Ibn al-Nafis (English Wikipedia)

Amr, S. S.; Tbakhi, A. (2007). "Ibn Al-Nafis: Discoverer of the Pulmonary Circulation". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (5): 385–387. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.385. PMC 6077055. PMID 17921693. In addition to his medical studies, Ibn al-Nafis learnt Islamic religious law, and became a renowned expert on Shafi'i school of jurisprudence (Fiqh). He lectured at al-Masruriyya School in Cairo. His name was included in a book on "Great Classes of Shafi'i Scholars (Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyin al-Kubra) by Taj al-Din al-Subki indicating his fame in religious law.
Majeed, Azeem (2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Haddad, Sami; Amin A. Khairallah (1936). "A Forgotten Chapter in the History of the Circulation of Blood". Annals of Surgery. 104 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-193607000-00001. PMC 1390327. PMID 17856795.
Numan, Mohammed T. (6 August 2014). "Ibn Al Nafis: His Seminal Contributions to Cardiology". Pediatric Cardiology. 35 (7): 1088–90. doi:10.1007/s00246-014-0990-7. PMID 25096906. S2CID 683719.
Savage-Smith, Emilie (1955). "Attitudes Toward Dissection in Medieval Islam". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 50 (1): 74. doi:10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67. PMID 7876530.
Savage-Smith, Emilie (1955). "Attitudes Toward Dissection in Medieval Islam". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 50 (1): 91. doi:10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67. PMID 7876530.

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"Metabolism: The Physiological Power-Generating Process". pulse.embs.org. 26 September 2024.

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Shuttleworth, Martyn (2009). "Islamic ophthalmology". Explorable.

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Patrice Le Floch-Prigent and Dominique Delaval (April 2014). "The discovery of the pulmonary circulation by Ibn al Nafis during the 13th century: an anatomical approach". The FASEB Journal. 28.

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"‫الوراق: أمالي العلاء‬". Goodreads. Retrieved 5 January 2025.

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Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y., M. Ahmad, and A. Z. Iskandar. "Factors behind the decline of Islamic science after the sixteenth century." History of science and technology in Islam. Available via: http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%208.html Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine (2001).

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Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (cf. Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher Archived 6 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).

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kateb (25 January 2024). "گزارش نشست نقد و بررسی کتاب «ابن‌نفیس و نسخه‌نویس»". مؤسسه پژوهشی میراث مکتوب (in Persian). Retrieved 5 January 2025.

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Abdel-Halim, Rabie El-Said (12 June 2011). "Contributions of Ibn al-Nafis to the Progress of Medicine and Urology". Muslim Heritage.

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Nahyan A.G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 42, 60, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[1] Archived 4 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Nahyan A.G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)" Archived 4 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 209–10 (Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame).

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Amr, S. S.; Tbakhi, A. (2007). "Ibn Al-Nafis: Discoverer of the Pulmonary Circulation". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (5): 385–387. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.385. PMC 6077055. PMID 17921693. In addition to his medical studies, Ibn al-Nafis learnt Islamic religious law, and became a renowned expert on Shafi'i school of jurisprudence (Fiqh). He lectured at al-Masruriyya School in Cairo. His name was included in a book on "Great Classes of Shafi'i Scholars (Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyin al-Kubra) by Taj al-Din al-Subki indicating his fame in religious law.
Majeed, Azeem (2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Masic, I.; Dilic, M.; Solakovic, E.; Rustempasic, N.; Ridjanovic, Z. (2008). "Why historians of medicine called Ibn al-Nafis second Avicenna?". Medicinski Arhiv. 62 (4): 244–249. PMID 19145813.
Haddad, Sami; Amin A. Khairallah (1936). "A Forgotten Chapter in the History of the Circulation of Blood". Annals of Surgery. 104 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-193607000-00001. PMC 1390327. PMID 17856795.
Numan, Mohammed T. (6 August 2014). "Ibn Al Nafis: His Seminal Contributions to Cardiology". Pediatric Cardiology. 35 (7): 1088–90. doi:10.1007/s00246-014-0990-7. PMID 25096906. S2CID 683719.
Savage-Smith, Emilie (1955). "Attitudes Toward Dissection in Medieval Islam". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 50 (1): 74. doi:10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67. PMID 7876530.
Savage-Smith, Emilie (1955). "Attitudes Toward Dissection in Medieval Islam". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 50 (1): 91. doi:10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67. PMID 7876530.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amr, S. S.; Tbakhi, A. (2007). "Ibn Al-Nafis: Discoverer of the Pulmonary Circulation". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (5): 385–387. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.385. PMC 6077055. PMID 17921693. In addition to his medical studies, Ibn al-Nafis learnt Islamic religious law, and became a renowned expert on Shafi'i school of jurisprudence (Fiqh). He lectured at al-Masruriyya School in Cairo. His name was included in a book on "Great Classes of Shafi'i Scholars (Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyin al-Kubra) by Taj al-Din al-Subki indicating his fame in religious law.
Majeed, Azeem (2005). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Haddad, Sami; Amin A. Khairallah (1936). "A Forgotten Chapter in the History of the Circulation of Blood". Annals of Surgery. 104 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-193607000-00001. PMC 1390327. PMID 17856795.

nlm.nih.gov

"Islamic Medical Manuscripts: Catalogue – Hippocratic Writings". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 April 2018.

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Fancy, DNayhan (16 October 2014). "Ibn Al-Nafīs and Pulmonary Transit". Qatar National Library. Retrieved 22 April 2015.

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api.semanticscholar.org

Numan, Mohammed T. (6 August 2014). "Ibn Al Nafis: His Seminal Contributions to Cardiology". Pediatric Cardiology. 35 (7): 1088–90. doi:10.1007/s00246-014-0990-7. PMID 25096906. S2CID 683719.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y., M. Ahmad, and A. Z. Iskandar. "Factors behind the decline of Islamic science after the sixteenth century." History of science and technology in Islam. Available via: http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%208.html Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine (2001).
Nahyan A.G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 42, 60, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[1] Archived 4 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Nahyan A.G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)" Archived 4 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 209–10 (Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame).
Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (cf. Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher Archived 6 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).

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de.wikipedia.org

Group of scholars (2013). Ahmad Farid al-Mazidi (ed.). شروح وحواشي العقائد النسفية لأهل السنة والجماعة (الأشاعرة والماتريدية) (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 16. ISBN 9782745147851.
Kamal al-Din ibn Abi Sharif (2017). Muhammad al-'Azazi (ed.). الفرائد في حل شرح العقائد وهو حاشية ابن أبي شريف على شرح العقائد للتفتازاني (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 4. ISBN 9782745189509.

Ibn al-Nafis (English Wikipedia)

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