Imamate in Twelver doctrine (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Imamate in Twelver doctrine" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

79archive.org

6^th place

13doi.org

2^nd place

12worldcat.org

5^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

3iranicaonline.org

358^th place

433^rd place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1imamsadeq.com

low place

archive.org

Tabataba'i 1975, p. 10. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908.
Lalani 2000, p. 20; Gleave 2004, p. 350. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Gleave, R. (2004). "Imamate". In Martin, R.C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 350–351. ISBN 0028656059.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Gleave 2004. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Gleave, R. (2004). "Imamate". In Martin, R.C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 350–351. ISBN 0028656059.
Gleave 2004; Mavani 2013, p. 6; Lalani 2000, p. 20; Momen 1985, p. 147. Gleave, R. (2004). "Imamate". In Martin, R.C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 350–351. ISBN 0028656059. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
Mavani 2013, pp. 6–7. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 2; Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, p. 66; Mavani 2013, p. 4. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Zaman 2004, p. 349. Zaman, M.Q. (2004). "Imam". In Martin, R.C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 349–350. ISBN 0028656059.
Yücesoy 2013, p. 249; Sachedina 1988; Takim 2006, p. 5. Yücesoy, H. (2013). "Imamate". In Bowering, G. (ed.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. pp. 247–250. ISBN 9780691134840. Sachedina, A.A. (1988). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195119150. Takim, L.N. (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791467381.
Sachedina 1988, p. 90; Jafri 1979, p. 291. Sachedina, A.A. (1988). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195119150. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Ayoub 1984, p. 155; Mavani 2013, p. 43. Ayoub, M. (1984). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters. State University of New York Press. ISBN 087395727X. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Sachedina 1988, p. 90; Jafri 1979, p. 290. Sachedina, A.A. (1988). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195119150. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Crone 2005, pp. 110–111; Sachedina 1988, p. 62; Gleave 2004, p. 350. Crone, P. (2005). Medieval Islamic Political Thought. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748621946. Sachedina, A.A. (1988). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195119150. Gleave, R. (2004). "Imamate". In Martin, R.C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 350–351. ISBN 0028656059.
Amir-Moezzi 2005; Mavani 2013, p. 7; Nasr 1972, p. 160. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312.
Tabataba'i 1975, p. 186; Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, p. 66. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908. Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737.
Yücesoy 2013, p. 247; Jafri 1979, p. 291. Yücesoy, H. (2013). "Imamate". In Bowering, G. (ed.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. pp. 247–250. ISBN 9780691134840. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Haider 2014, p. 34; Mavani 2013, p. 40. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Jafri 1979, pp. 291, 294; Mavani 2013, pp. 4, 11. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr 1972, p. 162; Mavani 2013, p. 44. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr 1972, p. 162; Jafri 1979, p. 291; Momen 1985, pp. 150, 159; Lalani 2000, p. 65. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928.
Nasr 1972, p. 163; Mavani 2013, p. 51. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, pp. 51–52, 55; Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 2; Momen 1985, pp. 148, 157; Ayoub 1978, p. 55. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Ayoub, M. (1978). Redemptive Suffering in Islām: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of 'Āshūrā' in Twelver Shī'ism. Mouton. ISBN 902797943X.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 103; Donaldson 1933, p. 339. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Momen 1985, p. 147, 159; Yücesoy 2013, p. 248. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Yücesoy, H. (2013). "Imamate". In Bowering, G. (ed.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. pp. 247–250. ISBN 9780691134840.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Madelung 2012; Dakake 2007. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 102. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496.
Yücesoy 2013, p. 248; Donaldson 1933, pp. 107–108. Yücesoy, H. (2013). "Imamate". In Bowering, G. (ed.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. pp. 247–250. ISBN 9780691134840. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, pp. 98, 103; Haider 2014, pp. 25, 29, 42–43; Mavani 2013, p. 8. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Gleave 2004, p. 351. Gleave, R. (2004). "Imamate". In Martin, R.C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 350–351. ISBN 0028656059.
Tabataba'i 1975, pp. 184–185; Haider 2014, pp. 25–26, 43. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432.
Mavani 2013, p. 11. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Madelung 2012; Tabataba'i 1975, p. 185; Momen 1985, p. 148. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
Madelung 2012; Momen 1985, p. 154; Jafri 1979, p. 295. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, p. 67; Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 4; Takim 2006, p. 27; Jafri 1979, pp. 290–291. Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Takim, L.N. (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791467381. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Jafri 1979, p. 290. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Arjomand 1988, p. 4; Jafri 1979, p. 295. Arjomand, S.A. (1988). "Introduction: Shi'ism, Authority, and Political Culture". In Arjomand, S.A. (ed.). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. State University of New York Press. pp. 1–24. ISBN 0887066380. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Jafri 1979, p. 299. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Lalani 2000, p. 78; Jafri 1979, p. 293; Takim 2006, p. 28. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802. Takim, L.N. (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791467381.
Momen 1985, pp. 154–155; Donaldson 1933, pp. 314, 323; Sachedina 1988, p. 59; Yücesoy 2013, p. 249; Mavani 2013, p. 91. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified] Sachedina, A.A. (1988). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195119150. Yücesoy, H. (2013). "Imamate". In Bowering, G. (ed.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. pp. 247–250. ISBN 9780691134840. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Lalani 2000, p. 83; Haider 2014, p. 42; Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496.
Donaldson 1933, p. 318. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Jafri 1979, p. 291. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Momen 1985, p. 156; Mavani 2013, pp. 51, 91; Kohlberg 1988, p. 26. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Kohlberg, E. (1988). "Imam and Community in the Pre-Ghayba Period". In Arjomand, S.A. (ed.). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. State University of New York Press. pp. 25–53. ISBN 0887066380.
Madelung 2012; Momen 1985, p. 150; Mavani 2013, p. 52. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 5; Momen 1985, p. 156; Ayoub 1978, p. 65; Kohlberg 1988, p. 30. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Ayoub, M. (1978). Redemptive Suffering in Islām: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of 'Āshūrā' in Twelver Shī'ism. Mouton. ISBN 902797943X. Kohlberg, E. (1988). "Imam and Community in the Pre-Ghayba Period". In Arjomand, S.A. (ed.). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. State University of New York Press. pp. 25–53. ISBN 0887066380.
Mavani 2013, p. 52; Afsaruddin 2011; Modarressi 1993, p. 28. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Modarressi, S.H. (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shī'ite Islam: Abu Ja'far ibn Qiba al-Rāzī and His Contribution to Imāmi Shī'ite Thought. Darwin Press. ISBN 0878500952.
Haider 2014, p. 42; Lalani 2000, p. 82; Donaldson 1933, p. 322. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Tabataba'i 1975, p. 185. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908.
Momen 1985, p. 155; Mavani 2013, pp. 90–91. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, pp. 90–91; Donaldson 1933, p. 326; Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 99. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified] Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496.
Mavani 2013, pp. 90–91. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, pp. 26–27; Lalani 2000, p. 82. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928.
Ayoub 1984, p. 156; Donaldson 1933, p. 321. Ayoub, M. (1984). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters. State University of New York Press. ISBN 087395727X. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Momen 1985, p. 155; Tabataba'i 1975, p. 189. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908.
Tabataba'i 1975, p. 189. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908.
Donaldson 1933, p. 306; Ayoub 1984, p. 155. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified] Ayoub, M. (1984). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters. State University of New York Press. ISBN 087395727X.
Amir-Moezzi 1994, pp. 44–45; Mavani 2013, pp. 50–51. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, p. 51; Ayoub 1978, p. 55. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Ayoub, M. (1978). Redemptive Suffering in Islām: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of 'Āshūrā' in Twelver Shī'ism. Mouton. ISBN 902797943X.
Amir-Moezzi 1994, pp. 44–45; Mavani 2013, p. 48. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Corbin 2006, p. 41; Jafri 1979, p. 294. Corbin, H. (2006). History of Islamic Philosophy. Translated by Sherrard, L.; Sherrard, P. Kegan Paul International.[ISBN unspecified] Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Momen 1985, pp. 148–149; Lalani 2000, p. 80; Ayoub 1978, p. 540; Crone 2005, p. 122; Mavani 2013, pp. 49, 55. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Ayoub, M. (1978). Redemptive Suffering in Islām: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of 'Āshūrā' in Twelver Shī'ism. Mouton. ISBN 902797943X. Crone, P. (2005). Medieval Islamic Political Thought. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748621946. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr 1972, p. 162; Mavani 2013, pp. 48–49. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, pp. 7, 48–49, 56; Lalani 2000, p. 68. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928.
Nasr 1972, p. 162; Lalani 2000, p. 82. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928.
Dakake 2007, p. 134; Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 103. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496.
Dakake 2007, pp. 134, 137; Mavani 2013, pp. 51–52; Donaldson 1933, pp. 344–345. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 103. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496.
Haider 2014, p. 34; Mavani 2013, p. 40; Ayoub 1978, p. 58. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Ayoub, M. (1978). Redemptive Suffering in Islām: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of 'Āshūrā' in Twelver Shī'ism. Mouton. ISBN 902797943X.
Lalani 2000, p. 75; Donaldson 1933, p. 352; Momen 1985, p. 158. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified] Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, pp. 73–75; Donaldson 1933, p. 353. Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Madelung 2012; Mavani 2013, p. 43. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Lalani 2000, p. 83; Takim 2006, pp. 26–27; Mavani 2013, p. 11. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Takim, L.N. (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791467381. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Momen 1985, p. 152; Lalani 2000, pp. 66–67; Haider 2014, p. 64; Mavani 2013, p. 41. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Haider, N. (2014). Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031432. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, p. 41. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, pp. 24–25, 55; Donaldson 1933, p. 353; Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, p. 75. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified] Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737.
Donaldson 1933, p. 351; Momen 1985, p. 158. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified] Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
Dakake 2007, p. 181; Donaldson 1933, pp. 351–352. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336. Donaldson, D.M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak. Luzac & Company.[ISBN unspecified]
Mavani 2013, p. 52,53. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Mavani 2013, p. 33. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 96. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496.

books.google.com

Momen 1985, p. 173. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
McDermott 1978, p. 385. McDermott, Martin J. (1978). The Theology of Al-Shaikh Al-Mufīd. Dar el-Machreq éditeurs. ISBN 978-2-7214-5601-4.
Akhtar Rizvi 1988, p. 12. Akhtar Rizvi, Sayyid Saeed (1988). Imamate: The vicegerency of the Holy Prophet. Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania. ISBN 978-9976-956-13-9.

britannica.com

Britannica 2007. Britannica (2007). "Shi'ite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-11-06.

doi.org

Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Madelung 2012; Dakake 2007. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Madelung 2012; Tabataba'i 1975, p. 185; Momen 1985, p. 148. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
Madelung 2012; Momen 1985, p. 154; Jafri 1979, p. 295. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Kohlberg 2012. Kohlberg, E. (2012). "Muḥammad b. 'Alī Zayn al-'Ābidīn". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5346. ISBN 9789004161214.
Madelung 2012; Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, p. 66. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737.
Madelung 2012; Lalani 2000, p. 79. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928.
Madelung 2012; Momen 1985, p. 150; Mavani 2013, p. 52. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Madelung 2012; Amir-Moezzi 1994, p. 29. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228.
Amir-Moezzi 1994, p. 45; Momen 1985, p. 150; Madelung 2012. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912.
Dakake 2007, pp. 18, 21, 23; Lalani 2000, p. 82; Wensinck & Crone 2012. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Wensinck, A.J.; Crone, P. (2012). "Mawlā". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0714. ISBN 9789004161214.
Madelung 2012; Mavani 2013, p. 43. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.

dx.doi.org

Kohlberg 2012. Kohlberg, E. (2012). "Muḥammad b. 'Alī Zayn al-'Ābidīn". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5346. ISBN 9789004161214.
Dakake 2007, pp. 18, 21, 23; Lalani 2000, p. 82; Wensinck & Crone 2012. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928. Wensinck, A.J.; Crone, P. (2012). "Mawlā". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0714. ISBN 9789004161214.

imamsadeq.com

Sobhani 2015. Sobhani, Ja'far (2015). "Imamate and succession". imamsadeq.com.

iranicaonline.org

Amir-Moezzi 2005. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804.
Amir-Moezzi 2005; Mavani 2013, p. 7; Nasr 1972, p. 160. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312.
Amir-Moezzi 1994, p. 78; Amir-Moezzi 2005. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Amir-Moezzi 2005. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804.
Amir-Moezzi 2005; Mavani 2013, p. 7; Nasr 1972, p. 160. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282. Nasr, S.H. (1972). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Beacon Press. ISBN 0807011312.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Madelung 2012; Dakake 2007. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Dakake, M.M. (2007). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791470336.
Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989, p. 98; Madelung 2012; Tabataba'i 1975, p. 185; Momen 1985, p. 148. Nasr, S.H.; Dabashi, H.; Nasr, S.V.R., eds. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780585078496. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Tabataba'i, S.M.H. (1975). Shi'ite Islam. Translated by Nasr, S.H. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873953908. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315.
Madelung 2012; Momen 1985, p. 154; Jafri 1979, p. 295. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Jafri, S.H.M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. Longman. ISBN 0582780802.
Madelung 2012; Amir-Moezzi & Jambet 2018, p. 66. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Amir-Moezzi, M.A.; Jambet, C. (2018). What is Shi'i Islam: An Introduction. Translated by Casler, K.; Ormsby, E. Routledge. ISBN 9781138093737.
Madelung 2012; Lalani 2000, p. 79. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Lalani, A.R. (2000). Early Shī'ī Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1850435928.
Madelung 2012; Momen 1985, p. 150; Mavani 2013, p. 52. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.
Amir-Moezzi 1994, p. 78; Amir-Moezzi 2005. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (2005). "Shi'ite Doctrine". Encyclopaedia Iranica (online ed.). ISSN 2330-4804.
Madelung 2012; Amir-Moezzi 1994, p. 29. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228.
Amir-Moezzi 1994, p. 45; Momen 1985, p. 150; Madelung 2012. Amir-Moezzi, M.A. (1994). Guide divin dans le Shi'isme originel [The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam]. Translated by Streight, D. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791421228. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300035315. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912.
Madelung 2012; Mavani 2013, p. 43. Madelung, W. (2012). "Imāma". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369. ISSN 1573-3912. Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780203694282.