Inductive reasoning (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Inductive reasoning" in English language version.

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19web.archive.org

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Hodge, Jonathan; Hodge, Michael Jonathan Sessions; Radick, Gregory (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Darwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 0-521-77197-8.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Rathmanner, Samuel; Hutter, Marcus (2011). "A Philosophical Treatise of Universal Induction". Entropy. 13 (6): 1076–136. arXiv:1105.5721. Bibcode:2011Entrp..13.1076R. doi:10.3390/e13061076. S2CID 2499910.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Johnson, Dale D.; Johnson, Bonnie; Ness, Daniel; Farenga, Stephen J. (2005). Trivializing Teacher Education: The Accreditation Squeeze. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 182–83. ISBN 9780742535367.
J.M., Bochenski (2012). Caws, Peter (ed.). The Methods of Contemporary Thought. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 108–09. ISBN 978-9401035781. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
Roberto Torretti, The Philosophy of Physics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 219–21 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine [216] Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Stefano Gattei, Karl Popper's Philosophy of Science: Rationality without Foundations (New York: Routledge, 2009), ch. 2 "Science and philosophy", pp. 28–30.
Roberto Torretti, The Philosophy of Physics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 226 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, 228–29 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
David Andrews, Keynes and the British Humanist Tradition: The Moral Purpose of the Market (New York: Routledge, 2010), pp. 63–65.
Russell, Bertrand (1927). An Outline of Philosophy. London and New York: Allen and Unwin. reprinted in Bertrand Russell, The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell (New York: Routledge, 2009), "The validity of inference"], pp. 157–64, quote on p. 159 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Gregory Landini, Russell (New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 230 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Chowdhry, K.R. (2015). Fundamentals of Discrete Mathematical Structures (3rd ed.). PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 26. ISBN 978-8120350748. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Donald Gillies, "Problem-solving and the problem of induction", in Rethinking Popper (Dordrecht: Springer, 2009), Zuzana Parusniková & Robert S Cohen, eds, pp. 103–05.
Ch 5 "The controversy around inductive logic" in Richard Mattessich, ed, Instrumental Reasoning and Systems Methodology: An Epistemology of the Applied and Social Sciences (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing, 1978), pp. 141–43 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Donald Gillies, "Problem-solving and the problem of induction", in Rethinking Popper (Dordrecht: Springer, 2009), Zuzana Parusniková & Robert S Cohen, eds, p. 111 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine: "I argued earlier that there are some exceptions to Popper's claim that rules of inductive inference do not exist. However, these exceptions are relatively rare. They occur, for example, in the machine learning programs of AI. For the vast bulk of human science both past and present, rules of inductive inference do not exist. For such science, Popper's model of conjectures which are freely invented and then tested out seems to be more accurate than any model based on inductive inferences. Admittedly, there is talk nowadays in the context of science carried out by humans of 'inference to the best explanation' or 'abductive inference', but such so-called inferences are not at all inferences based on precisely formulated rules like the deductive rules of inference. Those who talk of 'inference to the best explanation' or 'abductive inference', for example, never formulate any precise rules according to which these so-called inferences take place. In reality, the 'inferences' which they describe in their examples involve conjectures thought up by human ingenuity and creativity, and by no means inferred in any mechanical fashion, or according to precisely specified rules".

dartmouth.edu (Global: 2,242^nd place; English: 1,513^th place)

Herms, D. "Logical Basis of Hypothesis Testing in Scientific Research" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2005.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Romeyn, J. W. (2004). "Hypotheses and Inductive Predictions: Including Examples on Crash Data" (PDF). Synthese. 141 (3): 333–64. doi:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000044993.82886.9e. JSTOR 20118486. S2CID 121862013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Goodenough, John B.; Weinstock, Charles B.; Klein, Ari Z. (2013). "Eliminative induction: A basis for arguing system confidence". 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). pp. 1161–1164. doi:10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606668. ISBN 978-1-4673-3076-3 – via IEEE.
Plutynski, Anya (2011). "Four Problems of Abduction: A Brief History". HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science. 1 (2): 227–248. doi:10.1086/660746. S2CID 15332806. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Mcauliffe, William H. B. (2015). "How did Abduction Get Confused with Inference to the Best Explanation?". Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. 51 (3): 300–319. doi:10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. ISSN 0009-1774. JSTOR 10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. S2CID 43255826. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Kosko, Bart (1990). "Fuzziness vs. Probability". International Journal of General Systems. 17 (1): 211–40. Bibcode:1990IJGS...17..211K. doi:10.1080/03081079008935108.
Popper, Karl R.; Miller, David W. (1983). "A proof of the impossibility of inductive probability". Nature. 302 (5910): 687–88. Bibcode:1983Natur.302..687P. doi:10.1038/302687a0. S2CID 4317588.
Rathmanner, Samuel; Hutter, Marcus (2011). "A Philosophical Treatise of Universal Induction". Entropy. 13 (6): 1076–136. arXiv:1105.5721. Bibcode:2011Entrp..13.1076R. doi:10.3390/e13061076. S2CID 2499910.

eserver.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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David Hume (1910) [1748]. An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. P.F. Collier & Son. ISBN 978-0-19-825060-9. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2007. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kosko, Bart (1990). "Fuzziness vs. Probability". International Journal of General Systems. 17 (1): 211–40. Bibcode:1990IJGS...17..211K. doi:10.1080/03081079008935108.
Popper, Karl R.; Miller, David W. (1983). "A proof of the impossibility of inductive probability". Nature. 302 (5910): 687–88. Bibcode:1983Natur.302..687P. doi:10.1038/302687a0. S2CID 4317588.
Rathmanner, Samuel; Hutter, Marcus (2011). "A Philosophical Treatise of Universal Induction". Entropy. 13 (6): 1076–136. arXiv:1105.5721. Bibcode:2011Entrp..13.1076R. doi:10.3390/e13061076. S2CID 2499910.

hut.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

cs.hut.fi

For more information on inferences by analogy, see Juthe, 2005 Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Romeyn, J. W. (2004). "Hypotheses and Inductive Predictions: Including Examples on Crash Data" (PDF). Synthese. 141 (3): 333–64. doi:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000044993.82886.9e. JSTOR 20118486. S2CID 121862013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Wesley C Salmon, "The uniformity of Nature" Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1953 Sep;14(1):39–48, [39].
Mcauliffe, William H. B. (2015). "How did Abduction Get Confused with Inference to the Best Explanation?". Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. 51 (3): 300–319. doi:10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. ISSN 0009-1774. JSTOR 10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. S2CID 43255826. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Stathis Psillos, "On Van Fraassen's critique of abductive reasoning" Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Philosophical Quarterly, 1996 Jan;46(182):31–47, [31].

openreview.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lu, Z. (2024). "When is Inductive Inference Possible?". NeurIPS 2024.

philpapers.org (Global: 1,865^th place; English: 1,260^th place)

Plutynski, Anya (2011). "Four Problems of Abduction: A Brief History". HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science. 1 (2): 227–248. doi:10.1086/660746. S2CID 15332806. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2022.

rug.nl (Global: 2,779^th place; English: 1,997^th place)

pure.rug.nl

Romeyn, J. W. (2004). "Hypotheses and Inductive Predictions: Including Examples on Crash Data" (PDF). Synthese. 141 (3): 333–64. doi:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000044993.82886.9e. JSTOR 20118486. S2CID 121862013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Romeyn, J. W. (2004). "Hypotheses and Inductive Predictions: Including Examples on Crash Data" (PDF). Synthese. 141 (3): 333–64. doi:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000044993.82886.9e. JSTOR 20118486. S2CID 121862013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Plutynski, Anya (2011). "Four Problems of Abduction: A Brief History". HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science. 1 (2): 227–248. doi:10.1086/660746. S2CID 15332806. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Mcauliffe, William H. B. (2015). "How did Abduction Get Confused with Inference to the Best Explanation?". Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. 51 (3): 300–319. doi:10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. ISSN 0009-1774. JSTOR 10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. S2CID 43255826. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Popper, Karl R.; Miller, David W. (1983). "A proof of the impossibility of inductive probability". Nature. 302 (5910): 687–88. Bibcode:1983Natur.302..687P. doi:10.1038/302687a0. S2CID 4317588.
Rathmanner, Samuel; Hutter, Marcus (2011). "A Philosophical Treatise of Universal Induction". Entropy. 13 (6): 1076–136. arXiv:1105.5721. Bibcode:2011Entrp..13.1076R. doi:10.3390/e13061076. S2CID 2499910.

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

plato.stanford.edu

John Vickers. The Problem of Induction Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
"Kant's Account of Reason". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy : Kant's account of reason. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2018. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
Vickers, John. "The Problem of Induction" Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Section 2). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 June 2010
Vickers, John. "The Problem of Induction" Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Section 2.1). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 June 2010.

utm.edu (Global: 1,379^th place; English: 1,175^th place)

iep.utm.edu

Ted Poston "Foundationalism" Archived 26 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine, § b "Theories of proper inference", §§ iii "Liberal inductivism", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 10 Jun 2010 (last updated): "Strict inductivism is motivated by the thought that we have some kind of inferential knowledge of the world that cannot be accommodated by deductive inference from epistemically basic beliefs. A fairly recent debate has arisen over the merits of strict inductivism. Some philosophers have argued that there are other forms of nondeductive inference that do not fit the model of enumerative induction. C.S. Peirce describes a form of inference called 'abduction' or 'inference to the best explanation'. This form of inference appeals to explanatory considerations to justify belief. One infers, for example, that two students copied answers from a third because this is the best explanation of the available data—they each make the same mistakes and the two sat in view of the third. Alternatively, in a more theoretical context, one infers that there are very small unobservable particles because this is the best explanation of Brownian motion. Let us call 'liberal inductivism' any view that accepts the legitimacy of a form of inference to the best explanation that is distinct from enumerative induction. For a defense of liberal inductivism, see Gilbert Harman's classic (1965) paper. Harman defends a strong version of liberal inductivism according to which enumerative induction is just a disguised form of inference to the best explanation".

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Romeyn, J. W. (2004). "Hypotheses and Inductive Predictions: Including Examples on Crash Data" (PDF). Synthese. 141 (3): 333–64. doi:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000044993.82886.9e. JSTOR 20118486. S2CID 121862013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
For more information on inferences by analogy, see Juthe, 2005 Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Wesley C Salmon, "The uniformity of Nature" Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1953 Sep;14(1):39–48, [39].
Roberto Torretti, The Philosophy of Physics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 219–21 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine [216] Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Plutynski, Anya (2011). "Four Problems of Abduction: A Brief History". HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science. 1 (2): 227–248. doi:10.1086/660746. S2CID 15332806. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Mcauliffe, William H. B. (2015). "How did Abduction Get Confused with Inference to the Best Explanation?". Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. 51 (3): 300–319. doi:10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. ISSN 0009-1774. JSTOR 10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. S2CID 43255826. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Roberto Torretti, The Philosophy of Physics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 226 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, 228–29 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Ted Poston "Foundationalism" Archived 26 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine, § b "Theories of proper inference", §§ iii "Liberal inductivism", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 10 Jun 2010 (last updated): "Strict inductivism is motivated by the thought that we have some kind of inferential knowledge of the world that cannot be accommodated by deductive inference from epistemically basic beliefs. A fairly recent debate has arisen over the merits of strict inductivism. Some philosophers have argued that there are other forms of nondeductive inference that do not fit the model of enumerative induction. C.S. Peirce describes a form of inference called 'abduction' or 'inference to the best explanation'. This form of inference appeals to explanatory considerations to justify belief. One infers, for example, that two students copied answers from a third because this is the best explanation of the available data—they each make the same mistakes and the two sat in view of the third. Alternatively, in a more theoretical context, one infers that there are very small unobservable particles because this is the best explanation of Brownian motion. Let us call 'liberal inductivism' any view that accepts the legitimacy of a form of inference to the best explanation that is distinct from enumerative induction. For a defense of liberal inductivism, see Gilbert Harman's classic (1965) paper. Harman defends a strong version of liberal inductivism according to which enumerative induction is just a disguised form of inference to the best explanation".
Russell, Bertrand (1927). An Outline of Philosophy. London and New York: Allen and Unwin. reprinted in Bertrand Russell, The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell (New York: Routledge, 2009), "The validity of inference"], pp. 157–64, quote on p. 159 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Gregory Landini, Russell (New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 230 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Stathis Psillos, "On Van Fraassen's critique of abductive reasoning" Archived 18 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Philosophical Quarterly, 1996 Jan;46(182):31–47, [31].
John Vickers. The Problem of Induction Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Herms, D. "Logical Basis of Hypothesis Testing in Scientific Research" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2005.
"Kant's Account of Reason". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy : Kant's account of reason. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2018. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
David Hume (1910) [1748]. An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. P.F. Collier & Son. ISBN 978-0-19-825060-9. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2007. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Vickers, John. "The Problem of Induction" Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Section 2). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 June 2010
Vickers, John. "The Problem of Induction" Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Section 2.1). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 June 2010.
Ch 5 "The controversy around inductive logic" in Richard Mattessich, ed, Instrumental Reasoning and Systems Methodology: An Epistemology of the Applied and Social Sciences (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing, 1978), pp. 141–43 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Donald Gillies, "Problem-solving and the problem of induction", in Rethinking Popper (Dordrecht: Springer, 2009), Zuzana Parusniková & Robert S Cohen, eds, p. 111 Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine: "I argued earlier that there are some exceptions to Popper's claim that rules of inductive inference do not exist. However, these exceptions are relatively rare. They occur, for example, in the machine learning programs of AI. For the vast bulk of human science both past and present, rules of inductive inference do not exist. For such science, Popper's model of conjectures which are freely invented and then tested out seems to be more accurate than any model based on inductive inferences. Admittedly, there is talk nowadays in the context of science carried out by humans of 'inference to the best explanation' or 'abductive inference', but such so-called inferences are not at all inferences based on precisely formulated rules like the deductive rules of inference. Those who talk of 'inference to the best explanation' or 'abductive inference', for example, never formulate any precise rules according to which these so-called inferences take place. In reality, the 'inferences' which they describe in their examples involve conjectures thought up by human ingenuity and creativity, and by no means inferred in any mechanical fashion, or according to precisely specified rules".

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Churchill, Robert Paul (1990). Logic: An Introduction (2nd ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-0-312-02353-9. OCLC 21216829. In a typical enumerative induction, the premises list the individuals observed to have a common property, and the conclusion claims that all individuals of the same population have that property.
Mcauliffe, William H. B. (2015). "How did Abduction Get Confused with Inference to the Best Explanation?". Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. 51 (3): 300–319. doi:10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. ISSN 0009-1774. JSTOR 10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.51.3.300. S2CID 43255826. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.

Inductive reasoning (English Wikipedia)

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