Hygiene (English Wikipedia)

"Show Me the Science – How to Wash Your Hands". www.cdc.gov. 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 February 2020.
Centers for Disease Control (2 April 2020). "Handwashing Facts". cdc.gov.

channel4.com (Global: 706^th place; English: 437^th place)

"Roman bath houses". Time Team. Channel Four Television Corporation. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007.

colgate.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Brushing & Flossing: Technique & Choosing Dental Products". www.colgate.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-20. Retrieved 2018-04-15.

cushelle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cushelle. "10 Important Bathroom Rules – With Printable Toilet Rules!". Cushelle. Retrieved 2024-07-23.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (2008). "Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 98 (8): 1372–1381. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610. hdl:2027.42/61196. PMC 2446461. PMID 18556606.
Huang C, Ma W, Stack S (August 2012). "The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods: a review of the evidence". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (8): 791–8. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019. PMC 3538484. PMID 22656243.
Bloomfield SF, Aiello AE, Cookson B, O'Boyle C, Larson EL (December 2007). "The effectiveness of hand hygiene procedures in reducing the risks of infections in home and community settings including hand washing and alcohol-based hand sanitizers". American Journal of Infection Control. 35 (10): S27 – S64. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.001. PMC 7115270.
Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (August 2008). "Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 98 (8): 1372–1381. doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.124610. ISSN 0090-0036.
Saad-Hussein A, Ibrahim KS (2019), Laher I (ed.), "Health Impact of Airborne Fungi", Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–16, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74365-3_59-1, ISBN 978-3-319-74365-3, retrieved 2024-07-23
Larson EL, Lin SX, Gomez-Pichardo C (2004). "Predictors of infectious disease symptoms in inner city households". Nurs Res. 53 (3): 190–97. doi:10.1097/00006199-200405000-00006. PMID 15167507. S2CID 46126212.
Maillard JY, Bloomfield SF, Courvalin P, Essack SY, Gandra S, Gerba CP, Rubino JR, Scott EA (September 2020). "Reducing antibiotic prescribing and addressing the global problem of antibiotic resistance by targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings: A position paper". American Journal of Infection Control. 48 (9): 1090–1099. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.04.011. PMC 7165117. PMID 32311380.
Pickering AJ, Davis J, Boehm AB (2011-09-01). "Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (3): 429–433. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..429P. doi:10.2166/wh.2011.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21976190. S2CID 11800640.
Raphael S, Blinkhorn A (25 September 2015). "Is there a place for Tooth Mousse® in the prevention and treatment of early dental caries? A systematic review". BMC Oral Health. 15 (1): 113. doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0095-6. PMC 4583988. PMID 26408042.
Irish LA, Kline CE, Gunn HE, Buysse DJ, Hall MH (October 2014). "The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 22: 23–36. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001. PMC 4400203. PMID 25454674.
Rook G (11 March 2010). "99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Darwinian medicine and the 'hygiene' or 'old friends' hypothesis". Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 160 (1): 70–79. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04133.x. PMC 2841838. PMID 20415854. The scientific establishment is slowly beginning to accept evidence for the involvement of specific organisms (for example, hepatitis A virus, gut microbiota and helminths) in the regulation of the immune system.
- Curtis V, Cairncross S (2003). "Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhea risk in the community: a systematic review". Lancet Infectious Diseases. 3 (5): 275–81. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00606-6. PMID 12726975.
- - Luby S, Agboatalla M, Feikin DR, Painter J, Billhimmer W, Atref A, Hoekstra RM (2005). "Effect of hand-washing on child health: a randomized control trial". Lancet. 366 (9481): 225–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66912-7. PMID 16023513. S2CID 13024434.
  - Ajanal M, Nayak S, Prasad BS, Kadam A (2013-10-23). "Adverse drug reaction and concepts of drug safety in Ayurveda: An overview". Journal of Young Pharmacists. 5 (4): 116–120. doi:10.1016/j.jyp.2013.10.001 (inactive 2 September 2025). ISSN 0975-1483. PMC 3930110. PMID 24563588.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2025 (link)
  - Majeed A (22 December 2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
  europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)
  eea.europa.eu
  - "environmental hygiene — European Environment Agency". www.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  ecdc.europa.eu
  - "Recommendations for future collaboration between the U.S. and EU" (PDF). Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-08.
  fooddocs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Food Safety Definition & Why is Food Safety Important". fooddocs.com. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
  gatesfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Water Sanitation and Hygiene". Bill & Melinda Gates foundation. 2001. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
  globalhandwashing.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "History". Global Handwashing Partnership. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  godecookery.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - Matterer JL. "Daily Life". Gode Cookery: Tales of the Middle Ages. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)
  hdl.handle.net
  - Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (2008). "Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 98 (8): 1372–1381. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610. hdl:2027.42/61196. PMC 2446461. PMID 18556606.
  hansgrohe.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Hygiene in the Kitchen". www.hansgrohe.com. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  hartmann-science-center.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Surface Hygiene | HARTMANN SCIENCE CENTER". www.hartmann-science-center.com. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)
  ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
  - Pickering AJ, Davis J, Boehm AB (2011-09-01). "Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (3): 429–433. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..429P. doi:10.2166/wh.2011.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21976190. S2CID 11800640.
  healthdirect.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - Australia H (2023-10-31). "Personal hygiene". www.healthdirect.gov.au. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  humanitarianglobal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Types of Hygiene – Humanitarian Global". Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  hygieneforhealth.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Around home – household hygiene – Hygiene for Health". Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  ifh-homehygiene.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - Bloomfield SF, Exner M, Fara GM, Nath KJ, Scott EA, Van der Voorden C (2009). "The global burden of hygiene-related diseases in relation to the home and community". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - Developing and promoting hygiene in home and everyday life to meet 21st Century needs (PDF). the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene. July 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-05-17.
  - Bloomfield SF, Exner M, Signorelli C, Nath KJ, Scott EA (2012). "The chain of infection transmission in the home and everyday life settings, and the role of hygiene in reducing the risk of infection". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - Beumer R, Bloomfield SF, Exner M, Fara GM, Nath KJ, Scott EA (2008). "Hygiene procedures in the home and their effectiveness: a review of the scientific evidence base". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - Bloomfield SF, Exner M, Signorelli C, Nath KJ, Scott EA (2011). "The infection risks associated with clothing and household linens in home and everyday life settings, and the role of laundry". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - Bloomfield SF (2013). "Spread of Antibiotic Resistant Strains in the Home and Community". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - Bloomfield SF, Cookson BD, Falkiner FR, Griffith C, Cleary V (2006). "Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in the home and community: assessing the problem, controlling the spread". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - Bloomfield SF, Exner M, Signorelli C, Scott EA (2013). "Effectiveness of laundering processes used in domestic (home) settings". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
  - "Clothing, household linens, laundry and hygiene Factsheet". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene. 2013.
    "Home Hygiene: Prevention of infection at home and in everyday life: a learning and training resource". Home Hygiene & Health. 2018. Archived from the original on 2022-07-02.
    "Cleaning and disinfection: Chemical Disinfectants Explained". Home Hygiene & Health. 2014.
    Stanwell Smith R, Bloomfield SF, Rook GA (2012). "The Hygiene Hypothesis and its Implications for Home Hygiene, Lifestyle and Public Health". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
    Bloomfield SF, Nath KJ (2009). "Use of ash and mud for hand-washing in low income communities". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
    "Guidelines for the prevention of infection and cross-infection in the domestic environment: focus on home hygiene issues in developing countries". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene. 2002.
    Nath KJ, Bloomfield S, Jones M (2006). "Household water storage, handling and point-of-use treatment". International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.
    islamicspain.tv (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Lebling RW Jr (July–August 2003). "Flight of the Blackbird". Saudi Aramco World: 24–33. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
    iwaponline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Pickering AJ, Davis J, Boehm AB (2011-09-01). "Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (3): 429–433. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..429P. doi:10.2166/wh.2011.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21976190. S2CID 11800640.
    lboro.ac.uk (Global: 4,065^th place; English: 3,349^th place)
    Ensink J (2006). "Health impact of handwashing with soap". WELL. Archived from the original on 2010-06-19.
    lessonotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    "Proper use of the toilet". lessonotes.com. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
    medicinenet.com (Global: 3,840^th place; English: 3,358^th place)
    Stöppler MC. "How to Remove Ear Wax". MedicineNet.
    medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,581^st place; English: 1,299^th place)
    "Healthy Sleep". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
    middle-ages.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)
    "Middle Ages Hygiene". middle-ages.org.uk.
    mouthhealthy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
    "Brushing Your Teeth". mouthhealthy. American Dental Association.
    napervillemagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Kleist MK (2013-04-01). "Wait, Before You Brush — Why Brushing your Teeth After Eating Could be Bad for You". Naperville Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
    nhs.uk (Global: 1,989^th place; English: 1,528^th place)
    "How to keep your teeth clean". NHS. 26 April 2018.
    nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)
    pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (2008). "Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 98 (8): 1372–1381. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610. hdl:2027.42/61196. PMC 2446461. PMID 18556606.
    Huang C, Ma W, Stack S (August 2012). "The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods: a review of the evidence". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (8): 791–8. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019. PMC 3538484. PMID 22656243.
    Larson EL, Lin SX, Gomez-Pichardo C (2004). "Predictors of infectious disease symptoms in inner city households". Nurs Res. 53 (3): 190–97. doi:10.1097/00006199-200405000-00006. PMID 15167507. S2CID 46126212.
    Maillard JY, Bloomfield SF, Courvalin P, Essack SY, Gandra S, Gerba CP, Rubino JR, Scott EA (September 2020). "Reducing antibiotic prescribing and addressing the global problem of antibiotic resistance by targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings: A position paper". American Journal of Infection Control. 48 (9): 1090–1099. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.04.011. PMC 7165117. PMID 32311380.
    Pickering AJ, Davis J, Boehm AB (2011-09-01). "Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (3): 429–433. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..429P. doi:10.2166/wh.2011.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21976190. S2CID 11800640.
    Raphael S, Blinkhorn A (25 September 2015). "Is there a place for Tooth Mousse® in the prevention and treatment of early dental caries? A systematic review". BMC Oral Health. 15 (1): 113. doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0095-6. PMC 4583988. PMID 26408042.
    Irish LA, Kline CE, Gunn HE, Buysse DJ, Hall MH (October 2014). "The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 22: 23–36. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001. PMC 4400203. PMID 25454674.
    Rook G (11 March 2010). "99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Darwinian medicine and the 'hygiene' or 'old friends' hypothesis". Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 160 (1): 70–79. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04133.x. PMC 2841838. PMID 20415854. The scientific establishment is slowly beginning to accept evidence for the involvement of specific organisms (for example, hepatitis A virus, gut microbiota and helminths) in the regulation of the immune system.
    Curtis V, Cairncross S (2003). "Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhea risk in the community: a systematic review". Lancet Infectious Diseases. 3 (5): 275–81. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00606-6. PMID 12726975.
    Luby S, Agboatalla M, Feikin DR, Painter J, Billhimmer W, Atref A, Hoekstra RM (2005). "Effect of hand-washing on child health: a randomized control trial". Lancet. 366 (9481): 225–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66912-7. PMID 16023513. S2CID 13024434.
    Ajanal M, Nayak S, Prasad BS, Kadam A (2013-10-23). "Adverse drug reaction and concepts of drug safety in Ayurveda: An overview". Journal of Young Pharmacists. 5 (4): 116–120. doi:10.1016/j.jyp.2013.10.001 (inactive 2 September 2025). ISSN 0975-1483. PMC 3930110. PMID 24563588.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2025 (link)
    Majeed A (22 December 2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (2008). "Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 98 (8): 1372–1381. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610. hdl:2027.42/61196. PMC 2446461. PMID 18556606.
    Huang C, Ma W, Stack S (August 2012). "The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods: a review of the evidence". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (8): 791–8. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019. PMC 3538484. PMID 22656243.
    Bloomfield SF, Aiello AE, Cookson B, O'Boyle C, Larson EL (December 2007). "The effectiveness of hand hygiene procedures in reducing the risks of infections in home and community settings including hand washing and alcohol-based hand sanitizers". American Journal of Infection Control. 35 (10): S27 – S64. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.001. PMC 7115270.
    Maillard JY, Bloomfield SF, Courvalin P, Essack SY, Gandra S, Gerba CP, Rubino JR, Scott EA (September 2020). "Reducing antibiotic prescribing and addressing the global problem of antibiotic resistance by targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings: A position paper". American Journal of Infection Control. 48 (9): 1090–1099. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.04.011. PMC 7165117. PMID 32311380.
    Raphael S, Blinkhorn A (25 September 2015). "Is there a place for Tooth Mousse® in the prevention and treatment of early dental caries? A systematic review". BMC Oral Health. 15 (1): 113. doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0095-6. PMC 4583988. PMID 26408042.
    Irish LA, Kline CE, Gunn HE, Buysse DJ, Hall MH (October 2014). "The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 22: 23–36. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001. PMC 4400203. PMID 25454674.
    Rook G (11 March 2010). "99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Darwinian medicine and the 'hygiene' or 'old friends' hypothesis". Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 160 (1): 70–79. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04133.x. PMC 2841838. PMID 20415854. The scientific establishment is slowly beginning to accept evidence for the involvement of specific organisms (for example, hepatitis A virus, gut microbiota and helminths) in the regulation of the immune system.
    Ajanal M, Nayak S, Prasad BS, Kadam A (2013-10-23). "Adverse drug reaction and concepts of drug safety in Ayurveda: An overview". Journal of Young Pharmacists. 5 (4): 116–120. doi:10.1016/j.jyp.2013.10.001 (inactive 2 September 2025). ISSN 0975-1483. PMC 3930110. PMID 24563588.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2025 (link)
    Majeed A (22 December 2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
    nidcr.nih.gov
    "Oral Hygiene | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research". www.nidcr.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
    psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)
    sites.psu.edu
    "Hanging your clothes under sun OR using laundry dryer". SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Controversy. 2015-10-21. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
    pwtw.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Pedersen KS (1999). "Is the Church of Ethiopia a Judaic Church?" (PDF). Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne. 12 (2): 203–216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
    researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)
    Ikpoh I, Lennox J, Agbo B, Udoekong N, Ekpo I, Iyam S (January 2012). "Comparative studies on the effect of locally made black soap and conventional medicated soaps on isolated human skin microflora". Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research. 2 (4): 533–537 – via ResearchGate.
    sahealth.sa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)
    "Environmental hygiene in healthcare". Government of South Australia. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
    semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)
    api.semanticscholar.org
    Larson EL, Lin SX, Gomez-Pichardo C (2004). "Predictors of infectious disease symptoms in inner city households". Nurs Res. 53 (3): 190–97. doi:10.1097/00006199-200405000-00006. PMID 15167507. S2CID 46126212.
    Pickering AJ, Davis J, Boehm AB (2011-09-01). "Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (3): 429–433. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..429P. doi:10.2166/wh.2011.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21976190. S2CID 11800640.
    Luby S, Agboatalla M, Feikin DR, Painter J, Billhimmer W, Atref A, Hoekstra RM (2005). "Effect of hand-washing on child health: a randomized control trial". Lancet. 366 (9481): 225–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66912-7. PMID 16023513. S2CID 13024434.
    sulabhtoiletmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
    "Aryan Code of Toilets (2nd Century AD)". Sulabh International Museum of Toilets.
    thejanitorialstore.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    "Hygiene cleaning". The janitorial store.
    theworldofchinese.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Sun J (1 July 2021). "Bathing in Ancient Times". theworldofchinese.
    thoughtco.com (Global: 1,430^th place; English: 1,166^th place)
    Snell M. "Middle Ages Weddings and Hygiene". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 2017-01-30. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
    tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)
    perseus.tufts.edu
    Liddell HG, Scott R. "ὑγιεινός". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus.
    Liddell HG, Scott R. "ὑγιής". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus.
    Liddell HG, Scott R. "ὑγίεια". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus.
    undp.org (Global: 369^th place; English: 616^th place)
    "Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation". UNDP. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
    unicef.org (Global: 1,791^st place; English: 1,568^th place)
    "UNICEF Malawi". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
    Priadi CR, Putri GL, Foster T, Willetts J, Odagiri M (February 2022), Self-supply for safely managed water: To promote or to deter? (PDF)
    viewofchina.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Awen (30 April 2019). "Ancient Chinese Bath Culture". View of China.
    vlib.us (Global: low place; English: low place)
    Nelson LH. "The Great Famine and the Black Death – 1315–1317, 1346–1351". Lectures in Medieval History.
    web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)
    Developing and promoting hygiene in home and everyday life to meet 21st Century needs (PDF). the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene. July 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-05-17.
    "Recommendations for future collaboration between the U.S. and EU" (PDF). Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-08.
    "Home Hygiene: Prevention of infection at home and in everyday life: a learning and training resource". Home Hygiene & Health. 2018. Archived from the original on 2022-07-02.
    "Brushing & Flossing: Technique & Choosing Dental Products". www.colgate.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-20. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
    Kleist MK (2013-04-01). "Wait, Before You Brush — Why Brushing your Teeth After Eating Could be Bad for You". Naperville Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
    "The Medical Benefit of Daily Flossing Called Into Question". American Dental Association. Archived from the original on 2018-04-16.
    "Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation". UNDP. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
    "The global burden of disease: 2004 update". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on March 24, 2009.
    Ensink J (2006). "Health impact of handwashing with soap". WELL. Archived from the original on 2010-06-19.
    "Combating waterborne disease at the household level" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08.
    "Water quality interventions to prevent diarrhoea: Cost and cost-effectiveness". World Health Organization. 2008. Archived from the original on September 30, 2016.
    "Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters" (PDF). World Health Organisation. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-01.
    "Managing water in the home". World Health Organization. 2002. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016.
    Noriega Hernández JC (2004). El baño temascal novohispano, de Moctezuma a Revillagigedo. Reflexiones sobre prácticas de higiene y expresiones de sociabilidad (PDF) (Thesis) (in Mexican Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-06. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
    "Roman bath houses". Time Team. Channel Four Television Corporation. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007.
    Snell M. "Middle Ages Weddings and Hygiene". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 2017-01-30. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
    Lebling RW Jr (July–August 2003). "Flight of the Blackbird". Saudi Aramco World: 24–33. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
    McNeil I (1990). An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology. Taylor & Francis. pp. 203–205. ISBN 978-0-415-01306-2. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05.
    Pedersen KS (1999). "Is the Church of Ethiopia a Judaic Church?" (PDF). Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne. 12 (2): 203–216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
    who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)
    who.int
    "Environmental health". www.who.int. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
    "Hand Hygiene: How, Why & When" (PDF). World Health Organization.
    "Food safety". who.int. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
    "The global burden of disease: 2004 update". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on March 24, 2009.
    "Combating waterborne disease at the household level" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08.
    "Water quality interventions to prevent diarrhoea: Cost and cost-effectiveness". World Health Organization. 2008. Archived from the original on September 30, 2016.
    "Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters" (PDF). World Health Organisation. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-01.
    "Managing water in the home". World Health Organization. 2002. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016.
    afro.who.int
    "Hygiene: Overview". World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
    worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)
    search.worldcat.org
    Anderson PL, Lachan JP, eds. (2008). Hygiene and its role in health. New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60456-195-1. OCLC 181862629.
    WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2009. ISBN 978-92-4-159790-6. OCLC 854907565.
    Lelieveld H, Holah J, Napper D, eds. (2014). Hygiene in food processing: principles and practice (2nd ed.). Oxford: Woodhead. ISBN 978-0-85709-863-4. OCLC 870650548.
    Wood JP, ed. (2020). Containment in the pharmaceutical industry. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-07494-3. OCLC 1148475943.
    Geis PA, ed. (2020). Cosmetic microbiology: a practical approach (Third ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-52443-1. OCLC 1202989365.
    Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (August 2008). "Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 98 (8): 1372–1381. doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.124610. ISSN 0090-0036.
    Pickering AJ, Davis J, Boehm AB (2011-09-01). "Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (3): 429–433. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..429P. doi:10.2166/wh.2011.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21976190. S2CID 11800640.
    Ajanal M, Nayak S, Prasad BS, Kadam A (2013-10-23). "Adverse drug reaction and concepts of drug safety in Ayurveda: An overview". Journal of Young Pharmacists. 5 (4): 116–120. doi:10.1016/j.jyp.2013.10.001 (inactive 2 September 2025). ISSN 0975-1483. PMC 3930110. PMID 24563588.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2025 (link)
    Majeed A (22 December 2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
    Gregg P (1981). King Charles I. London: Dent. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-460-04437-0. OCLC 9944510.
    youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)
    "WHO: How to handwash? With soap and water". YouTube. 20 October 2015.
    
    2020-2023
    CC BY-SA 4.0
    Terms of use
    
    BestRef.net (ver. 1.02)
    
    BestRef shows popularity and reliability scores for sources in references of Wikipedia articles in different languages. Data extraction based on complex method using Wikimedia dumps. To find the most popular and reliable sources we used information about over 300 million references of Wikipedia articles. More details...
    
    Usefull links
    
    Wikipedia Wikidata DBpedia
    
    Go to top
    
    In Wikipedia verifiability we trust

Hygiene (English Wikipedia)

53.231 (Global: low place; English: low place)

148.206.53.231

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; English: 108th place)

academia.edu (Global: 121st place; English: 142nd place)

ada.org (Global: low place; English: 7,857th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218th place; English: 212th place)

channel4.com (Global: 706th place; English: 437th place)

colgate.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cushelle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

eea.europa.eu

ecdc.europa.eu

fooddocs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

gatesfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

globalhandwashing.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

godecookery.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

hansgrohe.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hartmann-science-center.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

healthdirect.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

humanitarianglobal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hygieneforhealth.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

ifh-homehygiene.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

islamicspain.tv (Global: low place; English: low place)

iwaponline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lboro.ac.uk (Global: 4,065th place; English: 3,349th place)

lessonotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

medicinenet.com (Global: 3,840th place; English: 3,358th place)

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,581st place; English: 1,299th place)

middle-ages.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

mouthhealthy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

napervillemagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nhs.uk (Global: 1,989th place; English: 1,528th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nidcr.nih.gov

psu.edu (Global: 207th place; English: 136th place)

sites.psu.edu

pwtw.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120th place; English: 125th place)

sahealth.sa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sulabhtoiletmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

thejanitorialstore.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

theworldofchinese.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

thoughtco.com (Global: 1,430th place; English: 1,166th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155th place; English: 138th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

undp.org (Global: 369th place; English: 616th place)

unicef.org (Global: 1,791st place; English: 1,568th place)

viewofchina.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

vlib.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

who.int (Global: 195th place; English: 302nd place)

who.int

afro.who.int

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

youtube.com (Global: 9th place; English: 13th place)

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; English: 142^nd place)

ada.org (Global: low place; English: 7,857^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

channel4.com (Global: 706^th place; English: 437^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

lboro.ac.uk (Global: 4,065^th place; English: 3,349^th place)

medicinenet.com (Global: 3,840^th place; English: 3,358^th place)

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,581^st place; English: 1,299^th place)

nhs.uk (Global: 1,989^th place; English: 1,528^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

thoughtco.com (Global: 1,430^th place; English: 1,166^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)

undp.org (Global: 369^th place; English: 616^th place)

unicef.org (Global: 1,791^st place; English: 1,568^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)