Hypochlorous acid (English Wikipedia)

Dychdala, G. R. 1991. Chlorine and chlorine compounds, pp. 131–151. In S. S. Block (ed.), Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. ISBN 0-683-30740-1

cas.org

commonchemistry.cas.org

"Hypochlorous acid". CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. CAS RN: 7790-92-3. Retrieved 2022-04-12.

doi.org

Block, Michael S.; Rowan, Brian G. (September 2020). "Hypochlorous Acid: A Review". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 78 (9): 1461–1466. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029. ISSN 0278-2391. PMC 7315945. PMID 32653307.
Ghoshal K, et al. (July 2016). "A novel sensor to estimate the prevalence of hypochlorous (HOCl) toxicity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia". Clinica Chimica Acta. 458: 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.006. PMID 27178483.
Unangst, P. C. "Hypochlorous Acid" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rh073
Harrison, J. E.; J. Schultz (1976). "Studies on the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 251 (5): 1371–1374. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33749-3. PMID 176150.
Thomas, E. L. (1979). "Myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, chloride antimicrobial system: Nitrogen-chlorine derivatives of bacterial components in bactericidal action against Escherichia coli". Infect. Immun. 23 (2): 522–531. doi:10.1128/IAI.23.2.522-531.1979. PMC 414195. PMID 217834.
Albrich, J. M., C. A. McCarthy, and J. K. Hurst (1981). "Biological reactivity of hypochlorous acid: Implications for microbicidal mechanisms of leukocyte myeloperoxidase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78 (1): 210–214. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78..210A. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.210. PMC 319021. PMID 6264434.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Selkon, JB; et al. (2006). "Evaluation of hypochlorous acid washes in the treatment of venous leg ulcers". J Wound Care. 2006 (15): 33–37. doi:10.12968/jowc.2006.15.1.26861. PMID 16669304.
Nguyen, Kate; Bui, Dinh; Hashemi, Mahak; Hocking, Dianna M; Mendis, Priyan; Strugnell, Richard A; Dharmage, Shyamali C (2021-01-22). "The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 14: 247–252. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S284897. ISSN 1179-1594. PMC 7837568. PMID 33519249.
Fair, G. M., J. Corris, S. L. Chang, I. Weil, and R. P. Burden (1948). "The behavior of chlorine as a water disinfectant". J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 40 (10): 1051–1061. Bibcode:1948JAWWA..40j1051F. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1948.tb15055.x. PMID 18145494.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Dennis, W. H., Jr, V. P. Olivieri, and C. W. Krusé (1979). "The reaction of nucleotides with aqueous hypochlorous acid". Water Res. 13 (4): 357–362. Bibcode:1979WatRe..13..357D. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(79)90023-X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Prütz, WA (1998). "Interactions of hypochlorous acid with pyrimidine nucleotides, and secondary reactions of chlorinated pyrimidines with GSH, NADH, and other substrates". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 349 (1): 183–91. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0440. PMID 9439597.
Arnhold, J; Panasenko, OM; Schiller, J; Vladimirov, YuA; Arnold, K (1995). "The action of hypochlorous acid on phosphatidylcholine liposomes in dependence on the content of double bonds. Stoichiometry and NMR analysis". Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 78 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1016/0009-3084(95)02484-Z. PMID 8521532.
Carr, AC; Van Den Berg, JJ; Winterbourn, CC (1996). "Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 332 (1): 63–9. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0317. PMID 8806710.
Carr, AC; Vissers, MC; Domigan, NM; Winterbourn, CC (1997). "Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid and haemolysis by preformed lipid chlorohydrins". Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research. 3 (5–6): 263–71. doi:10.1080/13510002.1997.11747122. PMID 9754324.
Hazell, L. J., J. V. D. Berg, and R. Stocker (1994). "Oxidation of low density lipoprotein by hypochlorite causes aggregation that is mediated by modification of lysine residues rather than lipid oxidation". Biochem. J. 302 (Pt 1): 297–304. doi:10.1042/bj3020297. PMC 1137223. PMID 8068018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hazen, SL; Hsu, FF; Duffin, K; Heinecke, JW (1996). "Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (38): 23080–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23080. PMID 8798498.
Vissers, MC; Carr, AC; Chapman, AL (1998). "Comparison of human red cell lysis by hypochlorous and hypobromous acids: insights into the mechanism of lysis". The Biochemical Journal. 330 (1): 131–8. doi:10.1042/bj3300131. PMC 1219118. PMID 9461501.
Vissers, MC; Stern, A; Kuypers, F; Van Den Berg, J; Winterbourn, CC (1994). "Membrane changes associated with lysis of red blood cells by hypochlorous acid". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 16 (6): 703–12. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(94)90185-6. PMID 8070673.
Winterbourn, CC; Van Den Berg, JJ; Roitman, E; Kuypers, FA (1992). "Chlorohydrin formation from unsaturated fatty acids reacted with hypochlorous acid". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 296 (2): 547–55. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90609-Z. PMID 1321589.
Albrich, JM; Hurst, JK (1982). "Oxidative inactivation of Escherichia coli by hypochlorous acid. Rates and differentiation of respiratory from other reaction sites". FEBS Letters. 144 (1): 157–61. Bibcode:1982FEBSL.144..157A. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80591-7. PMID 6286355. S2CID 40223719.
Barrette Jr, WC; Hannum, DM; Wheeler, WD; Hurst, JK (1989). "General mechanism for the bacterial toxicity of hypochlorous acid: abolition of ATP production". Biochemistry. 28 (23): 9172–8. doi:10.1021/bi00449a032. PMID 2557918.
Jacangelo, J; Olivieri, V; Kawata, K (1987). "Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups by monochloramine". Water Research. 21 (11): 1339–1344. Bibcode:1987WatRe..21.1339J. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(87)90007-8.
Knox, WE; Stumpf, PK; Green, DE; Auerbach, VH (1948). "The Inhibition of Sulfhydryl Enzymes as the Basis of the Bactericidal Action of Chlorine". Journal of Bacteriology. 55 (4): 451–8. doi:10.1128/JB.55.4.451-458.1948. PMC 518466. PMID 16561477.
Vissers, MC; Winterbourn, CC (1991). "Oxidative damage to fibronectin. I. The effects of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system and HOCl". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 285 (1): 53–9. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(91)90327-F. PMID 1846732.
Winterbourn, CC (1985). "Comparative reactivities of various biological compounds with myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride, and similarity of the oxidant to hypochlorite". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 840 (2): 204–10. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(85)90120-5. PMID 2986713.
Pereira, WE; Hoyano, Y; Summons, RE; Bacon, VA; Duffield, AM (1973). "Chlorination studies. II. The reaction of aqueous hypochlorous acid with alpha-amino acids and dipeptides". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 313 (1): 170–80. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(73)90198-0. PMID 4745674.
McKenna, SM; Davies, KJ (1988). "The inhibition of bacterial growth by hypochlorous acid. Possible role in the bactericidal activity of phagocytes". The Biochemical Journal. 254 (3): 685–92. doi:10.1042/bj2540685. PMC 1135139. PMID 2848494.
Hazen, SL; D'Avignon, A; Anderson, MM; Hsu, FF; Heinecke, JW (1998). "Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to oxidize alpha-amino acids to a family of reactive aldehydes. Mechanistic studies identifying labile intermediates along the reaction pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (9): 4997–5005. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.9.4997. PMID 9478947.
Prütz, WA (1996). "Hypochlorous acid interactions with thiols, nucleotides, DNA, and other biological substrates". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 332 (1): 110–20. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0322. PMID 8806715.
Albert, Carolyn J.; Crowley, Jan R.; Hsu, Fong-Fu; Thukkani, Arun K.; Ford, David A. (June 2001). "Reactive Chlorinating Species Produced by Myeloperoxidase Target the Vinyl Ether Bond of Plasmalogens". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (26): 23733–23741. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101447200. PMID 11301330.
Yu, Hong; Wang, Meifang; Wang, Derek; Kalogeris, Theodore J.; McHowat, Jane; Ford, David A.; Korthuis, Ronald J. (January 2019). "Chlorinated Lipids Elicit Inflammatory Responses in vitro and in vivo". Shock. 51 (1): 114–122. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001112. PMC 6070441. PMID 29394241.
Palladino, ElisaN.D.; Katunga, Lalage A.; Kolar, Grant R.; Ford, David A. (August 2018). "2-Chlorofatty acids: lipid mediators of neutrophil extracellular trap formation". Journal of Lipid Research. 59 (8): 1424–1432. doi:10.1194/jlr.M084731. PMC 6071778. PMID 29739865.
Rakita, RM; Michel, BR; Rosen, H (1990). "Differential inactivation of Escherichia coli membrane dehydrogenases by a myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial system". Biochemistry. 29 (4): 1075–80. doi:10.1021/bi00456a033. PMID 1692736.
Rakita, RM; Michel, BR; Rosen, H (1989). "Myeloperoxidase-mediated inhibition of microbial respiration: damage to Escherichia coli ubiquinol oxidase". Biochemistry. 28 (7): 3031–6. doi:10.1021/bi00433a044. PMID 2545243.
Rosen, H.; S. J. Klebanoff (1985). "Oxidation of microbial iron-sulfur centers by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antimicrobial system". Infect. Immun. 47 (3): 613–618. doi:10.1128/IAI.47.3.613-618.1985. PMC 261335. PMID 2982737.
Rosen, H., R. M. Rakita, A. M. Waltersdorph, and S. J. Klebanoff (1987). "Myeloperoxidase-mediated damage to the succinate oxidase system of Escherichia coli". J. Biol. Chem. 242: 15004–15010. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)48129-X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chesney, JA; Eaton, JW; Mahoney Jr, JR (1996). "Bacterial glutathione: a sacrificial defense against chlorine compounds". Journal of Bacteriology. 178 (7): 2131–5. doi:10.1128/jb.178.7.2131-2135.1996. PMC 177915. PMID 8606194.
Morris, J. C. (1966). "The acid ionization constant of HClO from 5 to 35 °". J. Phys. Chem. 70 (12): 3798–3805. doi:10.1021/j100884a007.
McFeters, GA; Camper, AK (1983). Enumeration of indicator bacteria exposed to chlorine. Vol. 29. pp. 177–93. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70357-5. ISBN 978-0-12-002629-6. PMID 6650262. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Barrette Jr, WC; Albrich, JM; Hurst, JK (1987). "Hypochlorous acid-promoted loss of metabolic energy in Escherichia coli". Infection and Immunity. 55 (10): 2518–25. doi:10.1128/IAI.55.10.2518-2525.1987. PMC 260739. PMID 2820883.
Camper, AK; McFeters, GA (1979). "Chlorine injury and the enumeration of waterborne coliform bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 37 (3): 633–41. Bibcode:1979ApEnM..37..633C. doi:10.1128/AEM.37.3.633-641.1979. PMC 243267. PMID 378130.
Venkobachar, C; Iyengar, L; Prabhakararao, A (1975). "Mechanism of disinfection☆". Water Research. 9 (1): 119–124. Bibcode:1975WatRe...9..119V. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90160-8.
Hurst, JK; Barrette Jr, WC; Michel, BR; Rosen, H (1991). "Hypochlorous acid and myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of iron-sulfur clusters in bacterial respiratory dehydrogenases". European Journal of Biochemistry. 202 (3): 1275–82. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16500.x. PMID 1662610.
Rosen, H; Klebanoff, SJ (1982). "Oxidation of Escherichia coli iron centers by the myeloperoxidase-mediated microbicidal system". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 257 (22): 13731–35. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33509-9. PMID 6292201.
Rosen, H; Orman, J; Rakita, RM; Michel, BR; Vandevanter, DR (1990). "Loss of DNA-membrane interactions and cessation of DNA synthesis in myeloperoxidase-treated Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (24): 10048–52. Bibcode:1990PNAS...8710048R. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.10048. PMC 55312. PMID 2175901.
Rosen, H; Michel, BR; Vandevanter, DR; Hughes, JP (1998). "Differential effects of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants on Escherichia coli DNA replication". Infection and Immunity. 66 (6): 2655–9. doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2655-2659.1998. PMC 108252. PMID 9596730.
Winter, J.; Ilbert, M.; Graf, P.C.F.; Özcelik, D.; Jakob, U. (2008). "Bleach Activates a Redox-Regulated Chaperone by Oxidative Protein Unfolding". Cell. 135 (4): 691–701. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.024. PMC 2606091. PMID 19013278.
Migliarina, Franco; Ferro, Sergio (December 2014). "A Modern Approach to Disinfection, as Old as the Evolution of Vertebrates". Healthcare. 2 (4): 516–526. doi:10.3390/healthcare2040516. PMC 4934573. PMID 27429291.
Stroman, D. W; Mintun, K; Epstein, A. B; Brimer, C. M; Patel, C. R; Branch, J. D; Najafi-Tagol, K (2017). "Reduction in bacterial load using hypochlorous acid hygiene solution on ocular skin". Clinical Ophthalmology. 11: 707–714. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S132851. PMC 5402722. PMID 28458509.

ebi.ac.uk

"hypochlorous acid". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. European Bioinformatics Institute. CHEBI:24757. Retrieved 2022-04-12.

epa.gov

US EPA, OCSPP (2020-03-13). "List N: Disinfectants for Coronavirus (COVID-19)". US EPA. Retrieved 2021-02-08.

h2oxide.com

"Disinfection of Facility H₂O" Archived 2019-01-22 at the Wayback Machine.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Albrich, J. M., C. A. McCarthy, and J. K. Hurst (1981). "Biological reactivity of hypochlorous acid: Implications for microbicidal mechanisms of leukocyte myeloperoxidase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78 (1): 210–214. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78..210A. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.210. PMC 319021. PMID 6264434.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fair, G. M., J. Corris, S. L. Chang, I. Weil, and R. P. Burden (1948). "The behavior of chlorine as a water disinfectant". J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 40 (10): 1051–1061. Bibcode:1948JAWWA..40j1051F. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1948.tb15055.x. PMID 18145494.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Dennis, W. H., Jr, V. P. Olivieri, and C. W. Krusé (1979). "The reaction of nucleotides with aqueous hypochlorous acid". Water Res. 13 (4): 357–362. Bibcode:1979WatRe..13..357D. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(79)90023-X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Albrich, JM; Hurst, JK (1982). "Oxidative inactivation of Escherichia coli by hypochlorous acid. Rates and differentiation of respiratory from other reaction sites". FEBS Letters. 144 (1): 157–61. Bibcode:1982FEBSL.144..157A. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80591-7. PMID 6286355. S2CID 40223719.
Jacangelo, J; Olivieri, V; Kawata, K (1987). "Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups by monochloramine". Water Research. 21 (11): 1339–1344. Bibcode:1987WatRe..21.1339J. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(87)90007-8.
Camper, AK; McFeters, GA (1979). "Chlorine injury and the enumeration of waterborne coliform bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 37 (3): 633–41. Bibcode:1979ApEnM..37..633C. doi:10.1128/AEM.37.3.633-641.1979. PMC 243267. PMID 378130.
Venkobachar, C; Iyengar, L; Prabhakararao, A (1975). "Mechanism of disinfection☆". Water Research. 9 (1): 119–124. Bibcode:1975WatRe...9..119V. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90160-8.
Rosen, H; Orman, J; Rakita, RM; Michel, BR; Vandevanter, DR (1990). "Loss of DNA-membrane interactions and cessation of DNA synthesis in myeloperoxidase-treated Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (24): 10048–52. Bibcode:1990PNAS...8710048R. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.10048. PMC 55312. PMID 2175901.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

See:
- Balard, A. J. (1834). "Recherches sur la nature des combinaisons décolorantes du chlore" [Investigations into the nature of bleaching compounds of chlorine]. Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 2nd series (in French). 57: 225–304.

hse.gov.uk

"In situ generation: Active substances vs biocidal products". www.hse.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-07-12.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Block, Michael S.; Rowan, Brian G. (September 2020). "Hypochlorous Acid: A Review". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 78 (9): 1461–1466. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029. ISSN 0278-2391. PMC 7315945. PMID 32653307.
Ghoshal K, et al. (July 2016). "A novel sensor to estimate the prevalence of hypochlorous (HOCl) toxicity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia". Clinica Chimica Acta. 458: 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.006. PMID 27178483.
Harrison, J. E.; J. Schultz (1976). "Studies on the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 251 (5): 1371–1374. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33749-3. PMID 176150.
Thomas, E. L. (1979). "Myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, chloride antimicrobial system: Nitrogen-chlorine derivatives of bacterial components in bactericidal action against Escherichia coli". Infect. Immun. 23 (2): 522–531. doi:10.1128/IAI.23.2.522-531.1979. PMC 414195. PMID 217834.
Albrich, J. M., C. A. McCarthy, and J. K. Hurst (1981). "Biological reactivity of hypochlorous acid: Implications for microbicidal mechanisms of leukocyte myeloperoxidase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78 (1): 210–214. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78..210A. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.210. PMC 319021. PMID 6264434.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Selkon, JB; et al. (2006). "Evaluation of hypochlorous acid washes in the treatment of venous leg ulcers". J Wound Care. 2006 (15): 33–37. doi:10.12968/jowc.2006.15.1.26861. PMID 16669304.
Nguyen, Kate; Bui, Dinh; Hashemi, Mahak; Hocking, Dianna M; Mendis, Priyan; Strugnell, Richard A; Dharmage, Shyamali C (2021-01-22). "The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 14: 247–252. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S284897. ISSN 1179-1594. PMC 7837568. PMID 33519249.
Fair, G. M., J. Corris, S. L. Chang, I. Weil, and R. P. Burden (1948). "The behavior of chlorine as a water disinfectant". J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 40 (10): 1051–1061. Bibcode:1948JAWWA..40j1051F. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1948.tb15055.x. PMID 18145494.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Prütz, WA (1998). "Interactions of hypochlorous acid with pyrimidine nucleotides, and secondary reactions of chlorinated pyrimidines with GSH, NADH, and other substrates". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 349 (1): 183–91. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0440. PMID 9439597.
Arnhold, J; Panasenko, OM; Schiller, J; Vladimirov, YuA; Arnold, K (1995). "The action of hypochlorous acid on phosphatidylcholine liposomes in dependence on the content of double bonds. Stoichiometry and NMR analysis". Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 78 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1016/0009-3084(95)02484-Z. PMID 8521532.
Carr, AC; Van Den Berg, JJ; Winterbourn, CC (1996). "Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 332 (1): 63–9. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0317. PMID 8806710.
Carr, AC; Vissers, MC; Domigan, NM; Winterbourn, CC (1997). "Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid and haemolysis by preformed lipid chlorohydrins". Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research. 3 (5–6): 263–71. doi:10.1080/13510002.1997.11747122. PMID 9754324.
Hazell, L. J., J. V. D. Berg, and R. Stocker (1994). "Oxidation of low density lipoprotein by hypochlorite causes aggregation that is mediated by modification of lysine residues rather than lipid oxidation". Biochem. J. 302 (Pt 1): 297–304. doi:10.1042/bj3020297. PMC 1137223. PMID 8068018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hazen, SL; Hsu, FF; Duffin, K; Heinecke, JW (1996). "Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (38): 23080–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23080. PMID 8798498.
Vissers, MC; Carr, AC; Chapman, AL (1998). "Comparison of human red cell lysis by hypochlorous and hypobromous acids: insights into the mechanism of lysis". The Biochemical Journal. 330 (1): 131–8. doi:10.1042/bj3300131. PMC 1219118. PMID 9461501.
Vissers, MC; Stern, A; Kuypers, F; Van Den Berg, J; Winterbourn, CC (1994). "Membrane changes associated with lysis of red blood cells by hypochlorous acid". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 16 (6): 703–12. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(94)90185-6. PMID 8070673.
Winterbourn, CC; Van Den Berg, JJ; Roitman, E; Kuypers, FA (1992). "Chlorohydrin formation from unsaturated fatty acids reacted with hypochlorous acid". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 296 (2): 547–55. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90609-Z. PMID 1321589.
Albrich, JM; Hurst, JK (1982). "Oxidative inactivation of Escherichia coli by hypochlorous acid. Rates and differentiation of respiratory from other reaction sites". FEBS Letters. 144 (1): 157–61. Bibcode:1982FEBSL.144..157A. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80591-7. PMID 6286355. S2CID 40223719.
Barrette Jr, WC; Hannum, DM; Wheeler, WD; Hurst, JK (1989). "General mechanism for the bacterial toxicity of hypochlorous acid: abolition of ATP production". Biochemistry. 28 (23): 9172–8. doi:10.1021/bi00449a032. PMID 2557918.
Knox, WE; Stumpf, PK; Green, DE; Auerbach, VH (1948). "The Inhibition of Sulfhydryl Enzymes as the Basis of the Bactericidal Action of Chlorine". Journal of Bacteriology. 55 (4): 451–8. doi:10.1128/JB.55.4.451-458.1948. PMC 518466. PMID 16561477.
Vissers, MC; Winterbourn, CC (1991). "Oxidative damage to fibronectin. I. The effects of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system and HOCl". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 285 (1): 53–9. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(91)90327-F. PMID 1846732.
Winterbourn, CC (1985). "Comparative reactivities of various biological compounds with myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride, and similarity of the oxidant to hypochlorite". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 840 (2): 204–10. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(85)90120-5. PMID 2986713.
Pereira, WE; Hoyano, Y; Summons, RE; Bacon, VA; Duffield, AM (1973). "Chlorination studies. II. The reaction of aqueous hypochlorous acid with alpha-amino acids and dipeptides". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 313 (1): 170–80. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(73)90198-0. PMID 4745674.
McKenna, SM; Davies, KJ (1988). "The inhibition of bacterial growth by hypochlorous acid. Possible role in the bactericidal activity of phagocytes". The Biochemical Journal. 254 (3): 685–92. doi:10.1042/bj2540685. PMC 1135139. PMID 2848494.
Hazen, SL; D'Avignon, A; Anderson, MM; Hsu, FF; Heinecke, JW (1998). "Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to oxidize alpha-amino acids to a family of reactive aldehydes. Mechanistic studies identifying labile intermediates along the reaction pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (9): 4997–5005. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.9.4997. PMID 9478947.
Prütz, WA (1996). "Hypochlorous acid interactions with thiols, nucleotides, DNA, and other biological substrates". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 332 (1): 110–20. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0322. PMID 8806715.
Albert, Carolyn J.; Crowley, Jan R.; Hsu, Fong-Fu; Thukkani, Arun K.; Ford, David A. (June 2001). "Reactive Chlorinating Species Produced by Myeloperoxidase Target the Vinyl Ether Bond of Plasmalogens". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (26): 23733–23741. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101447200. PMID 11301330.
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Rosen, H; Michel, BR; Vandevanter, DR; Hughes, JP (1998). "Differential effects of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants on Escherichia coli DNA replication". Infection and Immunity. 66 (6): 2655–9. doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2655-2659.1998. PMC 108252. PMID 9596730.
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Migliarina, Franco; Ferro, Sergio (December 2014). "A Modern Approach to Disinfection, as Old as the Evolution of Vertebrates". Healthcare. 2 (4): 516–526. doi:10.3390/healthcare2040516. PMC 4934573. PMID 27429291.
Wang, L; Bassiri, M; Najafi, R; Najafi, K; Yang, J; Khosrovi, B; Hwong, W; Barati, E; Belisle, B; Celeri, C; Robson, MC (2007-04-11). "Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent". Journal of Burns and Wounds. 6: e5. ISSN 1554-0766. PMC 1853323. PMID 17492050.
Stroman, D. W; Mintun, K; Epstein, A. B; Brimer, C. M; Patel, C. R; Branch, J. D; Najafi-Tagol, K (2017). "Reduction in bacterial load using hypochlorous acid hygiene solution on ocular skin". Clinical Ophthalmology. 11: 707–714. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S132851. PMC 5402722. PMID 28458509.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Block, Michael S.; Rowan, Brian G. (September 2020). "Hypochlorous Acid: A Review". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 78 (9): 1461–1466. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029. ISSN 0278-2391. PMC 7315945. PMID 32653307.
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Nguyen, Kate; Bui, Dinh; Hashemi, Mahak; Hocking, Dianna M; Mendis, Priyan; Strugnell, Richard A; Dharmage, Shyamali C (2021-01-22). "The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 14: 247–252. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S284897. ISSN 1179-1594. PMC 7837568. PMID 33519249.
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Yu, Hong; Wang, Meifang; Wang, Derek; Kalogeris, Theodore J.; McHowat, Jane; Ford, David A.; Korthuis, Ronald J. (January 2019). "Chlorinated Lipids Elicit Inflammatory Responses in vitro and in vivo". Shock. 51 (1): 114–122. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001112. PMC 6070441. PMID 29394241.
Palladino, ElisaN.D.; Katunga, Lalage A.; Kolar, Grant R.; Ford, David A. (August 2018). "2-Chlorofatty acids: lipid mediators of neutrophil extracellular trap formation". Journal of Lipid Research. 59 (8): 1424–1432. doi:10.1194/jlr.M084731. PMC 6071778. PMID 29739865.
Rosen, H.; S. J. Klebanoff (1985). "Oxidation of microbial iron-sulfur centers by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antimicrobial system". Infect. Immun. 47 (3): 613–618. doi:10.1128/IAI.47.3.613-618.1985. PMC 261335. PMID 2982737.
Chesney, JA; Eaton, JW; Mahoney Jr, JR (1996). "Bacterial glutathione: a sacrificial defense against chlorine compounds". Journal of Bacteriology. 178 (7): 2131–5. doi:10.1128/jb.178.7.2131-2135.1996. PMC 177915. PMID 8606194.
Barrette Jr, WC; Albrich, JM; Hurst, JK (1987). "Hypochlorous acid-promoted loss of metabolic energy in Escherichia coli". Infection and Immunity. 55 (10): 2518–25. doi:10.1128/IAI.55.10.2518-2525.1987. PMC 260739. PMID 2820883.
Camper, AK; McFeters, GA (1979). "Chlorine injury and the enumeration of waterborne coliform bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 37 (3): 633–41. Bibcode:1979ApEnM..37..633C. doi:10.1128/AEM.37.3.633-641.1979. PMC 243267. PMID 378130.
Rosen, H; Orman, J; Rakita, RM; Michel, BR; Vandevanter, DR (1990). "Loss of DNA-membrane interactions and cessation of DNA synthesis in myeloperoxidase-treated Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (24): 10048–52. Bibcode:1990PNAS...8710048R. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.10048. PMC 55312. PMID 2175901.
Rosen, H; Michel, BR; Vandevanter, DR; Hughes, JP (1998). "Differential effects of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants on Escherichia coli DNA replication". Infection and Immunity. 66 (6): 2655–9. doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2655-2659.1998. PMC 108252. PMID 9596730.
Winter, J.; Ilbert, M.; Graf, P.C.F.; Özcelik, D.; Jakob, U. (2008). "Bleach Activates a Redox-Regulated Chaperone by Oxidative Protein Unfolding". Cell. 135 (4): 691–701. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.024. PMC 2606091. PMID 19013278.
Migliarina, Franco; Ferro, Sergio (December 2014). "A Modern Approach to Disinfection, as Old as the Evolution of Vertebrates". Healthcare. 2 (4): 516–526. doi:10.3390/healthcare2040516. PMC 4934573. PMID 27429291.
Wang, L; Bassiri, M; Najafi, R; Najafi, K; Yang, J; Khosrovi, B; Hwong, W; Barati, E; Belisle, B; Celeri, C; Robson, MC (2007-04-11). "Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent". Journal of Burns and Wounds. 6: e5. ISSN 1554-0766. PMC 1853323. PMID 17492050.
Stroman, D. W; Mintun, K; Epstein, A. B; Brimer, C. M; Patel, C. R; Branch, J. D; Najafi-Tagol, K (2017). "Reduction in bacterial load using hypochlorous acid hygiene solution on ocular skin". Clinical Ophthalmology. 11: 707–714. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S132851. PMC 5402722. PMID 28458509.

raritaneng.com

e.g. Raritan Electro Scan device

researchgate.net

Robson MC et al. "Hypochlorous acid as a potential wound care agent. Part II Stabilized hypochlorous acid: its role in decreasing tissue bacterial bioburden and overcoming the inhibition of infection on wound healing". Journal of Burns and Wounds 2007; April: 80–90.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Albrich, JM; Hurst, JK (1982). "Oxidative inactivation of Escherichia coli by hypochlorous acid. Rates and differentiation of respiratory from other reaction sites". FEBS Letters. 144 (1): 157–61. Bibcode:1982FEBSL.144..157A. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80591-7. PMID 6286355. S2CID 40223719.

todayswoundclinic.com

"Treating Chronic Wounds With Hypochlorous Acid Disrupts Biofilm". Today's Wound Clinic. Retrieved 2021-02-08.

web.archive.org

"Disinfection of Facility H₂O" Archived 2019-01-22 at the Wayback Machine.

worldcat.org

Block, Michael S.; Rowan, Brian G. (September 2020). "Hypochlorous Acid: A Review". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 78 (9): 1461–1466. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029. ISSN 0278-2391. PMC 7315945. PMID 32653307.
Nguyen, Kate; Bui, Dinh; Hashemi, Mahak; Hocking, Dianna M; Mendis, Priyan; Strugnell, Richard A; Dharmage, Shyamali C (2021-01-22). "The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 14: 247–252. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S284897. ISSN 1179-1594. PMC 7837568. PMID 33519249.
Wang, L; Bassiri, M; Najafi, R; Najafi, K; Yang, J; Khosrovi, B; Hwong, W; Barati, E; Belisle, B; Celeri, C; Robson, MC (2007-04-11). "Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent". Journal of Burns and Wounds. 6: e5. ISSN 1554-0766. PMC 1853323. PMID 17492050.

woundsource.com

"Pure Hypochlorous Acid: A Primer on pH and Wound Solutions". WoundSource. 2020-11-05. Retrieved 2021-02-08..