Initiation (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Initiation" in English language version.

Last modified: 02:17:03, 8 May 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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108doi.org

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76web.archive.org

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22books.google.com

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22psu.edu

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22archive.org

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22semanticscholar.org

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21umd.edu

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11rosicrucian.org

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11sfsu.edu

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11vladsokhin.com

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11dispatch.com

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11cbsnews.com

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11osu.edu

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11jstor.org

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11thesundaytimes.co.uk

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Festinger, L (1961). "The psychological effects of insufficient rewards". American Psychologist. 16 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1037/h0045112.
MacCormack, Carol P. (1975). Dana Raphael (ed.). Bundu: Political Implications of Female Solidarity in a Secret Society. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN 0-202-01151-8.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Miller, William Ian (1995). Humiliation: And Other Essays on Honor, Social Discomfort, and Violence. Cornell paperbacks : essays, sociology (reprint ed.). ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 164. ISBN 9780801481178. Retrieved 27 July 2019. The humiliation of initiation rituals borrows from the world of comic ordering, the shaming rituals from tragic ordering. The initiation ritual conceives of humiliation as a test, a rite, prior to and indeed allowing for the attainment of honor as a group member of good standing.
DeMello, Margo (2014). Inked: Tattoos and Body Art around the World. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 272–274. ISBN 978-1-61069-076-8. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

James M Klatell. Exclusive: Gangs Spreading In The Military

dispatch.com (Global: 2,230^th place; English: 1,076^th place)

Coolidge, Sharon (November 26, 2008). "Man, 18, gets life in prison for murder". The Cincinnati Enquirer. GateHouse Media, Inc. The Columbia Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Aronson, E.; Mills, J. (1959). "The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 59 (2): 177–181. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.1481. doi:10.1037/h0047195. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Festinger, L (1961). "The psychological effects of insufficient rewards". American Psychologist. 16 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1037/h0045112.
Kamau, C. (2012). What does being initiated severely into a group do? The role of rewards. International Journal of Psychology, doi:10.1080/00207594.2012.663957
Keating, C. F.; Pomerantz, J.; Pommer, S. D.; Ritt, S. J. H.; Miller, L. M.; McCormick, J. (2005). "Going to college and unpacking hazing: A functional approach to decrypting initiation practices among undergraduates". Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice. 9 (2): 104–126. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.2494. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.9.2.104. S2CID 43240412. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Lodewijkx, H. F. M.; van Zomeren, M.; Syroit, J. E. M. M. (2005). "The anticipation of a severe initiation: Gender differences in effects on affiliation tendency and group attraction". Small Group Research. 36 (2): 237–262. doi:10.1177/1046496404272381. S2CID 146168269.
Brumbaugh (1980:332) Brumbaugh, Robert (1980). "Models of Separation and a Mountain Ok Religion". Ethos. 8 (4): 332–348. doi:10.1525/eth.1980.8.4.02a00050.
Robbins (2001:904) Robbins, Joel (2001). "God Is Nothing but Talk: Modernity, Language, and Prayer in a Papua New Guinea Society". American Anthropologist. 103 (4): 901–912. doi:10.1525/aa.2001.103.4.901.
Robbins (1998:307–308) Robbins, Joel (1998). "Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Desire among the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea". Ethnology. 37 (4): 299–316. doi:10.2307/3773784. JSTOR 3773784.per

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Robbins (1998:307–308) Robbins, Joel (1998). "Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Desire among the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea". Ethnology. 37 (4): 299–316. doi:10.2307/3773784. JSTOR 3773784.per

osu.edu (Global: 2,360^th place; English: 1,459^th place)

researchnews.osu.edu

Jeff Grabmeier. TEENS CAN REFUSE GANG MEMBERSHIP WITHOUT SERIOUS HARM, STUDY SAYS. Ohio State University. Dec 18, 1998.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Aronson, E.; Mills, J. (1959). "The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 59 (2): 177–181. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.1481. doi:10.1037/h0047195. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Keating, C. F.; Pomerantz, J.; Pommer, S. D.; Ritt, S. J. H.; Miller, L. M.; McCormick, J. (2005). "Going to college and unpacking hazing: A functional approach to decrypting initiation practices among undergraduates". Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice. 9 (2): 104–126. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.2494. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.9.2.104. S2CID 43240412. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

rosicrucian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bernard, Christian (2015). So Mote It Be!. Chapter 10. Mystical Initiation (Definition). The Rosicrucian Order, AMORC. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Keating, C. F.; Pomerantz, J.; Pommer, S. D.; Ritt, S. J. H.; Miller, L. M.; McCormick, J. (2005). "Going to college and unpacking hazing: A functional approach to decrypting initiation practices among undergraduates". Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice. 9 (2): 104–126. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.2494. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.9.2.104. S2CID 43240412. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Lodewijkx, H. F. M.; van Zomeren, M.; Syroit, J. E. M. M. (2005). "The anticipation of a severe initiation: Gender differences in effects on affiliation tendency and group attraction". Small Group Research. 36 (2): 237–262. doi:10.1177/1046496404272381. S2CID 146168269.

sfsu.edu (Global: 8,214^th place; English: 5,196^th place)

nsrc.sfsu.edu

"Sailor Men: Are Navy rituals, like Kissing the Royal Belly, homophobic or homoerotic?". Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2009-09-01.

thesundaytimes.co.uk (Global: 6,417^th place; English: 3,907^th place)

Backshall, Steve (6 January 2008). "Bitten by the Amazon". The Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2013.

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; English: 1,172^nd place)

gangs.umd.edu

Maryland gangs.Associated Gangs in this county Archived 2007-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.

vladsokhin.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Crying Meri". Vlad Sokhin. Retrieved 12 February 2014.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Bernard, Christian (2015). So Mote It Be!. Chapter 10. Mystical Initiation (Definition). The Rosicrucian Order, AMORC. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
"Sailor Men: Are Navy rituals, like Kissing the Royal Belly, homophobic or homoerotic?". Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
Maryland gangs.Associated Gangs in this county Archived 2007-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Coolidge, Sharon (November 26, 2008). "Man, 18, gets life in prison for murder". The Cincinnati Enquirer. GateHouse Media, Inc. The Columbia Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
Backshall, Steve (6 January 2008). "Bitten by the Amazon". The Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
DeMello, Margo (2014). Inked: Tattoos and Body Art around the World. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 272–274. ISBN 978-1-61069-076-8. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

Initiation (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 136th place; English: 93rd place)

dispatch.com (Global: 2,230th place; English: 1,076th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

osu.edu (Global: 2,360th place; English: 1,459th place)