IP address (English Wikipedia)

"IPv4 and IPv6 address formats". IBM. Archived from the original on 27 August 2025. An IPv4 address has the following format: x . x . x . x where x is called an octet and must be a decimal value between 0 and 255. Octets are separated by periods. An IPv4 address must contain three periods and four octets. The following examples are valid IPv4 addresses:
1 . 2 . 3 . 4
01 . 102 . 103 . 104

ietf.org (Global: 214^th place; English: 176^th place)

datatracker.ietf.org

J. Postel, ed. (September 1981). INTERNET PROTOCOL - DARPA INTERNET PROGRAM PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0791. STD 5. RFC 791. IEN 128, 123, 111, 80, 54, 44, 41, 28, 26. Internet Standard 5. Obsoletes RFC 760. Updated by RFC 1349, 2474 and 6864.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (December 1995). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1883. RFC 1883. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 2460.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (December 1998). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC2460. RFC 2460. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 8200. Obsoletes RFC 1883. Updated by RFC 5095, 5722, 5871, 6437, 6564, 6935, 6946, 7045 and 7112.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (July 2017). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC8200. STD 86. RFC 8200. Internet Standard 86. Obsoletes RFC 2460.
V. Cerf; Y. Dalal; C. Sunshine (December 1974). SPECIFICATION OF INTERNET TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC0675. RFC 675. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 7805. NIC 2. INWG 72.
Ross Callon (June 1992). TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses (TUBA), A Simple Proposal for Internet Addressing and Routing. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1347. RFC 1347. Historic.
Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1918. BCP 5. RFC 1918. Best Current Practice 5. Obsoletes RFC 1627 and 1597. Updated by RFC 6761.
R. Hinden; B. Haberman (October 2005). Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4193. RFC 4193. Proposed Standard.
R. Hinden; S. Deering (April 2003). IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3513. RFC 3513. Obsolete. Obsoletes RFC 2373. Obsoleted by RFC 4291.
C. Huitema; B. Carpenter (September 2004). Deprecating Site Local Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3879. RFC 3879. Proposed Standard.
M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; B. Haberman (April 2013). R. Bonica (ed.). Special-Purpose IP Address Registries. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6890. ISSN 2070-1721. BCP 153. RFC 6890. Best Current Practice 153. Obsoletes RFC 4773, 5156, 5735 and 5736. Updated by RFC 8190.
S. Cheshire; B. Aboba; E. Guttman (May 2005). Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3927. RFC 3927. Proposed Standard.
M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; D. Meyer (March 2010). IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5771. ISSN 2070-1721. BCP 51. RFC 5771. Best Current Practice 51. Obsoletes RFC 3138 and 3171. Updates RFC 2780.
D. Johnson; S. Deering (March 1999). Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC2526. RFC 2526. Proposed Standard.
R. Hinden; S. Deering (February 2006). IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4291. RFC 4291. Draft Standard. Obsoletes RFC 3513. Updated by RFC 5952, 6052, 7136, 7346, 7371 and 8064.

ietf.org

Cerf, Vinton (March 1977). "IEN 5: Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program (Version 2)" (PDF). Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
Cerf, Vinton; Postel, Jonathon (January 1978). "IEN 21: Specification of Internetwork Transmission Control Program (TCP) Version 3" (PDF). Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
Cerf, Vint (14 February 1978). "IEN 26: A Proposed New Internet Header Format" (PDF). Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
Cerf, Vint (14 February 1978). "IEN 27: A Proposal for TCP Version 3.1 Header Format" (PDF). Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved 18 September 2025.

ionos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is a broadcast address?". IONOS Digitalguide. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

lifewire.com (Global: 5,910^th place; English: 4,171^st place)

"What Is a Public IP Address? (and How to Find Yours)". Lifewire.

microsoft.com (Global: 153^rd place; English: 151^st place)

learn.microsoft.com

"DHCP and Automatic Private IP Addressing". Microsoft Learn. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
"Event ID 4198 — TCP/IP Network Interface Configuration". TechNet. Microsoft Docs. 26 August 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
"Event ID 4199 — TCP/IP Network Interface Configuration". TechNet. Microsoft Docs. 26 August 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2023.

windows.microsoft.com

"Get help with "There is an IP address conflict" message". Microsoft. 22 November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.

support.microsoft.com

"Fix duplicate IP address conflicts on a DHCP network". Microsoft. 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2013.

docs.microsoft.com

"ipconfig". Microsoft Docs. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

netop.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"IP geolocation (The NetOp Organization)". 25 January 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2024.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Komosny, Dan (22 July 2021). "Retrospective IP Address Geolocation for Geography-Aware Internet Services". Sensors. 21 (15): 4975. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.4975K. doi:10.3390/s21154975. hdl:11012/200946. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 8348169. PMID 34372212.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Komosny, Dan (22 July 2021). "Retrospective IP Address Geolocation for Geography-Aware Internet Services". Sensors. 21 (15): 4975. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.4975K. doi:10.3390/s21154975. hdl:11012/200946. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 8348169. PMID 34372212.

online-tech-tips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kishore, Aseem (4 August 2009). "How to Fix an IP Address Conflict". Online Tech Tips Online-tech-tips.com. Retrieved 3 September 2023.

oreilly.com (Global: 4,347^th place; English: 3,017^th place)

"Interface Configuration for IP". Linux Network Administrators Guide. June 2000. Retrieved 12 March 2024.

purdue.edu (Global: 850^th place; English: 625^th place)

cs.purdue.edu

Comer, Douglas (2000). Internetworking with TCP/IP:Principles, Protocols, and Architectures – 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-13-018380-4. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010.

rfc-editor.org (Global: 6,184^th place; English: 4,465^th place)

J. Postel, ed. (September 1981). INTERNET PROTOCOL - DARPA INTERNET PROGRAM PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0791. STD 5. RFC 791. IEN 128, 123, 111, 80, 54, 44, 41, 28, 26. Internet Standard 5. Obsoletes RFC 760. Updated by RFC 1349, 2474 and 6864.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (December 1995). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1883. RFC 1883. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 2460.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (December 1998). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC2460. RFC 2460. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 8200. Obsoletes RFC 1883. Updated by RFC 5095, 5722, 5871, 6437, 6564, 6935, 6946, 7045 and 7112.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (July 2017). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC8200. STD 86. RFC 8200. Internet Standard 86. Obsoletes RFC 2460.
V. Cerf; Y. Dalal; C. Sunshine (December 1974). SPECIFICATION OF INTERNET TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC0675. RFC 675. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 7805. NIC 2. INWG 72.
Ross Callon (June 1992). TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses (TUBA), A Simple Proposal for Internet Addressing and Routing. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1347. RFC 1347. Historic.
Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1918. BCP 5. RFC 1918. Best Current Practice 5. Obsoletes RFC 1627 and 1597. Updated by RFC 6761.
R. Hinden; B. Haberman (October 2005). Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4193. RFC 4193. Proposed Standard.
R. Hinden; S. Deering (April 2003). IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3513. RFC 3513. Obsolete. Obsoletes RFC 2373. Obsoleted by RFC 4291.
C. Huitema; B. Carpenter (September 2004). Deprecating Site Local Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3879. RFC 3879. Proposed Standard.
M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; B. Haberman (April 2013). R. Bonica (ed.). Special-Purpose IP Address Registries. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6890. ISSN 2070-1721. BCP 153. RFC 6890. Best Current Practice 153. Obsoletes RFC 4773, 5156, 5735 and 5736. Updated by RFC 8190.
S. Cheshire; B. Aboba; E. Guttman (May 2005). Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3927. RFC 3927. Proposed Standard.
M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; D. Meyer (March 2010). IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5771. ISSN 2070-1721. BCP 51. RFC 5771. Best Current Practice 51. Obsoletes RFC 3138 and 3171. Updates RFC 2780.
D. Johnson; S. Deering (March 1999). Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC2526. RFC 2526. Proposed Standard.
R. Hinden; S. Deering (February 2006). IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4291. RFC 4291. Draft Standard. Obsoletes RFC 3513. Updated by RFC 5952, 6052, 7136, 7346, 7371 and 8064.

socallinuxexpo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

DeLong, Owen. "Why does IP have versions? Why do I care?" (PDF). Scale15x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

DeLong, Owen. "Why does IP have versions? Why do I care?" (PDF). Scale15x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
"IPv4 and IPv6 address formats". IBM. Archived from the original on 27 August 2025. An IPv4 address has the following format: x . x . x . x where x is called an octet and must be a decimal value between 0 and 255. Octets are separated by periods. An IPv4 address must contain three periods and four octets. The following examples are valid IPv4 addresses:
1 . 2 . 3 . 4
01 . 102 . 103 . 104
Mitchell, Bradley. "IP Address Conflicts – What Is an IP Address Conflict?". About.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
"Get help with "There is an IP address conflict" message". Microsoft. 22 November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
"Fix duplicate IP address conflicts on a DHCP network". Microsoft. 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
Moran, Joseph (1 September 2010). "Understanding And Resolving IP Address Conflicts". Webopedia. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
"IP geolocation (The NetOp Organization)". 25 January 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
Comer, Douglas (2000). Internetworking with TCP/IP:Principles, Protocols, and Architectures – 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-13-018380-4. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010.

webopedia.com (Global: 8,835^th place; English: 7,272^nd place)

Moran, Joseph (1 September 2010). "Understanding And Resolving IP Address Conflicts". Webopedia. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; B. Haberman (April 2013). R. Bonica (ed.). Special-Purpose IP Address Registries. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6890. ISSN 2070-1721. BCP 153. RFC 6890. Best Current Practice 153. Obsoletes RFC 4773, 5156, 5735 and 5736. Updated by RFC 8190.
M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; D. Meyer (March 2010). IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5771. ISSN 2070-1721. BCP 51. RFC 5771. Best Current Practice 51. Obsoletes RFC 3138 and 3171. Updates RFC 2780.
Komosny, Dan (22 July 2021). "Retrospective IP Address Geolocation for Geography-Aware Internet Services". Sensors. 21 (15): 4975. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.4975K. doi:10.3390/s21154975. hdl:11012/200946. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 8348169. PMID 34372212.

IP address (English Wikipedia)

about.com (Global: 216th place; English: 186th place)

compnetworking.about.com

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

cbc.ca (Global: 115th place; English: 82nd place)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610th place; English: 704th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

commission.europa.eu

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

iapp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,131st place; English: 850th place)

ietf.org (Global: 214th place; English: 176th place)

datatracker.ietf.org

ietf.org

ionos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lifewire.com (Global: 5,910th place; English: 4,171st place)

microsoft.com (Global: 153rd place; English: 151st place)

learn.microsoft.com

windows.microsoft.com

support.microsoft.com

docs.microsoft.com

netop.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

online-tech-tips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

oreilly.com (Global: 4,347th place; English: 3,017th place)

purdue.edu (Global: 850th place; English: 625th place)

cs.purdue.edu

rfc-editor.org (Global: 6,184th place; English: 4,465th place)

socallinuxexpo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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webopedia.com (Global: 8,835th place; English: 7,272nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

about.com (Global: 216^th place; English: 186^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

cbc.ca (Global: 115^th place; English: 82^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 850^th place)

ietf.org (Global: 214^th place; English: 176^th place)

lifewire.com (Global: 5,910^th place; English: 4,171^st place)

microsoft.com (Global: 153^rd place; English: 151^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

oreilly.com (Global: 4,347^th place; English: 3,017^th place)

purdue.edu (Global: 850^th place; English: 625^th place)

rfc-editor.org (Global: 6,184^th place; English: 4,465^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

webopedia.com (Global: 8,835^th place; English: 7,272^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)