Huang Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Salem M, Greig GM, Chan CC, et al. (May 2006). "Preferential inhibition of human phosphodiesterase 4 by ibudilast". Life Sciences. 78 (23): 2663–2668. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.026. PMID16313925.
Suzumura A, Ito A, Yoshikawa M, Sawada M (August 1999). "Ibudilast suppresses TNFalpha production by glial cells functioning mainly as type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the CNS". Brain Research. 837 (1–2): 203–212. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01666-2. PMID10434004. S2CID7910607.
Gibson LC, Hastings SF, McPhee I, Clayton RA, Darroch CE, Mackenzie A, et al. (May 2006). "The inhibitory profile of Ibudilast against the human phosphodiesterase enzyme family". European Journal of Pharmacology. 538 (1–3): 39–42. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.053. PMID16674936.
Kishi Y, Ohta S, Kasuya N, Sakita S, Ashikaga T, Isobe M (Fall 2001). "Ibudilast: a non-selective PDE inhibitor with multiple actions on blood cells and the vascular wall". Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. 19 (3): 215–225. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2001.tb00066.x. PMID11607039.
Mizuno T, Kurotani T, Komatsu Y, Kawanokuchi J, Kato H, Mitsuma N, Suzumura A (March 2004). "Neuroprotective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast on neuronal cell death induced by activated microglia". Neuropharmacology. 46 (3): 404–411. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.09.009. PMID14975696. S2CID29284554.
Yoshioka M, Suda N, Mori K, Ueno K, Itoh Y, Togashi H, Matsumoto M (April 2002). "Effects of ibudilast on hippocampal long-term potentiation and passive avoidance responses in rats with transient cerebral ischemia". Pharmacological Research. 45 (4): 305–311. doi:10.1006/phrs.2002.0949. PMID12030794.
Wakita H, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Lin JX, Ihara M, Ohtani R, Shibata M (November 2003). "Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, protects against white matter damage under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat". Brain Research. 992 (1): 53–59. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.028. PMID14604772. S2CID24917936.
Rile G, Yatomi Y, Qi R, Satoh K, Ozaki Y (May 2001). "Potentiation of ibudilast inhibition of platelet aggregation in the presence of endothelial cells". Thrombosis Research. 102 (3): 239–246. doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00258-4. PMID11369417.
Feng J, Misu T, Fujihara K, Sakoda S, Nakatsuji Y, Fukaura H, et al. (October 2004). "Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regulates Th1/Th2 balance and NKT cell subset in multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis. 10 (5): 494–498. doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1070oa. PMID15471363. S2CID34072005.
Ledeboer A, Hutchinson MR, Watkins LR, Johnson KW (July 2007). "Ibudilast (AV-411). A new class therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain and opioid withdrawal syndromes". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 16 (7): 935–950. doi:10.1517/13543784.16.7.935. PMID17594181. S2CID22321634.
Jia ZJ, Wu FX, Huang QH, Liu JM (April 2012). "[Toll-like receptor 4: the potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain]". Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. 34 (2): 168–173. doi:10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2012.02.013. PMID22776604.
Komatsu T, Sakurada S, Katsuyama S, Sanai K, Sakurada T (2009-01-01). "Mechanism of allodynia evoked by intrathecal morphine-3-glucuronide in mice". International Review of Neurobiology. 85: 207–219. doi:10.1016/S0074-7742(09)85016-2. PMID19607972.
Huang Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Salem M, Greig GM, Chan CC, et al. (May 2006). "Preferential inhibition of human phosphodiesterase 4 by ibudilast". Life Sciences. 78 (23): 2663–2668. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.026. PMID16313925.
Suzumura A, Ito A, Yoshikawa M, Sawada M (August 1999). "Ibudilast suppresses TNFalpha production by glial cells functioning mainly as type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the CNS". Brain Research. 837 (1–2): 203–212. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01666-2. PMID10434004. S2CID7910607.
Gibson LC, Hastings SF, McPhee I, Clayton RA, Darroch CE, Mackenzie A, et al. (May 2006). "The inhibitory profile of Ibudilast against the human phosphodiesterase enzyme family". European Journal of Pharmacology. 538 (1–3): 39–42. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.053. PMID16674936.
Kishi Y, Ohta S, Kasuya N, Sakita S, Ashikaga T, Isobe M (Fall 2001). "Ibudilast: a non-selective PDE inhibitor with multiple actions on blood cells and the vascular wall". Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. 19 (3): 215–225. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2001.tb00066.x. PMID11607039.
Mizuno T, Kurotani T, Komatsu Y, Kawanokuchi J, Kato H, Mitsuma N, Suzumura A (March 2004). "Neuroprotective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast on neuronal cell death induced by activated microglia". Neuropharmacology. 46 (3): 404–411. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.09.009. PMID14975696. S2CID29284554.
Yoshioka M, Suda N, Mori K, Ueno K, Itoh Y, Togashi H, Matsumoto M (April 2002). "Effects of ibudilast on hippocampal long-term potentiation and passive avoidance responses in rats with transient cerebral ischemia". Pharmacological Research. 45 (4): 305–311. doi:10.1006/phrs.2002.0949. PMID12030794.
Wakita H, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Lin JX, Ihara M, Ohtani R, Shibata M (November 2003). "Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, protects against white matter damage under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat". Brain Research. 992 (1): 53–59. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.028. PMID14604772. S2CID24917936.
Rile G, Yatomi Y, Qi R, Satoh K, Ozaki Y (May 2001). "Potentiation of ibudilast inhibition of platelet aggregation in the presence of endothelial cells". Thrombosis Research. 102 (3): 239–246. doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00258-4. PMID11369417.
Feng J, Misu T, Fujihara K, Sakoda S, Nakatsuji Y, Fukaura H, et al. (October 2004). "Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regulates Th1/Th2 balance and NKT cell subset in multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis. 10 (5): 494–498. doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1070oa. PMID15471363. S2CID34072005.
Ledeboer A, Hutchinson MR, Watkins LR, Johnson KW (July 2007). "Ibudilast (AV-411). A new class therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain and opioid withdrawal syndromes". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 16 (7): 935–950. doi:10.1517/13543784.16.7.935. PMID17594181. S2CID22321634.
Jia ZJ, Wu FX, Huang QH, Liu JM (April 2012). "[Toll-like receptor 4: the potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain]". Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. 34 (2): 168–173. doi:10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2012.02.013. PMID22776604.
Komatsu T, Sakurada S, Katsuyama S, Sanai K, Sakurada T (2009-01-01). "Mechanism of allodynia evoked by intrathecal morphine-3-glucuronide in mice". International Review of Neurobiology. 85: 207–219. doi:10.1016/S0074-7742(09)85016-2. PMID19607972.
Suzumura A, Ito A, Yoshikawa M, Sawada M (August 1999). "Ibudilast suppresses TNFalpha production by glial cells functioning mainly as type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the CNS". Brain Research. 837 (1–2): 203–212. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01666-2. PMID10434004. S2CID7910607.
Mizuno T, Kurotani T, Komatsu Y, Kawanokuchi J, Kato H, Mitsuma N, Suzumura A (March 2004). "Neuroprotective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast on neuronal cell death induced by activated microglia". Neuropharmacology. 46 (3): 404–411. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.09.009. PMID14975696. S2CID29284554.
Wakita H, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Lin JX, Ihara M, Ohtani R, Shibata M (November 2003). "Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, protects against white matter damage under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat". Brain Research. 992 (1): 53–59. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.028. PMID14604772. S2CID24917936.
Feng J, Misu T, Fujihara K, Sakoda S, Nakatsuji Y, Fukaura H, et al. (October 2004). "Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regulates Th1/Th2 balance and NKT cell subset in multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis. 10 (5): 494–498. doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1070oa. PMID15471363. S2CID34072005.
Ledeboer A, Hutchinson MR, Watkins LR, Johnson KW (July 2007). "Ibudilast (AV-411). A new class therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain and opioid withdrawal syndromes". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 16 (7): 935–950. doi:10.1517/13543784.16.7.935. PMID17594181. S2CID22321634.