Hypergiant (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hypergiant" in English language version.

Last modified: 23:20:17, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

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10747adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

6741doi.org

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5332arxiv.org

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4227semanticscholar.org

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22worldcat.org

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11hdl.handle.net

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11uncg.edu

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6,221^st place

11msu.su

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11sci.news

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11esahubble.org

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11researchgate.net

96^th place

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jones, Terry (2025-04-18). "Red and Yellow Hypergiants". Galaxies. 13 (2): 43. arXiv:2507.15962. Bibcode:2025Galax..13...43J. doi:10.3390/galaxies13020043. ISSN 2075-4434.
de Jager, C. (1998). "The Yellow Hypergiants". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 8 (3): 145–180. Bibcode:1998A&ARv...8..145D. doi:10.1007/s001590050009. S2CID 189936279.
Cyril Georgy; Sylvia Ekström; Georges Meynet; Philip Massey; Levesque; Raphael Hirschi; Patrick Eggenberger; André Maeder (2012). "Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 542: A29. arXiv:1203.5243. Bibcode:2012A&A...542A..29G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118340. S2CID 119226014.
Brott, I.; Evans, C. J.; Hunter, I.; De Koter, A.; Langer, N.; Dufton, P. L.; Cantiello, M.; Trundle, C.; Lennon, D. J.; De Mink, S. E.; Yoon, S. -C.; Anders, P. (2011). "Rotating massive main-sequence stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A116. arXiv:1102.0766. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.116B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016114. S2CID 55534197.
Owocki, S. P.; Van Marle, Allard Jan (2007). "Luminous Blue Variables & Mass Loss near the Eddington Limit". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 3: 71–83. arXiv:0801.2519. Bibcode:2008IAUS..250...71O. doi:10.1017/S1743921308020358. S2CID 15032961.
Owocki, S. P.; Gayley, K. G.; Shaviv, N. J. (2004). "A porosity-length formalism for photon-tiring limited mass loss from stars above the Eddington limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 616 (1): 525–541. arXiv:astro-ph/0409573. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..525O. doi:10.1086/424910. S2CID 2331658.
Smith, N.; Owocki, S. P. (2006). "On the role of continuum driven eruptions in the evolution of very massive stars and population III stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (1): L45–L48. arXiv:astro-ph/0606174. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645L..45S. doi:10.1086/506523. S2CID 15424181.
Vink, J. S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
Langer, Norbert; Heger, Alexander; García-Segura, Guillermo (1998). Massive Stars: The Pre-Supernova Evolution of Internal and Circumstellar Structure. Reviews in Modern Astronomy. Vol. 11. p. 57. Bibcode:1998RvMA...11...57L.
Stothers, N.; Chin, C.-W. (1996). "Evolution of Massive Stars into Luminous Blue Variables and Wolf-Rayet stars for a range of metallicities". The Astrophysical Journal. 468: 842–850. Bibcode:1996ApJ...468..842S. doi:10.1086/177740.
De Jager, Cornelis (1998). "The yellow hypergiants". Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 8 (3): 145–180. Bibcode:1998A&ARv...8..145D. doi:10.1007/s001590050009. S2CID 189936279.
Vink, Jorick S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
Stothers, R. B.; Chin, C. W. (2001). "Yellow Hypergiants as Dynamically Unstable Post–Red Supergiant Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 560 (2): 934. Bibcode:2001ApJ...560..934S. doi:10.1086/322438. hdl:2060/20010083764.
Nieuwenhuijzen, H; de Jager, C (2000). "Checking the yellow evolutionary void. Three evolutionary critical Hypergiants: HD 33579, HR 8752 & IRC +10420". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 353: 163–176. Bibcode:2000A&A...353..163N.
Clark, J. S.; Castro, N.; Garcia, M.; Herrero, A.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Smith, K. T. (2012). "On the nature of candidate luminous blue variables in M 33". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A146. arXiv:1202.4409. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.146C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118440. S2CID 17900583.
Robberto, M.; Herbst, T. M. (1998). "Warm Dust around Blue Hypergiants: Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Luminous Blue Variable HD 168625". The Astrophysical Journal. 498 (1): 400–412. Bibcode:1998ApJ...498..400R. doi:10.1086/305519.
Humphreys, Roberta M.; Weis, Kerstin; Davidson, Kris; Bomans, D. J.; Burggraf, Birgitta (2014). "Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33. II. Luminous Blue Variables, Candidate LBVs, Fe II Emission Line Stars, and Other Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 790 (1): 48. arXiv:1407.2259. Bibcode:2014ApJ...790...48H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/48. S2CID 119177378.
Groh, Jose; Meynet, Georges; Ekstrom, Sylvia; Georgy, Cyril (2014). "The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 564: A30. arXiv:1401.7322. Bibcode:2014A&A...564A..30G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322573. S2CID 118870118.
Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Ekström, S. (2013). "Massive star evolution: Luminous blue variables as unexpected supernova progenitors". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 550: L7. arXiv:1301.1519. Bibcode:2013A&A...550L...7G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220741. S2CID 119227339.
Bianchi, Luciana; Bohlin, Ralph; Massey, Philip (2004). "The Ofpe/WN9 Stars in M33". The Astrophysical Journal. 601 (1): 228–241. arXiv:astro-ph/0310187. Bibcode:2004ApJ...601..228B. doi:10.1086/380485. S2CID 119371998.
Sterken, C.; de Groot, M.; van Genderen, A. M. (1998). "Cyclicities in the Light Variations of Luminzus Blue Variables II. R40 developing an S Doradus phase". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 333: 565. Bibcode:1998A&A...333..565S.
Van Genderen, A. M.; Sterken, C. (1999). "Light variations of massive stars (alpha Cygni variables). XVII. The LMC supergiants R 74 (LBV), R 78, HD 34664 = S 22 (B[e]/LBV), R 84 and R 116 (LBV?)". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 349: 537. Bibcode:1999A&A...349..537V.
Samus', N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. (2017). "General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085.
Skiff, B. A. (2014). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/Mk. Originally Published in: Lowell Observatory (October 2014). 1: B/mk. Bibcode:2014yCat....1.2023S.
Clark, J. S.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Howarth, I. D. (2012). "On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A145. arXiv:1202.3991. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.145C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117472. S2CID 11978733.
Kathryn F. Neugent; Philip Massey; Brian Skiff; Georges Meynet (April 2012). "Yellow and Red Supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds". Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 177. arXiv:1202.4225. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..177N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/177. S2CID 119180846.
Van Genderen, A. M.; Jones, A.; Sterken, C. (2006). "Light variations of alpha Cygni variables in the Magellanic Clouds". The Journal of Astronomical Data. 12: 4. Bibcode:2006JAD....12....4V.
Wolf, B.; Kaufer, A.; Rivinius, T.; Stahl, O.; Szeifert, T.; Tubbesing, S.; Schmid, H. M. (2000). "Spectroscopic Monitoring of Luminous Hot Stars of the Magellanic Clouds". Thermal and Ionization Aspects of Flows from Hot Stars. 204: 43. Bibcode:2000ASPC..204...43W.
Miroshnichenko, A. S.; Chentsov, E. L.; Klochkova, V. G. (2000). "AS314: A dusty A-type hypergiant" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 144 (3): 379. Bibcode:2000A&AS..144..379M. doi:10.1051/aas:2000216.
Stolovy, S. R.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Morris, M. R.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C. (2010). "Isolated Wolf-Rayet Stars and O Supergiants in the GalacticCenter Region Identified via Paschen-a Excess". The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 188–199. arXiv:1009.2769. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725..188M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/188. S2CID 20968628.
Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Crowther, P. A.; Goodwin, S. P. (2005). "On the massive stellar population of the super star cluster Westerlund 1". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 434 (3): 949. arXiv:astro-ph/0504342. Bibcode:2005A&A...434..949C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042413. S2CID 119042919.
Stickland, D. J. (1985). "IRAS observations of the cool galactic hypergiants". The Observatory. 105: 229. Bibcode:1985Obs...105..229S.
Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). "The Perkins Catalog of Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373.
Lagadec, E.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Verhoelst, T.; Cox, N. L. J.; Szczerba, R.; Mékarnia, D.; Van Winckel, H. (2011). "A double detached shell around a post-red supergiant: IRAS 17163-3907, the Fried Egg nebula". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 534: L10. arXiv:1109.5947. Bibcode:2011A&A...534L..10L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117521. S2CID 55754316.
Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, C. (2013). "IRAS 18357-0604 - an analogue of the galactic yellow hypergiant IRC +10420?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: A15. arXiv:1311.3956. Bibcode:2014A&A...561A..15C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322772. S2CID 53372226.
Keenan, P. C.; Pitts, R. E. (1980). "Revised MK spectral types for G, K, and M stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 42: 541. Bibcode:1980ApJS...42..541K. doi:10.1086/190662.
Jura, M.; Velusamy, T.; Werner, M. W. (2001). "What Next for the Likely Presupernova HD 179821?". The Astrophysical Journal. 556 (1): 408. arXiv:astro-ph/0103282. Bibcode:2001ApJ...556..408J. doi:10.1086/321553. S2CID 18053762.
Britavskiy, N. E.; Bonanos, A. Z.; Herrero, A.; Cerviño, M.; García-Álvarez, D.; Boyer, M. L.; Masseron, T.; Mehner, A.; McQuinn, K. B. W. (2019). "Physical parameters of red supergiants in dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 631: A95. arXiv:1909.13378. Bibcode:2019A&A...631A..95B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935212. S2CID 203593402.
Jones, Terry (2025). "Red and Yellow Hypergiants". Galaxies. 13 (2): 43. arXiv:2507.15962. Bibcode:2025Galax..13...43J. doi:10.3390/galaxies13020043.
Shenoy, Dinesh; Humphreys, Roberta M.; Jones, Terry J.; Marengo, Massimo; Gehrz, Robert D.; Helton, L. Andrew; Hoffmann, William F.; Skemer, Andrew J.; Hinz, Philip M. (2016). "SEARCHING FOR COOL DUST IN THE MID-TO-FAR INFRARED: THE MASS-LOSS HISTORIES OF THE HYPERGIANTS μ Cep, VY CMa, IRC+10420, AND ρ Cas". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (3): 51. arXiv:1512.01529. Bibcode:2016AJ....151...51S. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/3/51.
Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. S2CID 55509287.
Davies, B.; Figer, D. F.; Kudritzki, R. P.; MacKenty, J.; Najarro, F.; Herrero, A. (2007). "A Massive Cluster of Red Supergiants at the Base of the Scutum-Crux Arm". The Astrophysical Journal. 671 (1): 781–801. arXiv:0708.0821. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671..781D. doi:10.1086/522224. S2CID 1447781.
Tabernero, H. M.; Dorda, R.; Negueruela, I.; Marfil, E. (February 2021). "The nature of VX Sagitarii: Is it a TŻO, a RSG, or a high-mass AGB star?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 646: 13. arXiv:2011.09184. Bibcode:2021A&A...646A..98T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039236.
Keenan, Philip C. (1942-05-01). "Luminosities of the M-Type Variables of Small Range". The Astrophysical Journal. 95: 461. Bibcode:1942ApJ....95..461K. doi:10.1086/144418. ISSN 0004-637X.
Xu, Shuangjing; Zhang, Bo; Reid, Mark J; Menten, Karl M; Zheng, Xingwu; Wang, Guangli (2018). "The Parallax of the Red Hypergiant VX Sgr with Accurate Tropospheric Delay Calibration". The Astrophysical Journal. 859 (1): 14. arXiv:1804.00894. Bibcode:2018ApJ...859...14X. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabba6. S2CID 55572194.
Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W. (January 2012). "Distance and Kinematics of the Red Hypergiant VY CMa: VLBA and VLA Astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 744 (1): 23. arXiv:1109.3036. Bibcode:2012ApJ...744...23Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/23. S2CID 121202336.
Levesque, E. M.; Massey, P.; Plez, B.; Olsen, K. A. G. (2009). "The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4744. arXiv:0903.2260. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4744L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744. S2CID 18074349.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Jones, Terry (2025-04-18). "Red and Yellow Hypergiants". Galaxies. 13 (2): 43. arXiv:2507.15962. Bibcode:2025Galax..13...43J. doi:10.3390/galaxies13020043. ISSN 2075-4434.
Cyril Georgy; Sylvia Ekström; Georges Meynet; Philip Massey; Levesque; Raphael Hirschi; Patrick Eggenberger; André Maeder (2012). "Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 542: A29. arXiv:1203.5243. Bibcode:2012A&A...542A..29G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118340. S2CID 119226014.
Brott, I.; Evans, C. J.; Hunter, I.; De Koter, A.; Langer, N.; Dufton, P. L.; Cantiello, M.; Trundle, C.; Lennon, D. J.; De Mink, S. E.; Yoon, S. -C.; Anders, P. (2011). "Rotating massive main-sequence stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A116. arXiv:1102.0766. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.116B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016114. S2CID 55534197.
Owocki, S. P.; Van Marle, Allard Jan (2007). "Luminous Blue Variables & Mass Loss near the Eddington Limit". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 3: 71–83. arXiv:0801.2519. Bibcode:2008IAUS..250...71O. doi:10.1017/S1743921308020358. S2CID 15032961.
Owocki, S. P.; Gayley, K. G.; Shaviv, N. J. (2004). "A porosity-length formalism for photon-tiring limited mass loss from stars above the Eddington limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 616 (1): 525–541. arXiv:astro-ph/0409573. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..525O. doi:10.1086/424910. S2CID 2331658.
Smith, N.; Owocki, S. P. (2006). "On the role of continuum driven eruptions in the evolution of very massive stars and population III stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (1): L45–L48. arXiv:astro-ph/0606174. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645L..45S. doi:10.1086/506523. S2CID 15424181.
Vink, J. S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
Vink, Jorick S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
Clark, J. S.; Castro, N.; Garcia, M.; Herrero, A.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Smith, K. T. (2012). "On the nature of candidate luminous blue variables in M 33". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A146. arXiv:1202.4409. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.146C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118440. S2CID 17900583.
Humphreys, Roberta M.; Weis, Kerstin; Davidson, Kris; Bomans, D. J.; Burggraf, Birgitta (2014). "Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33. II. Luminous Blue Variables, Candidate LBVs, Fe II Emission Line Stars, and Other Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 790 (1): 48. arXiv:1407.2259. Bibcode:2014ApJ...790...48H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/48. S2CID 119177378.
Groh, Jose; Meynet, Georges; Ekstrom, Sylvia; Georgy, Cyril (2014). "The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 564: A30. arXiv:1401.7322. Bibcode:2014A&A...564A..30G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322573. S2CID 118870118.
Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Ekström, S. (2013). "Massive star evolution: Luminous blue variables as unexpected supernova progenitors". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 550: L7. arXiv:1301.1519. Bibcode:2013A&A...550L...7G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220741. S2CID 119227339.
Bianchi, Luciana; Bohlin, Ralph; Massey, Philip (2004). "The Ofpe/WN9 Stars in M33". The Astrophysical Journal. 601 (1): 228–241. arXiv:astro-ph/0310187. Bibcode:2004ApJ...601..228B. doi:10.1086/380485. S2CID 119371998.
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Negueruela, I. (30 July 2024). "Barbá 2: A new supergiant-rich Galactic stellar cluster". arXiv:2407.20812v2 [astro-ph.GA].
Clark, J. S.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Howarth, I. D. (2012). "On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A145. arXiv:1202.3991. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.145C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117472. S2CID 11978733.
Kathryn F. Neugent; Philip Massey; Brian Skiff; Georges Meynet (April 2012). "Yellow and Red Supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds". Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 177. arXiv:1202.4225. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..177N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/177. S2CID 119180846.
Stolovy, S. R.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Morris, M. R.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C. (2010). "Isolated Wolf-Rayet Stars and O Supergiants in the GalacticCenter Region Identified via Paschen-a Excess". The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 188–199. arXiv:1009.2769. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725..188M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/188. S2CID 20968628.
Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Crowther, P. A.; Goodwin, S. P. (2005). "On the massive stellar population of the super star cluster Westerlund 1". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 434 (3): 949. arXiv:astro-ph/0504342. Bibcode:2005A&A...434..949C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042413. S2CID 119042919.
Lagadec, E.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Verhoelst, T.; Cox, N. L. J.; Szczerba, R.; Mékarnia, D.; Van Winckel, H. (2011). "A double detached shell around a post-red supergiant: IRAS 17163-3907, the Fried Egg nebula". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 534: L10. arXiv:1109.5947. Bibcode:2011A&A...534L..10L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117521. S2CID 55754316.
Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, C. (2013). "IRAS 18357-0604 - an analogue of the galactic yellow hypergiant IRC +10420?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: A15. arXiv:1311.3956. Bibcode:2014A&A...561A..15C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322772. S2CID 53372226.
Jura, M.; Velusamy, T.; Werner, M. W. (2001). "What Next for the Likely Presupernova HD 179821?". The Astrophysical Journal. 556 (1): 408. arXiv:astro-ph/0103282. Bibcode:2001ApJ...556..408J. doi:10.1086/321553. S2CID 18053762.
Britavskiy, N. E.; Bonanos, A. Z.; Herrero, A.; Cerviño, M.; García-Álvarez, D.; Boyer, M. L.; Masseron, T.; Mehner, A.; McQuinn, K. B. W. (2019). "Physical parameters of red supergiants in dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 631: A95. arXiv:1909.13378. Bibcode:2019A&A...631A..95B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935212. S2CID 203593402.
Jones, Terry (2025). "Red and Yellow Hypergiants". Galaxies. 13 (2): 43. arXiv:2507.15962. Bibcode:2025Galax..13...43J. doi:10.3390/galaxies13020043.
Shenoy, Dinesh; Humphreys, Roberta M.; Jones, Terry J.; Marengo, Massimo; Gehrz, Robert D.; Helton, L. Andrew; Hoffmann, William F.; Skemer, Andrew J.; Hinz, Philip M. (2016). "SEARCHING FOR COOL DUST IN THE MID-TO-FAR INFRARED: THE MASS-LOSS HISTORIES OF THE HYPERGIANTS μ Cep, VY CMa, IRC+10420, AND ρ Cas". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (3): 51. arXiv:1512.01529. Bibcode:2016AJ....151...51S. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/3/51.
Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. S2CID 55509287.
Davies, B.; Figer, D. F.; Kudritzki, R. P.; MacKenty, J.; Najarro, F.; Herrero, A. (2007). "A Massive Cluster of Red Supergiants at the Base of the Scutum-Crux Arm". The Astrophysical Journal. 671 (1): 781–801. arXiv:0708.0821. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671..781D. doi:10.1086/522224. S2CID 1447781.
Tabernero, H. M.; Dorda, R.; Negueruela, I.; Marfil, E. (February 2021). "The nature of VX Sagitarii: Is it a TŻO, a RSG, or a high-mass AGB star?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 646: 13. arXiv:2011.09184. Bibcode:2021A&A...646A..98T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039236.
Xu, Shuangjing; Zhang, Bo; Reid, Mark J; Menten, Karl M; Zheng, Xingwu; Wang, Guangli (2018). "The Parallax of the Red Hypergiant VX Sgr with Accurate Tropospheric Delay Calibration". The Astrophysical Journal. 859 (1): 14. arXiv:1804.00894. Bibcode:2018ApJ...859...14X. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabba6. S2CID 55572194.
Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W. (January 2012). "Distance and Kinematics of the Red Hypergiant VY CMa: VLBA and VLA Astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 744 (1): 23. arXiv:1109.3036. Bibcode:2012ApJ...744...23Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/23. S2CID 121202336.
Alcolea, J.; Bujarrabal, V.; Planesas, P.; Teyssier, D.; Cernicharo, J.; De Beck, E.; Decin, L.; Dominik, C.; Justtanont, K. (2013-10-09). "HIFISTARS Herschel /HIFI observations of VY Canis Majoris". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 559: A93. arXiv:1310.2400v1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321683.
Levesque, E. M.; Massey, P.; Plez, B.; Olsen, K. A. G. (2009). "The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4744. arXiv:0903.2260. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4744L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744. S2CID 18074349.
Jones, Olivia; Woods, Paul; Kemper, Franziska; Kraemer, Elena; Sloan, G.; Srinivasan, Sivakrishnan; Oliveira, Joana; van Loon, Jacco; Boyer, Martha; Sargent, Benjamin; Mc Donald, I.; Meixner, Margaret; Zijlstra, A.; Ruffel, Paul; Lagadec, Eric; Pauly, Tyler (May 7, 2017). "The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy program: the life-cycle of dust and gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Point source classification – III". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (3): 3250–3282. arXiv:1705.02709. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1101. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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de Jager, C. (1998). "The Yellow Hypergiants". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 8 (3): 145–180. Bibcode:1998A&ARv...8..145D. doi:10.1007/s001590050009. S2CID 189936279.
Cyril Georgy; Sylvia Ekström; Georges Meynet; Philip Massey; Levesque; Raphael Hirschi; Patrick Eggenberger; André Maeder (2012). "Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 542: A29. arXiv:1203.5243. Bibcode:2012A&A...542A..29G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118340. S2CID 119226014.
Brott, I.; Evans, C. J.; Hunter, I.; De Koter, A.; Langer, N.; Dufton, P. L.; Cantiello, M.; Trundle, C.; Lennon, D. J.; De Mink, S. E.; Yoon, S. -C.; Anders, P. (2011). "Rotating massive main-sequence stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A116. arXiv:1102.0766. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.116B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016114. S2CID 55534197.
Owocki, S. P.; Van Marle, Allard Jan (2007). "Luminous Blue Variables & Mass Loss near the Eddington Limit". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 3: 71–83. arXiv:0801.2519. Bibcode:2008IAUS..250...71O. doi:10.1017/S1743921308020358. S2CID 15032961.
Owocki, S. P.; Gayley, K. G.; Shaviv, N. J. (2004). "A porosity-length formalism for photon-tiring limited mass loss from stars above the Eddington limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 616 (1): 525–541. arXiv:astro-ph/0409573. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..525O. doi:10.1086/424910. S2CID 2331658.
Smith, N.; Owocki, S. P. (2006). "On the role of continuum driven eruptions in the evolution of very massive stars and population III stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (1): L45–L48. arXiv:astro-ph/0606174. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645L..45S. doi:10.1086/506523. S2CID 15424181.
Vink, J. S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
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Vink, Jorick S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
Stothers, R. B.; Chin, C. W. (2001). "Yellow Hypergiants as Dynamically Unstable Post–Red Supergiant Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 560 (2): 934. Bibcode:2001ApJ...560..934S. doi:10.1086/322438. hdl:2060/20010083764.
Clark, J. S.; Castro, N.; Garcia, M.; Herrero, A.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Smith, K. T. (2012). "On the nature of candidate luminous blue variables in M 33". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A146. arXiv:1202.4409. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.146C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118440. S2CID 17900583.
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Humphreys, Roberta M.; Weis, Kerstin; Davidson, Kris; Bomans, D. J.; Burggraf, Birgitta (2014). "Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33. II. Luminous Blue Variables, Candidate LBVs, Fe II Emission Line Stars, and Other Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 790 (1): 48. arXiv:1407.2259. Bibcode:2014ApJ...790...48H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/48. S2CID 119177378.
Groh, Jose; Meynet, Georges; Ekstrom, Sylvia; Georgy, Cyril (2014). "The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 564: A30. arXiv:1401.7322. Bibcode:2014A&A...564A..30G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322573. S2CID 118870118.
Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Ekström, S. (2013). "Massive star evolution: Luminous blue variables as unexpected supernova progenitors". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 550: L7. arXiv:1301.1519. Bibcode:2013A&A...550L...7G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220741. S2CID 119227339.
Bianchi, Luciana; Bohlin, Ralph; Massey, Philip (2004). "The Ofpe/WN9 Stars in M33". The Astrophysical Journal. 601 (1): 228–241. arXiv:astro-ph/0310187. Bibcode:2004ApJ...601..228B. doi:10.1086/380485. S2CID 119371998.
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Kathryn F. Neugent; Philip Massey; Brian Skiff; Georges Meynet (April 2012). "Yellow and Red Supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds". Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 177. arXiv:1202.4225. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..177N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/177. S2CID 119180846.
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Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Crowther, P. A.; Goodwin, S. P. (2005). "On the massive stellar population of the super star cluster Westerlund 1". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 434 (3): 949. arXiv:astro-ph/0504342. Bibcode:2005A&A...434..949C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042413. S2CID 119042919.
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Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, C. (2013). "IRAS 18357-0604 - an analogue of the galactic yellow hypergiant IRC +10420?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: A15. arXiv:1311.3956. Bibcode:2014A&A...561A..15C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322772. S2CID 53372226.
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Britavskiy, N. E.; Bonanos, A. Z.; Herrero, A.; Cerviño, M.; García-Álvarez, D.; Boyer, M. L.; Masseron, T.; Mehner, A.; McQuinn, K. B. W. (2019). "Physical parameters of red supergiants in dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 631: A95. arXiv:1909.13378. Bibcode:2019A&A...631A..95B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935212. S2CID 203593402.
Jones, Terry (2025). "Red and Yellow Hypergiants". Galaxies. 13 (2): 43. arXiv:2507.15962. Bibcode:2025Galax..13...43J. doi:10.3390/galaxies13020043.
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Tabernero, H. M.; Dorda, R.; Negueruela, I.; Marfil, E. (February 2021). "The nature of VX Sagitarii: Is it a TŻO, a RSG, or a high-mass AGB star?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 646: 13. arXiv:2011.09184. Bibcode:2021A&A...646A..98T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039236.
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Xu, Shuangjing; Zhang, Bo; Reid, Mark J; Menten, Karl M; Zheng, Xingwu; Wang, Guangli (2018). "The Parallax of the Red Hypergiant VX Sgr with Accurate Tropospheric Delay Calibration". The Astrophysical Journal. 859 (1): 14. arXiv:1804.00894. Bibcode:2018ApJ...859...14X. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabba6. S2CID 55572194.
Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W. (January 2012). "Distance and Kinematics of the Red Hypergiant VY CMa: VLBA and VLA Astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 744 (1): 23. arXiv:1109.3036. Bibcode:2012ApJ...744...23Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/23. S2CID 121202336.
Alcolea, J.; Bujarrabal, V.; Planesas, P.; Teyssier, D.; Cernicharo, J.; De Beck, E.; Decin, L.; Dominik, C.; Justtanont, K. (2013-10-09). "HIFISTARS Herschel /HIFI observations of VY Canis Majoris". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 559: A93. arXiv:1310.2400v1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321683.
Levesque, E. M.; Massey, P.; Plez, B.; Olsen, K. A. G. (2009). "The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4744. arXiv:0903.2260. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4744L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744. S2CID 18074349.
Jones, Olivia; Woods, Paul; Kemper, Franziska; Kraemer, Elena; Sloan, G.; Srinivasan, Sivakrishnan; Oliveira, Joana; van Loon, Jacco; Boyer, Martha; Sargent, Benjamin; Mc Donald, I.; Meixner, Margaret; Zijlstra, A.; Ruffel, Paul; Lagadec, Eric; Pauly, Tyler (May 7, 2017). "The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy program: the life-cycle of dust and gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Point source classification – III". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (3): 3250–3282. arXiv:1705.02709. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1101. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

esahubble.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Home to a hypergiant". ESA/Hubble. March 6, 2017.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Stothers, R. B.; Chin, C. W. (2001). "Yellow Hypergiants as Dynamically Unstable Post–Red Supergiant Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 560 (2): 934. Bibcode:2001ApJ...560..934S. doi:10.1086/322438. hdl:2060/20010083764.

msu.su (Global: 8,987^th place; English: low place)

sai.msu.su

"GCVS Query=AX Sgr". Sternberg Astronomical Institute. General Catalogue of Variable Stars @ Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Jones, Olivia; Woods, Paul; Kemper, Franziska; Kraemer, Elena; Sloan, G.; Srinivasan, Sivakrishnan; Oliveira, Joana; van Loon, Jacco; Boyer, Martha; Sargent, Benjamin; Mc Donald, I.; Meixner, Margaret; Zijlstra, A.; Ruffel, Paul; Lagadec, Eric; Pauly, Tyler (May 7, 2017). "The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy program: the life-cycle of dust and gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Point source classification – III". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (3): 3250–3282. arXiv:1705.02709. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1101. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

sci.news (Global: low place; English: low place)

Anderson, Natali (March 6, 2017). "Hubble Spots Monster Star Cluster". Sci.News.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

de Jager, C. (1998). "The Yellow Hypergiants". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 8 (3): 145–180. Bibcode:1998A&ARv...8..145D. doi:10.1007/s001590050009. S2CID 189936279.
Cyril Georgy; Sylvia Ekström; Georges Meynet; Philip Massey; Levesque; Raphael Hirschi; Patrick Eggenberger; André Maeder (2012). "Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 542: A29. arXiv:1203.5243. Bibcode:2012A&A...542A..29G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118340. S2CID 119226014.
Brott, I.; Evans, C. J.; Hunter, I.; De Koter, A.; Langer, N.; Dufton, P. L.; Cantiello, M.; Trundle, C.; Lennon, D. J.; De Mink, S. E.; Yoon, S. -C.; Anders, P. (2011). "Rotating massive main-sequence stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A116. arXiv:1102.0766. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.116B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016114. S2CID 55534197.
Owocki, S. P.; Van Marle, Allard Jan (2007). "Luminous Blue Variables & Mass Loss near the Eddington Limit". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 3: 71–83. arXiv:0801.2519. Bibcode:2008IAUS..250...71O. doi:10.1017/S1743921308020358. S2CID 15032961.
Owocki, S. P.; Gayley, K. G.; Shaviv, N. J. (2004). "A porosity-length formalism for photon-tiring limited mass loss from stars above the Eddington limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 616 (1): 525–541. arXiv:astro-ph/0409573. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..525O. doi:10.1086/424910. S2CID 2331658.
Smith, N.; Owocki, S. P. (2006). "On the role of continuum driven eruptions in the evolution of very massive stars and population III stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (1): L45–L48. arXiv:astro-ph/0606174. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645L..45S. doi:10.1086/506523. S2CID 15424181.
Vink, J. S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
De Jager, Cornelis (1998). "The yellow hypergiants". Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 8 (3): 145–180. Bibcode:1998A&ARv...8..145D. doi:10.1007/s001590050009. S2CID 189936279.
Vink, Jorick S. (2012). "Eta Carinae and the Luminous Blue Variables". Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 221–247. arXiv:0905.3338. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384..221V. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. S2CID 17983157.
Clark, J. S.; Castro, N.; Garcia, M.; Herrero, A.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Smith, K. T. (2012). "On the nature of candidate luminous blue variables in M 33". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A146. arXiv:1202.4409. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.146C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118440. S2CID 17900583.
Humphreys, Roberta M.; Weis, Kerstin; Davidson, Kris; Bomans, D. J.; Burggraf, Birgitta (2014). "Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33. II. Luminous Blue Variables, Candidate LBVs, Fe II Emission Line Stars, and Other Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 790 (1): 48. arXiv:1407.2259. Bibcode:2014ApJ...790...48H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/48. S2CID 119177378.
Groh, Jose; Meynet, Georges; Ekstrom, Sylvia; Georgy, Cyril (2014). "The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 564: A30. arXiv:1401.7322. Bibcode:2014A&A...564A..30G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322573. S2CID 118870118.
Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Ekström, S. (2013). "Massive star evolution: Luminous blue variables as unexpected supernova progenitors". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 550: L7. arXiv:1301.1519. Bibcode:2013A&A...550L...7G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220741. S2CID 119227339.
Bianchi, Luciana; Bohlin, Ralph; Massey, Philip (2004). "The Ofpe/WN9 Stars in M33". The Astrophysical Journal. 601 (1): 228–241. arXiv:astro-ph/0310187. Bibcode:2004ApJ...601..228B. doi:10.1086/380485. S2CID 119371998.
Clark, J. S.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Howarth, I. D. (2012). "On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A145. arXiv:1202.3991. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.145C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117472. S2CID 11978733.
Kathryn F. Neugent; Philip Massey; Brian Skiff; Georges Meynet (April 2012). "Yellow and Red Supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds". Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 177. arXiv:1202.4225. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..177N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/177. S2CID 119180846.
Stolovy, S. R.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Morris, M. R.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C. (2010). "Isolated Wolf-Rayet Stars and O Supergiants in the GalacticCenter Region Identified via Paschen-a Excess". The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 188–199. arXiv:1009.2769. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725..188M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/188. S2CID 20968628.
Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Crowther, P. A.; Goodwin, S. P. (2005). "On the massive stellar population of the super star cluster Westerlund 1". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 434 (3): 949. arXiv:astro-ph/0504342. Bibcode:2005A&A...434..949C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042413. S2CID 119042919.
Lagadec, E.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Verhoelst, T.; Cox, N. L. J.; Szczerba, R.; Mékarnia, D.; Van Winckel, H. (2011). "A double detached shell around a post-red supergiant: IRAS 17163-3907, the Fried Egg nebula". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 534: L10. arXiv:1109.5947. Bibcode:2011A&A...534L..10L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117521. S2CID 55754316.
Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, C. (2013). "IRAS 18357-0604 - an analogue of the galactic yellow hypergiant IRC +10420?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: A15. arXiv:1311.3956. Bibcode:2014A&A...561A..15C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322772. S2CID 53372226.
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