Instrument landing system (English Wikipedia)

Preston, Edmund (ed.). "FAA Historical Chronology: Civil Aviation and the Federal Government, 1926–1996" (PDF). Repository and Open Science Access Portal; National Transportation Library; United States Department of Transportation. United States Federal Aviation Administration. p. 9. Retrieved October 5, 2020. Sep 24, 1929: At Mitchel Field, N.Y., Army Lt. James H. Doolittle became the first pilot to use only instrument guidance to take off, fly a set course, and land. Doolittle received directional guidance from a radio range course aligned with the airport runway, while radio marker beacons indicated his distance from the runway. [...] He flew in a hooded cockpit, but was accompanied by a check pilot who could have intervened in an emergency.
Mattis, James N. (2017). "2017 Federal Radionavigation Plan".

caa.govt.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Annex 10 – Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume I (Radio Navigation Aids) Amendment 81" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 15, 2008.

centennialofflight.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mola, Roger. "History of Aircraft Landing Aids". centennialofflight.net. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2010.

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; English: 1,115^th place)

"EGNOS navigation system begins serving Europe's aircraft". Archived from the original on March 6, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2011.

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eur-lex.europa.eu

"Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/208 of 14 December 2021 amending Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 as regards the requirements for all-weather operations (Text with EEA relevance)". EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union. February 17, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2025.

easa.europa.eu

"Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) to Part-SPA" (PDF). Annex to ED Decision 2012-019-R. EASA. October 25, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.

faa.gov (Global: 985^th place; English: 575^th place)

"Satellite Navigation – GPS/WAAS Approaches".
"FAA Order 6050.32B - SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES MANUAL" (PDF). faa.gov. November 17, 2005. Retrieved July 27, 2026.
"AC90-108" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
"Chapter 9. Navigation Systems". Instrument Flying Handbook (PDF) (FAA-H-8083-15B ed.). Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service. 2012. p. 38. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"ENR 4.1 Navigation Aids – En Route". Aeronautical Information Publication. Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved January 12, 2025.
FAA Order 8260.3C, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) Archived 2017-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, effective 2016-03-14, accessed 2017-12-04
"Aeronautical Information Manual". FAA. July 9, 2026. Retrieved August 23, 2026.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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"Localizer and Glide slope Frequency Pairing". FCC.

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"Approach chart of Kai Tak Airport runway 13". flyingtigersgroup.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009.

icao.int (Global: 5,423^rd place; English: 4,488^th place)

"ICAO DOC8400 Amendment 28". icao.int. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014.

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,878^th place; English: 1,099^th place)

Instrument Landing Systems(Ils) Market Share, Size Global Regional Analysis, Key Findings, Growth Factors, Industry Demand, Key Players Profiles, Future Prospects and Forecasts to 2025 (Marketwatch) https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/instrument-landing-systemsils-market-share-size-global-regional-analysis-key-findings-growth-factors-industry-demand-key-players-profiles-future-prospects-and-forecasts-to-2025-2021-08-26 Archived 2021-09-21 at the Wayback Machine

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

nvlpubs.nist.gov

Dunmore, F.W. (1928). "Design of Tuned Reed Course Indicators for Aircraft Radiobeacon" (PDF). Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. pp. 751–769. Retrieved December 16, 2025.

nonstopsystems.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Reichspatentamt Patentschrift Nr. 720 890, Anordnung zur Erzeugung einer gradlinigen Gleitwegführung für Flugzeuglandezwecke, Dr.-Ing. Ernst Kramar, Dr.-Ing. Werner Gerbes, 1937.November.5 (PDF).

nordian.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Instrument Landing System" (PDF). Nordian.

radarworld.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History of Radio Flight Navigation Systems" (PDF). Radar World. pp. 2–4.

skyradar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Balmus, Elena (April 16, 2019). "An Introduction into the Signals of ILS, DME and VOR". SkyRadar.

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Department of Transportation and Department of Defense (March 25, 2002). "2001 Federal Radionavigation Systems" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2005.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"ICAO DOC8400 Amendment 28". icao.int. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014.
FAA, ILS Glide Slope Critical Area Advisory (archived): pg 4, ILS Course Distortion
"Approach chart of Kai Tak Airport runway 13". flyingtigersgroup.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009.
Department of Transportation and Department of Defense (March 25, 2002). "2001 Federal Radionavigation Systems" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2005.
"AC90-108" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
FAA Order 8260.3C, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) Archived 2017-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, effective 2016-03-14, accessed 2017-12-04
"Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) to Part-SPA" (PDF). Annex to ED Decision 2012-019-R. EASA. October 25, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
Mola, Roger. "History of Aircraft Landing Aids". centennialofflight.net. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
Instrument Landing Systems(Ils) Market Share, Size Global Regional Analysis, Key Findings, Growth Factors, Industry Demand, Key Players Profiles, Future Prospects and Forecasts to 2025 (Marketwatch) https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/instrument-landing-systemsils-market-share-size-global-regional-analysis-key-findings-growth-factors-industry-demand-key-players-profiles-future-prospects-and-forecasts-to-2025-2021-08-26 Archived 2021-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
"Annex 10 – Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume I (Radio Navigation Aids) Amendment 81" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 15, 2008.
NATS (March 26, 2009). "Worlds first low-visibility microwave landing system comes into operation at Heathrow". atc-network.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
"EGNOS navigation system begins serving Europe's aircraft". Archived from the original on March 6, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 127^th place; English: 68^th place)

The Development of the Civil Aeronautics Authority Instrument Landing System at Indianapolis, W. E. Jackson, A. Alford, P. F. Byrne, H. B. Fischer, Electrical Communication, April.1940, Vol.18, Number 4 (PDF).

Instrument landing system (English Wikipedia)

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