Ibn al-Haytham (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ibn al-Haytham" in English language version.

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Sabra 1998. Sabra, A. I. (1998), "Configuring the Universe: Aporetic, Problem Solving, and Kinematic Modeling as Themes of Arabic Astronomy", Perspectives on Science, 6 (3): 288–330, doi:10.1162/posc_a_00552, S2CID 117426616

ahdictionary.com

"Ibn al-Haytham". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 23 June 2019.

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"AKU Research Publications 1995–98". Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2015.

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Al Deek 2004. Al Deek, Mahmoud (2004), "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", Al Shindagah (November–December 2004), archived from the original on 17 June 2008, retrieved 21 September 2008

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Smith 2004, pp. 186, 192. Smith, A. Mark (June 2004), "What is the History of Medieval Optics Really About?" (PDF), Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 148 (2): 180–194, JSTOR 1558283, PMID 15338543, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2011

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Neumann, Peter M. (1998), "Reflections on Reflection in a Spherical Mirror", American Mathematical Monthly, 105 (6): 523–528, doi:10.1080/00029890.1998.12004920, JSTOR 2589403, MR 1626185

archive.org

Carl Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, vol. 1 (1898), p. 469.
History Of Science And Technology In Islam Fuat Sezgin. 2011.
Langermann 1990, pp. 34–41; Gondhalekar 2001, p. 21. Langermann, Y. Tzvi (1990), Ibn al Haytham's on the Configuration of the World Gondhalekar, Prabhakar M. (2001), The Grip of Gravity: The Quest to Understand the Laws of Motion and Gravitation, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-80316-0, OCLC 224074913
Katz 1998, p. 269: "In effect, this method characterised parallel lines as lines always equidistant from one another and also introduced the concept of motion into geometry." Katz, Victor J. (1998), History of Mathematics: An Introduction, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-321-01618-1, OCLC 38199387
Translated by S. Pines, as quoted in Sambursky 1974, p. 139. Sambursky, Samuel (1974), Physical Thought from the Presocratics to the Quantum Physicists, Pica Press, pp. 51, ISBN 0-87663-712-8
Alhacen (c.1035) Treatise on Light (رسالة في الضوء) as cited in Shmuel Sambursky, ed. (1975) Physical thought from the Presocratics to the quantum physicists : an anthology, p.137

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Al-Khalili, Jim (4 January 2009). "The 'first true scientist'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2018.

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perspectiva.biblhertz.it

See, for example,De aspectibus Book 7 Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, for his experiments in refraction

books.google.com

Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. "Impact of Science on Society". UNESCO. 26–27: 140. 1976. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2019.. "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". www.light2015.org. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2017.. "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2017.. Specifically, he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then enters an eye. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2016. Selin, Helaine, ed. (2008), "M", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, vol. 1, Springer, p. 1667, ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2
Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
Boudrioua, Azzedine; Rashed, Roshdi; Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan (2017). Light-Based Science: Technology and Sustainable Development, The Legacy of Ibn al-Haytham. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-65112-7. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
A. Mark Smith (1996). Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception: An English Translation of the Optics. American Philosophical Society. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-87169-862-9. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
Gregory, Richard Langton (2004). The Oxford Companion to the Mind. Oxford University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-19-866224-2. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
Varvoglis, Harry (29 January 2014). History and Evolution of Concepts in Physics. Springer. p. 24. ISBN 978-3-319-04292-3. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
"Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science". 6 January 1876. p. 59. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
Hendrix, John Shannon; Carman, Charles H. (5 December 2016). Renaissance Theories of Vision edited by John Shannon Hendrix, Charles. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-317-06640-8. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
Suhail Zubairy, M. (6 January 2024). Quantum Mechanics for Beginners: With Applications to Quantum Communication By M. Suhail Zubairy. Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-885422-7. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
Stamnes, J. J. (2017). Waves in Focal Regions: Propagation, Diffraction and Focusing of Light, Sound and Water Waves. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-40468-6. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
Mach, Ernst (2013). The Principles of Physical Optics: An Historical and Philosophical Treatment. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-17347-4. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
Iizuka, Keigo (2013). Engineering Optics. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-07032-1. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
Mach, Ernst (2013). The Principles of Physical Optics: An Historical and Philosophical Treatment. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-17347-4. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
Kelley, Milone & Aveni 2005, p. 83: "The first clear description of the device appears in the Book of Optics of Alhazen." Kelley, David H.; Milone, E. F.; Aveni, A. F. (2005), Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy, Birkhäuser, ISBN 0-387-95310-8, OCLC 213887290, archived from the original on 5 February 2023, retrieved 7 April 2014
Gaukroger, Stephen (1995). Descartes: An Intellectual Biography. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-151954-3.
Newton, Isaac (1984). The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton. Vol. 1: The Optical Lectures 1670–1672. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-25248-5.
Boudrioua, Azzedine; Rashed, Roshdi; Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan (2017). Light-Based Science: Technology and Sustainable Development, The Legacy of Ibn al-Haytham. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4987-7940-1.
Boudrioua, Azzedine; Rashed, Roshdi; Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan (2017). Light-Based Science: Technology and Sustainable Development, The Legacy of Ibn al-Haytham. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4987-7940-1.
Hershenson 1989, pp. 9–10. Hershenson, Maurice (1989), The Moon Illusion, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, ISBN 0-8058-0121-9, OCLC 20091171, archived from the original on 22 March 2016, retrieved 22 September 2008
Boyer, Carl B.; Merzbach, Uta C. (2011). A History of Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-63056-3. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Alsina & Nelsen 2010. Alsina, Claudi; Nelsen, Roger B. (2010), "9.1 Squarable lunes", Charming Proofs: A Journey into Elegant Mathematics, Dolciani mathematical expositions, vol. 42, Mathematical Association of America, pp. 137–144, ISBN 978-0-88385-348-1
Sabra 2007, pp. 122, 128–129. & Grant 1974, p. 392 notes the Book of Optics has also been denoted as Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis, as De Aspectibus, and also as Perspectiva Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The 'Commentary' That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117–133, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, retrieved 22 January 2014 Grant, Edward (1974), A source book in medieval science, vol. One, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Chong, Lim & Ang 2002 Appendix 3, p. 129. Chong, S.M.; Lim, A.C.H.; Ang, P.S (2002), Photographic Atlas of the Moon, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-81392-1

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referenceworks.brillonline.com

Also Alhacen, Avennathan, Avenetan, etc.; the identity of "Alhazen" with Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "was identified towards the end of the 19th century". (Vernet 1996, p. 788) Vernet, J. (1996) [1960], "Ibn al-Haytham", in Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam (First ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004161214, archived from the original on 9 January 2012, retrieved 11 February 2016
For the description of his main fields, see e.g. Vernet 1996, p. 788 ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") Sabra 2008, Kalin, Ayduz & Dagli 2009 ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), Dallal 1999 ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.") Vernet, J. (1996) [1960], "Ibn al-Haytham", in Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam (First ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004161214, archived from the original on 9 January 2012, retrieved 11 February 2016 Sabra, A. I. (2008) [1970–80], "Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, archived from the original on 17 May 2016, retrieved 28 October 2010 Kalin, Ibrahim; Ayduz, Salim; Dagli, Caner, eds. (2009), "Ibn al-Ḥaytam", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam, Oxford University Press Dallal, Ahmad S. (1999), "Science, Medicine and Technology", in Esposito, John L. (ed.), The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press

britannica.com

Lorch, Richard (1 February 2017). Ibn al-Haytham: Arab astronomer and mathematician. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
"Ibn al-Haytham – Arab Scientist, Mathematician & Optics Pioneer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 June 2025. The term "Arab" appears in the article's subtitle: "Ibn al-Haytham – Arab Scientist, Mathematician & Optics Pioneer."
Lorch 2008. Lorch, Richard (2008), "Ibn al-Haytham", Encyclopædia Britannica, archived from the original on 12 June 2008, retrieved 6 August 2008

cgie.org.ir

"the Great Islamic Encyclopedia". Cgie.org.ir. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2012.^{[verification needed]}

core.ac.uk

"see Schramm's Habilitationsschrift, Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik (Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1963) as cited by Rüdiger Thiele (2005) Historia Mathematica 32, 271–274. "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm, 1928–2005"" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

doi.org

Rashed, Roshdi (1 April 2019). "Fermat et le principe du moindre temps". Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 347 (4): 357–364. Bibcode:2019CRMec.347..357R. doi:10.1016/j.crme.2019.03.010. ISSN 1631-0721. S2CID 145904123.
Lindberg 1967, p. 331:"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"." Lindberg, David C. (1967), "Alhazen's Theory of Vision and Its Reception in the West", Isis, 58 (3): 321–341, doi:10.1086/350266, PMID 4867472, S2CID 10792576
Simon 2006 Simon, G (2006), "The gaze in Ibn al-Haytham.", The Medieval History Journal, 9 (1): 89–98, doi:10.1177/097194580500900105, S2CID 170628785
Tbakhi, Abdelghani; Amr, Samir S. (2007). "Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (6): 464–467. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074172. PMID 18059131.
Al-Khalili 2015. Al-Khalili, Jim (12 February 2015), "In retrospect: Book of Optics", Nature, 518 (7538), Nature Publishing Group: 164–165, Bibcode:2015Natur.518..164A, doi:10.1038/518164a
Enrico Narducci (1871). "Nota intorno ad una traduzione italiana fatta nel secolo decimoquarto del trattato d'ottica d'Alhazen". Bollettino di Bibliografia e di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche e Fisiche. 4: 1–40.. On this version, see Raynaud 2020, pp. 139–153. Raynaud, Dominique (2020), "On the Latin Source of the Italian Version of Alhacen's De aspectibus (Vat. lat. 4595)", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 30 (1), Cambridge University Press: 139–153, doi:10.1017/S0957423919000122, S2CID 214480449
Howard 1996. Howard, Ian P. (1996), "Alhazen's neglected discoveries of visual phenomena", Perception, 25 (10): 1203–1217, doi:10.1068/p251203, PMID 9027923, S2CID 20880413
Aaen-Stockdale 2008 Aaen-Stockdale, C. R. (2008), "Ibn al-Haytham and psychophysics", Perception, 37 (4): 636–638, doi:10.1068/p5940, PMID 18546671, S2CID 43532965
Wade 1998, pp. 240, 316, 334, 367; Howard & Wade 1996, pp. 1195, 1197, 1200. Wade, Nicholas J. (1998), A Natural History of Vision, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Howard, Ian P.; Wade, Nicholas J. (1996), "Ptolemy's contributions to the geometry of binocular vision", Perception, 25 (10): 1189–1201, doi:10.1068/p251189, PMID 9027922, S2CID 34431898
Raynaud 2003. Raynaud, Dominique (2003), "Ibn al-Haytham sur la vision binoculaire: un précurseur de l'optique physiologique", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 13 (1), Cambridge University Press: 79–99, doi:10.1017/S0957423903003047, S2CID 231735113
Smith, A. Mark (2001). "Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of the First Three Books of Alhacen's "De aspectibus", the Medieval Latin Version of Ibn al-Haytham's "Kitāb al-Manāẓir": Volume Two". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 91 (5): 339–819. doi:10.2307/3657357. JSTOR 3657357. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Katz 1995, pp. 165–169, 173–174. Katz, Victor J. (1995), "Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India", Mathematics Magazine, 68 (3): 163–174, doi:10.2307/2691411, JSTOR 2691411
Smith 1992. Smith, John D. (1 March 1992), "The Remarkable Ibn al-Haytham", The Mathematical Gazette, 76 (475), Mathematical Association: 189–198, doi:10.2307/3620392, ISSN 0025-5572, JSTOR 3620392, S2CID 118597450
Elkin, Jack M. (1965), "A deceptively easy problem", Mathematics Teacher, 58 (3): 194–199, doi:10.5951/MT.58.3.0194, JSTOR 27968003
Neumann, Peter M. (1998), "Reflections on Reflection in a Spherical Mirror", American Mathematical Monthly, 105 (6): 523–528, doi:10.1080/00029890.1998.12004920, JSTOR 2589403, MR 1626185
Wade & Finger 2001: "The principles of the camera obscura first began to be correctly analysed in the eleventh century, when they were outlined by Ibn al-Haytham." Wade, Nicholas J.; Finger, Stanley (2001), "The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective", Perception, 30 (10): 1157–1177, doi:10.1068/p3210, PMID 11721819, S2CID 8185797
Aaen-Stockdale 2008. Aaen-Stockdale, C. R. (2008), "Ibn al-Haytham and psychophysics", Perception, 37 (4): 636–638, doi:10.1068/p5940, PMID 18546671, S2CID 43532965
Ross 2000. Ross, H.E. (2000), "Cleomedes c. 1st century AD) on the celestial illusion, atmospheric enlargement and size-distance invariance", Perception, 29 (7): 853–861, doi:10.1068/p2937, PMID 11064807, S2CID 24967431
Ross & Ross 1976. Ross, H .E.; Ross, G .M. (1976), "Did Ptolemy understand the moon illusion?", Perception, 5 (4): 377–385, doi:10.1068/p050377, PMID 794813, S2CID 23948158
El-Bizri 2005a, 2005b. El-Bizri, Nader (2005a), "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 15 (2), Cambridge University Press: 189–218, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000172, S2CID 123057532 El-Bizri, Nader (2005b), "Ibn al-Haytham", in Wallis, Faith (ed.), Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia, New York & London: Routledge, pp. 237–240, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, OCLC 218847614
Toomer 1964, pp. 463–464 Toomer, G. J. (December 1964), "Review: Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik by Matthias Schramm", Isis, 55 (4): 463–465, doi:10.1086/349914
Toomer 1964, p. 465 Toomer, G. J. (December 1964), "Review: Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik by Matthias Schramm", Isis, 55 (4): 463–465, doi:10.1086/349914
Sabra 1998. Sabra, A. I. (1998), "Configuring the Universe: Aporetic, Problem Solving, and Kinematic Modeling as Themes of Arabic Astronomy", Perspectives on Science, 6 (3): 288–330, doi:10.1162/posc_a_00552, S2CID 117426616
Rashed 2007. Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 17, Cambridge University Press: 7–55, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355, S2CID 170934544
Eckart 2018 Eckart, Andreas (March 2018), "The Early Great Debate: A Comment on Ibn Al-Haytham's Work on the Location of the Milky Way with Respect to the Earth", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 28 (1): 1–30, doi:10.1017/S0957423917000078, S2CID 171746839
Rashed 2007, pp. 8–9. Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 17, Cambridge University Press: 7–55, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355, S2CID 170934544
Katz, Victor J. (1995). "Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India". Mathematics Magazine. 68 (3): 163–174 [165–169, 173–174]year=1995. doi:10.2307/2691411. JSTOR 2691411.
El-Bizri 2007. El-Bizri, Nader (2007), "In Defence of the Sovereignty of Philosophy: Al-Baghdadi's Critique of Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrisation of Place", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 17, Cambridge University Press: 57–80, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000367, S2CID 170960993
Smith 2005, pp. 219–240. Smith, A. Mark (2005), "The Alhacenian Account of Spatial Perception And Its Epistemological Implications", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 15 (2), Cambridge University Press: 219–240, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000184, S2CID 171003284
Bettany 1995, p. 251 Bettany, Laurence (1995), "Ibn al-Haytham: an answer to multicultural science teaching?", Physics Education, 30 (4): 247–252, Bibcode:1995PhyEd..30..247B, doi:10.1088/0031-9120/30/4/011, S2CID 250826188
Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 17 (1): 7–55 [11], doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355
Rashed 2007, p. 11. Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 17, Cambridge University Press: 7–55, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355, S2CID 170934544
Sabra 2007. Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The 'Commentary' That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117–133, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, retrieved 22 January 2014
Sabra 2007, pp. 122, 128–129. & Grant 1974, p. 392 notes the Book of Optics has also been denoted as Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis, as De Aspectibus, and also as Perspectiva Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The 'Commentary' That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117–133, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, retrieved 22 January 2014 Grant, Edward (1974), A source book in medieval science, vol. One, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Magill & Aves 1998, p. 66: "Sabra discusses in detail the impact of Alhazen's ideas on the optical discoveries of such men as Descartes and Christiaan Huygens; see also El-Bizri 2005a." Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998), "The Middles Ages: Alhazen", Dictionary of World Biography, vol. 2, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-57958-041-4 El-Bizri, Nader (2005a), "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 15 (2), Cambridge University Press: 189–218, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000172, S2CID 123057532
Winter, H. J. J. (September 1953). "The Optical Researches of Ibn Al-Haitham". Centaurus. 3 (1): 190–210. Bibcode:1953Cent....3..190W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1953.tb00529.x. ISSN 0008-8994. PMID 13209613.
Rashed 2002a, p. 773. Rashed, Roshdi (August 2002a), "A Polymath in the 10th century", Science, 297 (5582): 773, doi:10.1126/science.1074591, ISSN 0036-8075, PMID 12161634
Rashed 2007, pp. 8–9; Topdemir 2007 Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 17, Cambridge University Press: 7–55, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355, S2CID 170934544 Topdemir, Huseyin Gazi (18 July 2007), Ibn al-Haytham (965–1039): His Life and Works

encyclopedia.com

For the description of his main fields, see e.g. Vernet 1996, p. 788 ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") Sabra 2008, Kalin, Ayduz & Dagli 2009 ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), Dallal 1999 ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.") Vernet, J. (1996) [1960], "Ibn al-Haytham", in Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam (First ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004161214, archived from the original on 9 January 2012, retrieved 11 February 2016 Sabra, A. I. (2008) [1970–80], "Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, archived from the original on 17 May 2016, retrieved 28 October 2010 Kalin, Ibrahim; Ayduz, Salim; Dagli, Caner, eds. (2009), "Ibn al-Ḥaytam", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam, Oxford University Press Dallal, Ahmad S. (1999), "Science, Medicine and Technology", in Esposito, John L. (ed.), The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press
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Al-Khalili 2015. Al-Khalili, Jim (12 February 2015), "In retrospect: Book of Optics", Nature, 518 (7538), Nature Publishing Group: 164–165, Bibcode:2015Natur.518..164A, doi:10.1038/518164a
Ross & Plug 2002. Ross, H .E.; Plug, C. (2002), The mystery of the moon illusion: Exploring size perception, Oxford University Press, Bibcode:2002mmi..book.....R, ISBN 978-0-19-850862-5
Bettany 1995, p. 251 Bettany, Laurence (1995), "Ibn al-Haytham: an answer to multicultural science teaching?", Physics Education, 30 (4): 247–252, Bibcode:1995PhyEd..30..247B, doi:10.1088/0031-9120/30/4/011, S2CID 250826188
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A. Mark Smith has determined that there were at least two translators, based on their facility with Arabic; the first, more experienced scholar began the translation at the beginning of Book One, and handed it off in the middle of Chapter Three of Book Three. Smith 2001 91 Volume 1: Commentary and Latin text pp.xx–xxi. See also his 2006, 2008, 2010 translations. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
G. J. Toomer. JSTOR 228328?pg=464, Toomer's 1964 review of Matthias Schramm (1963) Ibn Al-Haythams Weg Zur Physik] Archived 26 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Toomer p. 464: "Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method."
For Ibn al-Haytham's life and works, Smith 2001, p. cxix recommends Sabra 1989, pp. vol. 2, xix–lxxiii Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine) Sabra, A. I., ed. (1989), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I–II–III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols, Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40, translated by Sabra, A. I., London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, ISBN 0-85481-072-2, OCLC 165564751
Smith 2001, p. xxi. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
Smith 2001, p. xxii. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
Smith 2001, p. lxxix. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
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From Ibn Abi Usaibia's catalog, as cited in Smith 2001 91(vol. 1), p. xv. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)

light2015.org

Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. "Impact of Science on Society". UNESCO. 26–27: 140. 1976. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2019.. "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". www.light2015.org. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2017.. "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2017.. Specifically, he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then enters an eye. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2016. Selin, Helaine, ed. (2008), "M", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, vol. 1, Springer, p. 1667, ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2
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A. Mark Smith has determined that there were at least two translators, based on their facility with Arabic; the first, more experienced scholar began the translation at the beginning of Book One, and handed it off in the middle of Chapter Three of Book Three. Smith 2001 91 Volume 1: Commentary and Latin text pp.xx–xxi. See also his 2006, 2008, 2010 translations. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
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Disputed: Corbin 1993, p. 149. Corbin, Henry (1993) [Original French 1964], History of Islamic Philosophy, translated by Sherrard, Liadain; Sherrard, Philip, London: Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, ISBN 0-7103-0416-1, OCLC 22109949
(Child, Shuter & Taylor 1992, p. 70), (Dessel, Nehrich & Voran 1973, p. 164), Understanding History by John Child, Paul Shuter, David Taylor, p. 70. "Alhazen, a Persian scientist, showed that the eye saw light from other objects. This started optics, the science of light. The Arabs also studied astronomy, the study of the stars. " Child, John; Shuter, Paul; Taylor, David (1992). Understanding history. Oxford: Heinemann Educational. ISBN 0435312111. OCLC 27338645. Dessel, Norman F.; Nehrich, Richard B.; Voran, Glenn I. (1973). Science and human destiny. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070165809.
Tbakhi, Abdelghani; Amr, Samir S. (2007). "Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (6): 464–467. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074172. PMID 18059131.
Corbin 1993, p. 149. Corbin, Henry (1993) [Original French 1964], History of Islamic Philosophy, translated by Sherrard, Liadain; Sherrard, Philip, London: Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, ISBN 0-7103-0416-1, OCLC 22109949
For Ibn al-Haytham's life and works, Smith 2001, p. cxix recommends Sabra 1989, pp. vol. 2, xix–lxxiii Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine) Sabra, A. I., ed. (1989), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I–II–III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols, Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40, translated by Sabra, A. I., London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, ISBN 0-85481-072-2, OCLC 165564751
Smith 2001, p. xxi. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
Smith 2001, p. xxii. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
Smith 2001, p. lxxix. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
Lindberg 1976, p. 73. Lindberg, David C. (1976), Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ISBN 0-226-48234-0, OCLC 1676198
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From Ibn Abi Usaibia's catalog, as cited in Smith 2001 91(vol. 1), p. xv. Smith, A. Mark, ed. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91–4, 91–5, translated by Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine)

worldcat.org

Haq, Syed (2009). "Science in Islam". Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. ISSN 1703-7603. Retrieved 22 October 2014.