named as the grandfather of humanism by classicist scholar Berthold Ullman. Monfasani, John (2020). "Humanism and the Renaissance". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–175. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.30. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Monfasani 2020, pp. 9–10:Other notable humanists were Poggio Bracciolini and Niccolò Niccoli Monfasani, John (2020). "Humanism and the Renaissance". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–175. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.30. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
Monfasani 2020:"The two most fundamental aspects of the victory of Renaissance Humanism was its conquest of pre-university education and its concomitant success in changing the consciousness of educated Western society". Monfasani, John (2020). "Humanism and the Renaissance". In Anthony B. Pinn (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Humanism. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–175. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921538.013.30. ISBN 978-0-19-092153-8. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
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Law 2011, chapter History of Humanism, #Ancient Greece:According to Law "Three early Greek philosophers – Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes – are of particular interest. The manner in which these Milesian philosophers thought critically and independently, largely putting aside mythological and religious explanations and instead attempting to develop their own ideas and theories grounded in observation and reason, obviously makes them particularly important from a humanist point of view. They collectively exhibit several of the key ideas and values of humanism." In the next paragraph, he also mentions presocratic philosopher, Protagoras.; Lamont 1997, p. 41–42:Lamont cites Thales, Anaximander and Heraclitus for leaning towards materialism and naturalism but, for Lamont, the first solid materialist philosopher was Democritus with his atomic theory; Barnes 1987, pp. 17–18; Curd 2020:Scholar Jonothan Banres writes: "First, and most simply, the Presocratics invented the very idea of science and philosophy. They hit upon that special way of looking at the world which is the scientific or rational way. They saw the world as something ordered and intelligible, its history following an explicable course and its different parts arranged in some comprehensible system. The world was not a random collection of bits, its history was not an arbitrary series of events. Still less was it a series of events determined by the will- or the caprice – of the gods." See whole subchapter "First philosophy" pp 17–25 Law, Stephen (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-161400-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021. Lamont, Corliss (1997). The Philosophy of Humanism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8044-6379-9. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Barnes, Jonathan (1987). Early Greek Philosophy. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044461-2. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022. Curd, Patricia (2020). "Presocratic Philosophy". In Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
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