The two concepts were first contrasted and discussed by Robin Daniel (2014), Biblical Missiology: A University Course (Tamarisk), pp.79-81. ASIN0953856542ISBN978-0-9538565-4-1.
Cheng 1910a, p. 352-353; Cheng 1910b, p. 196; Stanley 2009, p. 107-111. Cheng, Jingyi (1910a). World Missionary Conference, 1910 – Report of Commission II: The Church in the Mission Field. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. ISBN978-1-37284-919-0. OCLC76799150. ——— (1910b). Report of Commission VIII: Co-operation and the Promotion of Unity. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. LCCN11021594. OCLC1113069908. Stanley, Brian (2009). The World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh 1910. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN978-0-80286-360-7. OCLC262878975.
Tiedemann 2010, p. 418-419; Terry 2000, p. 483-485. Tiedemann, R. G., ed. (2010). Handbook of Christianity in China, Volume Two: 1800-present. Boston: Brill. ISBN978-9-00419-018-4. OCLC701704115. Terry, John Mark (2000). "Indigenous Churches". In Moreau, A. Scott (ed.). Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. pp. 483–485. ISBN978-0-8010-2074-2.
Cheng 1910a, p. 352-353; Cheng 1910b, p. 196; Stanley 2009, p. 107-111. Cheng, Jingyi (1910a). World Missionary Conference, 1910 – Report of Commission II: The Church in the Mission Field. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. ISBN978-1-37284-919-0. OCLC76799150. ——— (1910b). Report of Commission VIII: Co-operation and the Promotion of Unity. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. LCCN11021594. OCLC1113069908. Stanley, Brian (2009). The World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh 1910. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN978-0-80286-360-7. OCLC262878975.