Indo-Aryan migrations (English Wikipedia)

Grigoriev, Stanislav, (2021). "Andronovo Problem: Studies of Cultural Genesis in the Eurasian Bronze Age" Archived 9 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, in Open Archaeology 2021 (7), p.3: "...By Andronovo cultures we may understand only Fyodorovka and Alakul cultures..."
Lubotsky, Alexander (2020). "What language was spoken by the people of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex?", in Paul W. Kroll and Jonathan A. Silk (eds.), 'At the Shores of the Sky': Asian Studies for Albert Hoffstädt, Brill, Leiden/Boston, p. 6: "The breakdown of the Indo-Iranian branch into Indian and Iranian occurred somewhere between 2000 and 1600 bce, when future Indians left their tribesmen and crossed the Hindu Kush on their way to India..."
Gopnik, Hilary, (2017). "The Median Confederacy", in Touraj Daryaee (ed.), King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE), Ancient Iran Series, Vol. IV, UCI-Jordan Center for Persian Studies, p. 40: "...We can say for certain that the neighboring Assyrians recognized a group of people that they identified as coming from the 'land of the Medes' (māt madayya) as early as the reign of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BCE), and it is almost certain that Indo-Iranian-speaking peoples had settled in Western Iran at least some 500 years —if not 1,000 years—earlier than this..."
Grigoriev, Stanislav, (2021). "Andronovo Problem: Studies of Cultural Genesis in the Eurasian Bronze Age" Archived 9 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, in Open Archaeology 2021 (7), p.28: ".... The Fyodorovka dates in the north of the forest- steppe Tobol region are close to the dates in the Southern Transurals and lie in the interval of the 20th–16th centuries BC...Fyodorovka culture, in general, is synchronous with Alakul..."
Novák, Mirko, (2013). "Upper Mesopotamia in the Mittani Period", in Archéologie et Histoire de la Syrie I, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, p. 349.
Singh, R.N., Cameron Petrie et al., (2013). "Recent Excavations at Alamgirpur, Meerut District: A Preliminary Report", in Man and Environment 38(1), pp. 32-54.

antiquity.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kuznetsov 2006. Kuznetsov, P. F. (2006). "The emergence of Bronze Age chariots in eastern Europe". Antiquity. 80 (309): 638–645. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00094096. S2CID 162580424. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012.

archaeologyonline.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kivisild et al. (2000), An Indian Ancestry, p.271 Archived 4 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine (referring to Kivisild et al. (1999), "Deep common ancestry")
admin (29 April 2014). "To Revert to the Theory of 'Aryan Invasion' (Part 1)". Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Latham, as cited in Mallory 1989, p. 152 Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Witzel 2005, p. 348. Witzel, Michael (2005). "Indocentrism". In Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (eds.). The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history. Routledge.
Witzel 2005. Witzel, Michael (2005). "Indocentrism". In Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (eds.). The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history. Routledge.
Witzel 2005, pp. 342–343. Witzel, Michael (2005). "Indocentrism". In Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (eds.). The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history. Routledge.
Witzel 2005, p. 347. Witzel, Michael (2005). "Indocentrism". In Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (eds.). The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history. Routledge.
Mallory & Mair 2000. Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000). The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05101-6.
Mallory 1989. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Mallory 1989, pp. 152–153. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Mallory 1989, pp. 177–185. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Mallory 1989, p. 62 Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Mallory (1989) Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Mallory 1989, pp. 42–43. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Thapar 1996, p. 23-24. Thapar, Romila (January–March 1996), "The Theory of Aryan Race and India: History and Politics" (PDF), Social Scientist, 24 (1–3): 3–29, doi:10.2307/3520116, JSTOR 3520116
Mallory & Mair (2000)^{[page needed]}
Mallory (1989)^{[page needed]}
Studien zu den Bogazkoy-Texten 41 (1995)
Thieme, as cited in Bryant (2001:136) Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000). The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05101-6. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7. Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4..
Burrow as cited in Mallory (1989). Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Bryant (2001:131)
Mallory (1989)
Mallory & Mair (2000)
Burrow, as cited in Mallory (1989)
Boyce and Gnoli, as cited in Bryant (2001:132) Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4.. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7. Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000). The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05101-6. Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7. Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4..
Bryant (2001:133)
Gnoli, Boyce, Skjaervo, and Witzel, as cited in Bryant (2001:133)
Humbach and Gnoli, as cited in Bryant (2001:327)
Mallory & Mair (2000) Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4.. Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4.. Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4.. Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000). The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05101-6.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Kuznetsov 2006. Kuznetsov, P. F. (2006). "The emergence of Bronze Age chariots in eastern Europe". Antiquity. 80 (309): 638–645. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00094096. S2CID 162580424. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012.
Sengupta 2006. Sengupta, S.; et al. (2006), "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists", American Journal of Human Genetics, 78 (2): 201–221, doi:10.1086/499411, PMC 1380230, PMID 16400607, archived from the original on 1 August 2013, retrieved 3 December 2007.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Haak et al. 2015. Haak, W.; Lazaridis, I.; Patterson, N.; Rohland, N.; Mallick, S.; Llamas, B.; Brandt, G.; Nordenfelt, S.; Harney, E.; Stewardson, K.; Fu, Q.; Mittnik, A.; Bánffy, E.; Economou, C.; Francken, M.; Friederich, S.; Pena, R. G.; Hallgren, F.; Khartanovich, V.; Khokhlov, A.; Kunst, M.; Kuznetsov, P.; Meller, H.; Mochalov, O.; Moiseyev, V.; Nicklisch, N.; Pichler, S. L.; Risch, R.; Rojo Guerra, M. A.; et al. (2015). "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Supplementary Information". Nature. 522 (7555): 207–211. arXiv:1502.02783. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219. PMID 25731166.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

See:
- Duperron, Anquetil (1808), Histoire et mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, de 1701 à 1793, imprimerie royale
- Comparing the Harappan and Gandhara cultures, Kennedy states: "Our multivariate approach does not define the biological identity of an ancient Aryan population, but it does indicate that the Indus Valley and Gandhara peoples shared a number of craniometric, odontometric and discrete traits that point to a high degree of biological affinity." Kennedy in Erdosy 1995, p. 49 Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Kennedy: "Have Aryans been identified in the prehistoric skeletal record from South Asia? Biological anthropology and concepts of ancient races", in Erdosy 1995 at p. 49. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Kennedy: "there is no evidence of demographic disruptions in the north-western sector of the Subcontinent during and immediately after the decline of the Harappan culture. If Vedic Aryans were a biological entity represented by the skeletons from Timargarha, then their biological features of cranial and dental anatomy were not distinct to a marked degree from what we encountered in the ancient Harappans." Kennedy in Erdosy 1995, p. 54 Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Beckwith 2009, p. 32. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-90-272-8500-3.
- Beckwith 2009, p. 33. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beckwith 2009, p. 29. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beckwith 2009. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Sharma, Ram Sharan (1999). Advent of the Aryans in India. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-7304-263-8.
- Auroux, Sylvain (2000). History of the Language Sciences. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 1156. ISBN 3-11-016735-2.
- Patil, Narendranath B. (2003). The Variegated Plumage: Encounters with Indian Philosophy: a Commemoration Volume in Honour of Pandit Jankinath Kaul "Kamal". Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 249. ISBN 978-81-208-1953-5.
- Trautmann 2006, p. 203 Trautmann, Thomas R. (2006) [1997]. Aryans and British India (2nd Indian ed.). New Delhi: YODA Press. ISBN 81-902272-1-1., originally published as Trautmann, Thomas R. (1997), Aryans and British India, Vistaar
- Trautmann 2006, p. 183. Trautmann, Thomas R. (2006) [1997]. Aryans and British India (2nd Indian ed.). New Delhi: YODA Press. ISBN 81-902272-1-1., originally published as Trautmann, Thomas R. (1997), Aryans and British India, Vistaar
- Erdosy 1995, p. 16. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Schmidt, Karl (2015). An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History. Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-317-47681-8.
- Mallory, James (1997). "The Homelands of the Indo-Europeans". In Blench, Roger; Spriggs, Matthew (eds.). Archaeology and Language I: Theoretical and Methodological Orientations. London: Routledge. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-1-134-82877-7. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
- Erdosy (1995:18) Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Beckwith 2009, p. 30, 31. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Róna-Tas, András. "The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question." In: The Turkic Languages, pp. 67–80. 1998.
- Beckwith 2009, pp. 32–34. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beckwith 2009, p. 33 note 20. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beckwith 2009, pp. 376–377. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Erdosy 1995, p. 139. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Erdosy 1995, p. 54. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Kennedy 2000, p. 312; Mallory & Adams 1997, pp. 103, 310 Kennedy, Kenneth A. R. (2000), God-apes and Fossil Men: Paleoanthropology of South Asia, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-11013-1 Mallory, J.P.; Adams, D.Q. (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Taylor & Francis
- Erdosy 1995, p. 5. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Erdosy 1995, p. 24. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Erdosy 1995, p. 23. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Erdosy 1995. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Erdosy 1995, pp. 5–6. Erdosy, George, ed. (1995), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
- Beckwith 2009, pp. 29–38. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beckwith 2009, pp. 84–85. Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Loewe & Shaughnessy 1999, p. 83–88. Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-0-5214-7030-8. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- Beckwith 2009, pp. 380–383 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Beckwith 2009, pp. 6–7 Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Andronov 2003, p. 299. Andronov, Mikhail Sergeevich (2003). A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04455-4.
- Amanat, Abbas; Vejdani, Farzin (13 February 2012), Iran Facing Others: Identity Boundaries in a Historical Perspective, Springer, p. 189, ISBN 978-1-137-01340-8
- Brooke, John L. (2014), Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press, p. 296, Bibcode:2014cccg.book.....B, ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8
- Gupta 2007, pp. 108–109. Gupta, Tania Das (2007), Race and Racialization: Essential Readings, Canadian Scholars' Press, ISBN 978-1-55130-335-2
- Thapar 2006. Thapar, Romila (2006). India: Historical Beginnings and the Concept of the Aryan. National Book Trust. ISBN 978-81-237-4779-8.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Sridhar, S. N. (2008), Kachru, Braj B.; Sridhar, S. N.; Kachru, Yamuna (eds.), "Language contact and convergence in South Asia", Language in South Asia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 235–252, ISBN 978-0-521-78141-1, retrieved 20 December 2024
Lindner, Stephan, (2020). "Chariots in the Eurasian Steppe: a Bayesian approach to the emergence of horse-drawn transport in the early second millennium BC", in Antiquity, Vol 94, Issue 374, April 2020, p. 367: "...The 12 calibrated radiocarbon dates belonging to the Sintashta horizon range between 2050 and 1760 cal BC (at 95.4% confidence; Epimakhov & Krause 2013: 137). These dates correlate well with the seven AMS-sampled Sintashta graves in the associated KA-5cemetery, which date to 2040–1730 cal BC (95.4% confidence...)".

ceon.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

depot.ceon.pl

Allentoft et al. 2015. Allentoft, Morten E.; Sikora, Martin; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Rasmussen, Simon; et al. (2015). "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia". Nature. 522 (7555): 167–172. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..167A. doi:10.1038/nature14507. PMID 26062507. S2CID 4399103.

chinaknowledge.de (Global: 8,380^th place; English: 5,807^th place)

"Chinese History – Wusun 烏孫". Chinaknowledge. Retrieved 1 January 2015.

cn.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.cn.edu

Wheeler, Kip. "The Sanskrit Connection: Keeping Up With the Joneses". Dr.Wheeler's Website. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

comp-archaeology.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Baldia, Maximilian O (2006). "The Corded Ware/Single Grave Culture". Archived from the original on 31 January 2002.

devdutt.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Admin, Devdutt (19 December 2021). "When Horses First Came to India". Devdutt Pattanaik. Retrieved 17 April 2025.

dienekes.blogspot.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

The "original mixture event of ANI and ASI" may have been the spread of Dravidian languages to the south, followed by the (still ongoing) Sanskritization of India.^[261] Note that Asko Parpola proposes that the Harappans spoke Proto-Dravidian language,^{[web 22]} and Mikhail Andronov proposes that the Proto-Dravidian language was introduced by migrations at the beginning of the third millennium BCE.^[262] See Dieneke's blogspot, "560K SNP study reveals dual rigin of Indian populations (Reich et al. 2009)" and Razib Khan (8 August 2013), "Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, and waves of admixture (migration?)" for various proposals and discussions, and this chart for the complexities of the Indian (and European) genepool.

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 2,171^st place)

blogs.discovermagazine.com

The "original mixture event of ANI and ASI" may have been the spread of Dravidian languages to the south, followed by the (still ongoing) Sanskritization of India.^[261] Note that Asko Parpola proposes that the Harappans spoke Proto-Dravidian language,^{[web 22]} and Mikhail Andronov proposes that the Proto-Dravidian language was introduced by migrations at the beginning of the third millennium BCE.^[262] See Dieneke's blogspot, "560K SNP study reveals dual rigin of Indian populations (Reich et al. 2009)" and Razib Khan (8 August 2013), "Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, and waves of admixture (migration?)" for various proposals and discussions, and this chart for the complexities of the Indian (and European) genepool.
Razib Khan (2013), "Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, and waves of admixture (migration?)", Gene expression

dnaindia.com (Global: 250^th place; English: 153^rd place)

dnaindia.com, New research debunks Aryan invasion theory

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hemphill: "the data provide no support for any model of massive migration and gene flow between the oases of Bactria and the Indus Valley. Rather, patterns of phonetic affinity best conform to a pattern of long-standing, but low-level bidirectional mutual exchange. Hemphill (1998). "Biological Affinities and Adaptations of Bronze Age Bactrians: III. An initial craniometric assessment". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 106 (3): 329–348. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199807)106:3<329::aid-ajpa6>3.0.co;2-h. PMID 9696149.; Hemphill (1999). "Biological Affinities and Adaptations of Bronze Age Bactrians: III. A Craniometric Investigation of Bactrian Origins". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 108 (2): 173–192. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199902)108:2<173::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-3. PMID 9988380.
Reich et al. 2009 excluded the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman speakers from their analysis in order to avoid interference. Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Reich et al. 2009: "We analyze 25 diverse groups to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the "Ancestral North Indians" (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans^{[contradictory]}, while the other, the "Ancestral South Indians" (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other." Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Moorjani et al. 2013: "Most Indian groups descend from a mixture of two genetically divergent populations: Ancestral North Indians (ANI) related to Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians (ASI) not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent." Moorjani, P.; Thangaraj, K.; Patterson, N.; Lipson, M.; Loh, P. R.; Govindaraj, P.; Singh, L. (2013). "Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (3): 422–438. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006. PMC 3769933. PMID 23932107.
Moorjani et al. 2013: "We report genome-wide data from 73 groups from the Indian subcontinent and analyze linkage disequilibrium to estimate ANI-ASI mixture dates ranging from about 1,900 to 4,200 years ago. In a subset of groups, 100% of the mixture is consistent with having occurred during this period. These results show that India experienced a demographic transformation several thousand years ago, from a region in which major population mixture was common to one in which mixture even between closely related groups became rare because of a shift to endogamy." Moorjani, P.; Thangaraj, K.; Patterson, N.; Lipson, M.; Loh, P. R.; Govindaraj, P.; Singh, L. (2013). "Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (3): 422–438. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006. PMC 3769933. PMID 23932107.
Narasimhan et al. 2019. Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, N. J.; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; et al. (2019). "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457) eaat7487. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.
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See also: ""Heavily sex-biased" population dispersals into the Indian Subcontinent (Silva et al. 2017)". Eurogenes Blog. 28 March 2017.

eurogenes.blogspot.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

See also Eurogenes Blogspot, The crisis.
See also eurogenes.blogspot, The genetic structure of the world's first farmers (Lazaridis et al. preprint) .
See also Eurogenes Blog, "Heavily sex-biased" population dispersals into the Indian Subcontinent.
See also Eurogenes Blogspot, The crisis.

gisdevelopment.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Saraswati:- Where lies the mystery

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Narasimhan et al.: "[One possibility is that] Iranian farmer–related ancestry in this group was characteristic of the Indus Valley hunter-gatherers in the same way as it was characteristic of northern Caucasus and Iranian plateau hunter-gatherers. The presence of such ancestry in hunter-gatherers from Belt and Hotu Caves in northeastern Iran increases the plausibility that this ancestry could have existed in hunter-gatherers farther east."^[237]
Shinde et al. (2019) note that these Iranian people "had little if any genetic contribution from [...] western Iranian farmers or herders";^[238] they split from each other more than 12,000 years ago.^[239]
See also Razib Kkan, The Day of the Dasa: "...it may, in fact, be the case that ANI-like quasi-Iranians occupied northwest South Asia for a long time, and AHG populations hugged the southern and eastern fringes, during the height of the Pleistocene."

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

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harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

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Metspalu et al (2011): "However, any nonmarginal migration from Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent should have also introduced readily apparent signals of East Asian ancestry into India (see Figure 2B). Because this ancestry component is absent from the region, we have to conclude that if such a dispersal event nevertheless took place, it occurred before the East Asian ancestry component reached Central Asia. The demographic history of Central Asia is, however, complex, and although it has been shown that demic diffusion coupled with influx of Turkic speakers during historical times has shaped the genetic makeup of Uzbeks75 [...] it is not clear what was the extent of East Asian ancestry in Central Asian populations prior to these events.^[231] See also Dinesh C. Sharma (2011), "Indians are not descendants of Aryans, says new study", India Today
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reich et al. 2009 excluded the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman speakers from their analysis in order to avoid interference. Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Reich et al. 2009: "We analyze 25 diverse groups to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the "Ancestral North Indians" (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans^{[contradictory]}, while the other, the "Ancestral South Indians" (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other." Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Moorjani et al. 2013: "Most Indian groups descend from a mixture of two genetically divergent populations: Ancestral North Indians (ANI) related to Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians (ASI) not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent." Moorjani, P.; Thangaraj, K.; Patterson, N.; Lipson, M.; Loh, P. R.; Govindaraj, P.; Singh, L. (2013). "Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (3): 422–438. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006. PMC 3769933. PMID 23932107.
Moorjani et al. 2013: "We report genome-wide data from 73 groups from the Indian subcontinent and analyze linkage disequilibrium to estimate ANI-ASI mixture dates ranging from about 1,900 to 4,200 years ago. In a subset of groups, 100% of the mixture is consistent with having occurred during this period. These results show that India experienced a demographic transformation several thousand years ago, from a region in which major population mixture was common to one in which mixture even between closely related groups became rare because of a shift to endogamy." Moorjani, P.; Thangaraj, K.; Patterson, N.; Lipson, M.; Loh, P. R.; Govindaraj, P.; Singh, L. (2013). "Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (3): 422–438. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006. PMC 3769933. PMID 23932107.
Narasimhan et al. 2019. Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, N. J.; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; et al. (2019). "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457) eaat7487. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.
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Reich et al. 2009 excluded the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman speakers from their analysis in order to avoid interference. Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Reich et al. 2009: "We analyze 25 diverse groups to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the "Ancestral North Indians" (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans^{[contradictory]}, while the other, the "Ancestral South Indians" (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other." Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Metspalu et al. 2011. Metspalu, Mait; Gallego Romero, Irene; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Hudjashov, Georgi; Nelis, Mari; Mägi, Reedik; Metspalu, Ene; Remm, Maido; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas (2011). "Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.
Reich et al. 2009. Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
Itan, Yuval; Jones, Bryony L.; Ingram, Catherine JE; Swallow, Dallas M.; Thomas, Mark G. (9 February 2010). "A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 36. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10...36I. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-36. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 2834688. PMID 20144208.
Tandon, R. K.; Joshi, Y. K.; Singh, D. S.; Narendranathan, M.; Balakrishnan, V.; Lal, K. (1 May 1981). "Lactose intolerance in North and South Indians". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 34 (5): 943–946. doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.5.943. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 7234720.
Segurel, Laure; Guarino-Vignon, Perle; Marchi, Nina; Lafosse, Sophie; Laurent, Romain; Bon, Céline; Fabre, Alexandre; Hegay, Tatyana; Heyer, Evelyne (8 June 2020). "Why and when was lactase persistence selected for? Insights from Central Asian herders and ancient DNA". PLOS Biology. 18 (6) e3000742. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000742. ISSN 1544-9173. PMC 7302802. PMID 32511234.
Mahal, David G. (2021). "Y-DNA genetic evidence reveals several different ancient origins in the Brahmin population". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 296 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1007/s00438-020-01725-2. ISSN 1617-4615. PMID 32978661. S2CID 253981863.
Metspalu et al. 2011, p. 741. Metspalu, Mait; Gallego Romero, Irene; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Hudjashov, Georgi; Nelis, Mari; Mägi, Reedik; Metspalu, Ene; Remm, Maido; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas (2011). "Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.
Metspalu et al. 2011, p. 731. Metspalu, Mait; Gallego Romero, Irene; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Hudjashov, Georgi; Nelis, Mari; Mägi, Reedik; Metspalu, Ene; Remm, Maido; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas (2011). "Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.
Metspalu et al. 2011, pp. 734–735. Metspalu, Mait; Gallego Romero, Irene; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Hudjashov, Georgi; Nelis, Mari; Mägi, Reedik; Metspalu, Ene; Remm, Maido; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas (2011). "Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.
Metspalu et al. 2011, p. 739. Metspalu, Mait; Gallego Romero, Irene; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Hudjashov, Georgi; Nelis, Mari; Mägi, Reedik; Metspalu, Ene; Remm, Maido; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas (2011). "Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.
Metspalu et al. 2011, p. 740. Metspalu, Mait; Gallego Romero, Irene; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Hudjashov, Georgi; Nelis, Mari; Mägi, Reedik; Metspalu, Ene; Remm, Maido; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas (2011). "Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (6): 731–744. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3234374. PMID 22152676.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Risley, Herbert Hope (1891). "The Study of Ethnology in India". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 20. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 253. doi:10.2307/2842267. JSTOR 2842267.

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