Initial public offering (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Initial public offering" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

7web.archive.org

1^st place

5bloomberg.com

99^th place

77^th place

4wsj.com

79^th place

65^th place

3doi.org

2^nd place

3worldcat.org

5^th place

3sec.gov

572^nd place

436^th place

3kpmg.com

low place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2fortune.com

433^rd place

284^th place

2transactionadvisors.com

low place

2reuters.com

49^th place

47^th place

2ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

2ft.com

210^th place

157^th place

2nytimes.com

7^th place

1bu.edu

2,120^th place

1,328^th place

1sfu.ca

3,413^th place

2,445^th place

1aeaweb.org

7,762^nd place

5,451^st place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

1moaf.org

low place

1vanderbilt.edu

3,332^nd place

1,981^st place

1fca.org.uk

low place

1investorplace.com

low place

1epfl.ch

4,521^st place

4,877^th place

1slate.com

259^th place

188^th place

1umaryland.edu

low place

7,717^th place

1hbs.edu

4,520^th place

2,790^th place

1bepress.com

7,958^th place

5,250^th place

1statesman.com

3,030^th place

1,635^th place

1finra.org

low place

9,573^rd place

1arab.news

6,427^th place

3,981^st place

1deloitte.com

2,714^th place

2,274^th place

1cnbc.com

220^th place

155^th place

1scmp.com

362^nd place

245^th place

1caixinglobal.com

low place

1xinhuanet.com

309^th place

660^th place

1home.kpmg

low place

aeaweb.org (Global: 7,762^nd place; English: 5,451^st place)

Malmendier, Ulrike (December 2009). "Law and Finance "at the Origin"". Journal of Economic Literature. 47 (4): 1076–1108. doi:10.1257/jel.47.4.1076. ISSN 0022-0515.

arab.news (Global: 6,427^th place; English: 3,981^st place)

"Aramco's 'greenshoe option' pushes IPO to $29.4 billion". Arab News. 12 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.

bepress.com (Global: 7,958^th place; English: 5,250^th place)

law.bepress.com

Anand, Anita Indira. "Is The Dutch Auction IPO A Good Idea?". Queen's University Law and Economics Workshop. Queen's University. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

"Agricultural Bank of China Sets IPO Record as Size Raised to $22.1 Billion". Bloomberg. 15 August 2010.
"ICBC completed its record $21.9 billion IPO in October 2006". Bloomberg. 28 July 2010.
"AIA's IPO Boosted to $20.5 Billion With Overallotment". Bloomberg. 29 October 2010.
"GM Says Total Offering Size $23.1 Billion Including Overallotment Options", Bloomberg, 26 November 2010
Mascarenhas, Rajesh; Antony, Anto (13 October 2025). "Lenskart, Billionbrains Set to Cap Record Month for India IPOs". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 14 October 2025.

bu.edu (Global: 2,120^th place; English: 1,328^th place)

scholarship.law.bu.edu

Hirst, Scott; Kastiel, Kobi (1 May 2019). "Corporate Governance by Index Exclusion". Boston University Law Review. 99 (3): 1229.

caixinglobal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hong Kong Ranks Top in Global IPO Markets for 2019". Caixin. Retrieved 26 November 2021.

cnbc.com (Global: 220^th place; English: 155^th place)

"Global IPO market booms 50% in 2014". CNBC. 18 December 2014.

deloitte.com (Global: 2,714^th place; English: 2,274^th place)

www2.deloitte.com

"Deloitte releases statistics on Hong Kong and Mainland IPOs in 2012 | Deloitte China | Press Release".

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Poitras, Geoffrey; Geranio, Manuela (2016). "Trading of shares in the Societates Publicanorum?" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 61: 95–118. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2016.01.003. S2CID 155816750 – via Elsevier.
Malmendier, Ulrike (December 2009). "Law and Finance "at the Origin"". Journal of Economic Literature. 47 (4): 1076–1108. doi:10.1257/jel.47.4.1076. ISSN 0022-0515.
Morricone, Serena; Munari, Federico; Oriani, Raffaele; de Rassenfosse, Gaétan (2017). "Commercialization Strategy and IPO Underpricing" (PDF). Research Policy. 46 (6): 1133–1141. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2966036. S2CID 157454297.

epfl.ch (Global: 4,521^st place; English: 4,877^th place)

cdm-it.epfl.ch

Morricone, Serena; Munari, Federico; Oriani, Raffaele; de Rassenfosse, Gaétan (2017). "Commercialization Strategy and IPO Underpricing" (PDF). Research Policy. 46 (6): 1133–1141. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2966036. S2CID 157454297.

fca.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"UK Listing Authority". Retrieved 12 December 2014.

finra.org (Global: low place; English: 9,573^rd place)

"Regulatory Notice 15-30: Equity Research" (PDF). FINRA. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

fortune.com (Global: 433^rd place; English: 284^th place)

Jessica, Matthews (8 July 2021). "How regular investors can access IPOs". Forbes. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
"Softbank Corp IPO Second Biggest in History". Fortune.com. 11 December 2018.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

"China eclipses US as top IPO venue". Financial Times. 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
Bullock, Nicole (27 December 2017). "Global number of IPOs highest since financial crisis". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

"China eclipses US as top IPO venue". Financial Times. 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
Bullock, Nicole (27 December 2017). "Global number of IPOs highest since financial crisis". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

hbs.edu (Global: 4,520^th place; English: 2,790^th place)

hbswk.hbs.edu

Hensel, Nayantara (4 November 2005). "Are Dutch Auctions Right for Your IPO?". Working Knowledge. Harvard Business School. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

home.kpmg (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mainland China and Hong Kong IPO markets - 2021 review and 2022 outlook" (PDF). Retrieved 26 December 2021.

investorplace.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Taulli, Tom (26 February 2012). "The Main Players In An Initial Public Offering". InvestorPlace. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.

kpmg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

assets.kpmg.com

"Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong IPO markets 2023 Q1 review" (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
"Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong IPO markets 2023 and 2024 outlook" (PDF). Retrieved 29 January 2024.
"Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong IPO Markets: 2025 Q1 Review" (PDF). KPMG. 3 January 2025.

moaf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Exhibits — America's First IPO — Museum of American Finance". Moaf.org. Retrieved 12 July 2012.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

Sommer, Jeff (18 February 2012). "No Bitter Aftertaste From This Stock Offering". The New York Times.

dealbook.nytimes.com

Rusli, Evelyn M.; Eavis, Peter (17 May 2012), "Facebook Raises $16 Billion in I.P.O.", The New York Times

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

Dugal, Ira. "JPMorgan sees India IPOs surpass 2024 levels as fund raising gathers steam". Reuters.
"JPMorgan sees India IPOs surpass 2024 levels as fund raising gathers steam". Reuters. Retrieved 23 September 2025.

scmp.com (Global: 362^nd place; English: 245^th place)

"Hong Kong regains global IPO crown from New York in 2018 thanks to its listing reforms". 24 December 2018.

sec.gov (Global: 572^nd place; English: 436^th place)

"The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry". Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
"Registration Statement on Form S-1". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
"Ten of Nation's Top Investment Firms Settle Enforcement Actions Involving Conflicts of Interest Between Research and Investment Banking". SEC. 28 April 2003. Retrieved 23 July 2014.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Poitras, Geoffrey; Geranio, Manuela (2016). "Trading of shares in the Societates Publicanorum?" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 61: 95–118. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2016.01.003. S2CID 155816750 – via Elsevier.
Morricone, Serena; Munari, Federico; Oriani, Raffaele; de Rassenfosse, Gaétan (2017). "Commercialization Strategy and IPO Underpricing" (PDF). Research Policy. 46 (6): 1133–1141. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2966036. S2CID 157454297.

sfu.ca (Global: 3,413^th place; English: 2,445^th place)

Poitras, Geoffrey; Geranio, Manuela (2016). "Trading of shares in the Societates Publicanorum?" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 61: 95–118. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2016.01.003. S2CID 155816750 – via Elsevier.

slate.com (Global: 259^th place; English: 188^th place)

"What Is a Dutch Auction IPO?". Slate Magazine. 6 May 1999. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

statesman.com (Global: 3,030^th place; English: 1,635^th place)

"WhiteGlove seeks to raise $32.5 million in 'Dutch auction' IPO". Statesman. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

transactionadvisors.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rose Selden, Shannon; Goodman, Mark. "The Shift in Litigation Risks When U.S. Companies Go Public". Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Gould, Michael. "How Non-GAAP Measures Can Impact Your IPO". Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

umaryland.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,717^th place)

law.umaryland.edu

"Journal of Business & Technology Law – Academic Journals – University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

vanderbilt.edu (Global: 3,332^nd place; English: 1,981^st place)

scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu

Shobe, Gladriel. "Private Benefits in Public Offerings: Tax Receivable Agreements in IPOs". Vanderbilt Law Review. 71 (3).

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Books & Reading: Chapter One". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Rose Selden, Shannon; Goodman, Mark. "The Shift in Litigation Risks When U.S. Companies Go Public". Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Taulli, Tom (26 February 2012). "The Main Players In An Initial Public Offering". InvestorPlace. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
Gould, Michael. "How Non-GAAP Measures Can Impact Your IPO". Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
"Journal of Business & Technology Law – Academic Journals – University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
Hensel, Nayantara (4 November 2005). "Are Dutch Auctions Right for Your IPO?". Working Knowledge. Harvard Business School. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
"WhiteGlove seeks to raise $32.5 million in 'Dutch auction' IPO". Statesman. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
"Hong Kong ranks as 2nd largest IPO market in 2020". 13 January 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2021.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Malmendier, Ulrike (December 2009). "Law and Finance "at the Origin"". Journal of Economic Literature. 47 (4): 1076–1108. doi:10.1257/jel.47.4.1076. ISSN 0022-0515.
Rose Selden, Shannon; Goodman, Mark. "The Shift in Litigation Risks When U.S. Companies Go Public". Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Gould, Michael. "How Non-GAAP Measures Can Impact Your IPO". Transaction Advisors. ISSN 2329-9134. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

blogs.wsj.com

Demos, Telis (21 June 2012). "What Is a Dutch Auction?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
Grocer, Stephen (17 November 2010). "How GM's IPO Stacks Up Against the Biggest IPOs on Record". The Wall Street Journal.

wsj.com

Cowan, Lynn (21 September 2011). "WhiteGlove Health Shelves IPO Indefinitely". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
"Alibaba IPO Biggest in History as Bankers Exercise 'Green Shoe' Option". The New York Times. 18 September 2013.

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309^th place; English: 660^th place)

"Hong Kong ranks as 2nd largest IPO market in 2020". 13 January 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2021.

Initial public offering (English Wikipedia)

aeaweb.org (Global: 7,762nd place; English: 5,451st place)

arab.news (Global: 6,427th place; English: 3,981st place)

bepress.com (Global: 7,958th place; English: 5,250th place)

law.bepress.com

bloomberg.com (Global: 99th place; English: 77th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,120th place; English: 1,328th place)

scholarship.law.bu.edu

caixinglobal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnbc.com (Global: 220th place; English: 155th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 2,714th place; English: 2,274th place)

www2.deloitte.com

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

epfl.ch (Global: 4,521st place; English: 4,877th place)

cdm-it.epfl.ch

fca.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

finra.org (Global: low place; English: 9,573rd place)

fortune.com (Global: 433rd place; English: 284th place)

ft.com (Global: 210th place; English: 157th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

hbs.edu (Global: 4,520th place; English: 2,790th place)

hbswk.hbs.edu

home.kpmg (Global: low place; English: low place)

investorplace.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kpmg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

assets.kpmg.com

moaf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nytimes.com

dealbook.nytimes.com

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; English: 47th place)

scmp.com (Global: 362nd place; English: 245th place)

sec.gov (Global: 572nd place; English: 436th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sfu.ca (Global: 3,413th place; English: 2,445th place)

slate.com (Global: 259th place; English: 188th place)

statesman.com (Global: 3,030th place; English: 1,635th place)

transactionadvisors.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

umaryland.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,717th place)

law.umaryland.edu

vanderbilt.edu (Global: 3,332nd place; English: 1,981st place)

scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34th place; English: 27th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

wsj.com (Global: 79th place; English: 65th place)

blogs.wsj.com

wsj.com

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309th place; English: 660th place)

aeaweb.org (Global: 7,762^nd place; English: 5,451^st place)

arab.news (Global: 6,427^th place; English: 3,981^st place)

bepress.com (Global: 7,958^th place; English: 5,250^th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,120^th place; English: 1,328^th place)

cnbc.com (Global: 220^th place; English: 155^th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 2,714^th place; English: 2,274^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

epfl.ch (Global: 4,521^st place; English: 4,877^th place)

finra.org (Global: low place; English: 9,573^rd place)

fortune.com (Global: 433^rd place; English: 284^th place)

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

hbs.edu (Global: 4,520^th place; English: 2,790^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

scmp.com (Global: 362^nd place; English: 245^th place)

sec.gov (Global: 572^nd place; English: 436^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

sfu.ca (Global: 3,413^th place; English: 2,445^th place)

slate.com (Global: 259^th place; English: 188^th place)

statesman.com (Global: 3,030^th place; English: 1,635^th place)

umaryland.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,717^th place)

vanderbilt.edu (Global: 3,332^nd place; English: 1,981^st place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309^th place; English: 660^th place)