Intellectual disability (English Wikipedia)

Daily DK, Ardinger HH, Holmes GE (February 2000). "Identification and evaluation of mental retardation". American Family Physician. 61 (4): 1059–67, 1070. PMID 10706158. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04.

aaidd.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Definition of Intellectual Disability". Archived from the original on 2017-01-23.
"Journals". Archived from the original on 2014-08-21.
"Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (11th Edition)". Archived from the original on 2016-12-02.
"Frequently Asked Questions on Intellectual Disability". American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD). Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013. The term intellectual disability covers the same population of individuals who were diagnosed previously with mental retardation in number, kind, level, type, duration of disability, and the need of people with this disability for individualized services and supports.

aap.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

publications.aap.org

Katusic, Maja Z.; Myers, Scott M.; Weaver, Amy L.; Voigt, Robert G. (2021-12-01). "IQ in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study". Pediatrics. 148 (6): e2020049899. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-049899. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 34851412. S2CID 243762735.
Shenouda, Josephine; Barrett, Emily; Davidow, Amy L.; Sidwell, Kate; Lescott, Cara; Halperin, William; Silenzio, Vincent M. B.; Zahorodny, Walter (2023-02-01). "Prevalence and Disparities in the Detection of Autism Without Intellectual Disability". Pediatrics. 151 (2): e2022056594. doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056594. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 36700335. S2CID 256273971.

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American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. p. 809. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. hdl:2027.42/138395. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.

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"Australian Psychological Society: Psychologists and intellectual disability". Psychology.org.au. Archived from the original on 2012-09-08. Retrieved 2010-06-29.

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"Christmas in Purgatory & Willowbrook". Arcmass.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
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Rohrer, Finlo (2008-09-22). "The path from cinema to playground". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2010-06-29.

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"Learning Disabilities: Prevalence". Social Work, Alcohol & Drugs. University of Bedfordshire. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2014-10-18.

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Services, Department of Health & Human. "Cognitive behaviour therapy". www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2025-05-08.

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bmjopen.bmj.com

Kinnear, Deborah; Morrison, Jill; Allan, Linda; Henderson, Angela; Smiley, Elita; Cooper, Sally-Ann (2018-02-01). "Prevalence of physical conditions and multimorbidity in a cohort of adults with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome: cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 8 (2) e018292. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018292. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 5829598. PMID 29431619.

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Wilmshurst, Linda (2012). Clinical and Educational Child Psychology an Ecological-Transactional Approach to Understanding Child Problems and Interventions. Hoboken: Wiley. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-118-43998-2.
Porter R, Wright D (7 August 2003). The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800–1965. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80206-2. Retrieved 11 August 2012.

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"Unrecognized Health Disparity Population | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019-10-28. Retrieved 2020-04-06.

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Wolfensberger W (January 10, 1969). "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models". Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded. President's Committee on Mental Retardation, Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on May 12, 2006.
"The ARC Highlights — Beyond Affliction: Beyond Affliction Document". Disabilitymuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2010-06-29.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8. Retrieved 2024-04-13. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Barros, Isabela; Leão, Vito; Santis, Jessica O.; Rosa, Reginaldo; Brotto, Danielle B.; Storti, Camila; Siena, Ádamo; Molfetta, Greice; Silva Jr, Wilson A. (2021). "Non-Syndromic Intellectual Disability and Its Pathways: A Long Noncoding RNA Perspective". Non-Coding RNA. 7 (1): 22. doi:10.3390/ncrna7010022. PMC 8005948. PMID 33799572.
Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et al. (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators) (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. p. 809. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. hdl:2027.42/138395. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Siegel, Matthew (1 April 2020). "Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 59 (4). Elsevier on behalf of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 468–96. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.018. eISSN 1527-5418. ISSN 0890-8567. LCCN 87640752. OCLC 14404226. PMID 33928910. S2CID 212947591.
Tafla, Tally Lichtensztejn; Brunoni, Decio; Carreiro, Luiz Renato Rodrigues; Seabra, Alessandra Gotuzo; Silva, Leandro Augusto da; Bastos, Daiane Cristina de Souza; Rossi, Ana Claudia; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araujo dos; Teixeira, Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz (2021-03-08). "DIagnosys: An Analytical Framework for the Identification of Elementary School Students with Intellectual Disability". Frontiers in Education. 6. doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.609523. ISSN 2504-284X.
Pedersen AL, Pettygrove S, Lu Z, Andrews J, Meaney FJ, Kurzius-Spencer M, et al. (August 2017). "DSM Criteria that Best Differentiate Intellectual Disability from Autism Spectrum Disorder". Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 48 (4): 537–545. doi:10.1007/s10578-016-0681-0. PMID 27558812. S2CID 4377173.
Polyak, Andrew; Kubina, Richard M.; Girirajan, Santhosh (2015-07-22). "Comorbidity of intellectual disability confounds ascertainment of autism: implications for genetic diagnosis". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 168 (7): 600–608. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32338. PMID 26198689. S2CID 7635120.
Katusic, Maja Z.; Myers, Scott M.; Weaver, Amy L.; Voigt, Robert G. (2021-12-01). "IQ in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study". Pediatrics. 148 (6): e2020049899. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-049899. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 34851412. S2CID 243762735.
Shenouda, Josephine; Barrett, Emily; Davidow, Amy L.; Sidwell, Kate; Lescott, Cara; Halperin, William; Silenzio, Vincent M. B.; Zahorodny, Walter (2023-02-01). "Prevalence and Disparities in the Detection of Autism Without Intellectual Disability". Pediatrics. 151 (2): e2022056594. doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056594. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 36700335. S2CID 256273971.
Matson JL, Dempsey T (2008). "Stereotypy in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Relationship and Diagnostic Fidelity". Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. 20 (2): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10882-007-9086-0. S2CID 143874013.
Robertson, Janet; Hatton, Chris; Emerson, Eric; Baines, Susannah (July 2015). "Prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review". Seizure. 29: 46–62. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.016. PMID 26076844.
Kiani, R.; Tyrer, F.; Jesu, A.; Bhaumik, S.; Gangavati, S.; Walker, G.; Kazmi, S.; Barrett, M. (June 2014). "Mortality from sudden unexpected death in epilepsy ( SUDEP ) in a cohort of adults with intellectual disability". Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 58 (6): 508–520. doi:10.1111/jir.12047. ISSN 0964-2633. PMID 23647577.
Kinnear, Deborah; Morrison, Jill; Allan, Linda; Henderson, Angela; Smiley, Elita; Cooper, Sally-Ann (2018-02-01). "Prevalence of physical conditions and multimorbidity in a cohort of adults with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome: cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 8 (2) e018292. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018292. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 5829598. PMID 29431619.
Sun, James J.; Perera, Bhathika; Henley, William; Angus-Leppan, Heather; Sawhney, Indermeet; Watkins, Lance; Purandare, Kiran N.; Eyeoyibo, Mogbeyiteren; Scheepers, Mark; Lines, Geraldine; Winterhalder, Robert; Ashby, Samantha; De Silva, Ravi; Miller, Jonjo; Philpott, David E. (2022-05-01). "Epilepsy related multimorbidity, polypharmacy and risks in adults with intellectual disabilities: a national study". Journal of Neurology. 269 (5): 2750–2760. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10938-3. hdl:10871/128802. ISSN 1432-1459. PMID 35067759.
Sun, James J.; Watkins, Lance; Henley, William; Laugharne, Richard; Angus-Leppan, Heather; Sawhney, Indermeet; Shahidi, Meissam Moghaddassian; Purandare, Kiran; Eyeoyibo, Mogbeyiteren; Scheepers, Mark; Lines, Geraldine; Winterhalder, Robert; Perera, Bhathika; Hyams, Benjamin; Ashby, Samantha (2023-07-01). "Mortality risk in adults with intellectual disabilities and epilepsy: an England and Wales case–control study". Journal of Neurology. 270 (7): 3527–3536. doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11701-6. ISSN 1432-1459. PMC 10078066. PMID 37022478.
Shankar, Rohit; Marston, Xiaocong Li; Danielson, Vanessa; Do Rego, Bronwyn; Lasagne, Reginald; Williams, Oliver; Groves, Lara (2024-05-01). "Real-world evidence of epidemiology, patient characteristics, and mortality in people with drug-resistant epilepsy in the United Kingdom, 2011–2021". Journal of Neurology. 271 (5): 2473–2483. doi:10.1007/s00415-023-12165-4. ISSN 1432-1459. PMC 11055725. PMID 38240828.
Allard, Jon; Henley, William; Sellers, Adrian; O'Shaughnessy, Emma; Thomson, Oliver; McLean, Brendan; Parrett, Mary; Rajakulendran, Sanjeev; Watkins, Lance; Maguire, Melissa; Ellawela, Shan; Tittensor, Phil; Sen, Arjune; Mohanraj, Rajiv; Bagary, Manny (September 2024). "Efficacy and tolerability of Brivaracetam in people with intellectual disability compared to those without intellectual disability". Epilepsy & Behavior. 158 109906. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109906. ISSN 1525-5050. PMID 38936308.
Allard, Jon; Sellers, Adrian; Henley, William; McLean, Brendan; Parrett, Mary; Rajakulendran, Sanjeev; Watkins, Lance; Maguire, Melissa; Ellawela, Shan; Tittensor, Phil; Bransgrove, Juliet; Sen, Arjune; Mohanraj, Rajiv; Bagary, Many; Ram, Sunil (August 2024). "Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in people with and without intellectual disabilities: A naturalistic case control study". Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy. 120: 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.010. ISSN 1059-1311. PMID 38897161.
Maia, Nuno; Nabais Sá, Maria João; Melo-Pires, Manuel; de Brouwer, Arjan P. M.; Jorge, Paula (2021-12-20). "Intellectual disability genomics: current state, pitfalls and future challenges". BMC Genomics. 22 (1): 909. doi:10.1186/s12864-021-08227-4. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 8686650. PMID 34930158.
Jansen, Sandra; Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M.; de Vries, Bert B. A. (2023-01-30). "The Genetics of Intellectual Disability". Brain Sciences. 13 (2): 231. doi:10.3390/brainsci13020231. ISSN 2076-3425. PMC 9953898. PMID 36831774.
Badano JL, Mitsuma N, Beales PL, Katsanis N (September 2006). "The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 7: 125–48. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610. PMID 16722803. S2CID 40223129.
Siderius LE, Hamel BC, van Bokhoven H, de Jager F, van den Helm B, Kremer H, et al. (July 1999). "X-linked mental retardation associated with cleft lip/palate maps to Xp11.3-q21.3". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 85 (3): 216–20. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990730)85:3<216::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 10398231.
Laumonnier F, Holbert S, Ronce N, Faravelli F, Lenzner S, Schwartz CE, et al. (October 2005). "Mutations in PHF8 are associated with X linked mental retardation and cleft lip/cleft palate". Journal of Medical Genetics. 42 (10): 780–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.029439. PMC 1735927. PMID 16199551.
Leggett V, Jacobs P, Nation K, Scerif G, Bishop DV (February 2010). "Neurocognitive outcomes of individuals with a sex chromosome trisomy: XXX, XYY, or XXY: a systematic review". Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 52 (2): 119–29. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03545.x. PMC 2820350. PMID 20059514.
Sundaram SK, Sivaswamy L, Makki MI, Behen ME, Chugani HT (February 2008). "Absence of arcuate fasciculus in children with global developmental delay of unknown etiology: a diffusion tensor imaging study". The Journal of Pediatrics. 152 (2): 250–5. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.037. PMID 18206698.
Ardiel, Evan L; Rankin, Catharine H (March 2010). "The importance of touch in development". Paediatrics & Child Health. 15 (3): 153–156. doi:10.1093/pch/15.3.153. ISSN 1205-7088. PMC 2865952. PMID 21358895.
Straccia C, Tessari Veyre A, Bernasconi F, Petitpierre G (2019-04-11). "Examining lifespan stage recognition abilities among adults with intellectual disability". Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. 45 (2): 110–118. doi:10.3109/13668250.2019.1580116. ISSN 1366-8250. S2CID 151191181.
Hodapp RM, Burack JA (2015). "Developmental Approaches to Children with Mental Retardation: A Second Generation". In Cicchetti, Dante, Cohen, Donald J. (eds.). Developmental Psychopathology. Vol. 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 235–267. doi:10.1002/9780470939406.ch6. ISBN 978-0-471-23738-9.
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Matson JL, Matson ML, Rivet TT (September 2007). "Social-skills treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders: an overview". Behavior Modification. 31 (5): 682–707. doi:10.1177/0145445507301650. PMID 17699124. S2CID 35318587.
van der Schuit M, Segers E, van Balkom H, Verhoeven L (2011). "Early language intervention for children with intellectual disabilities: a neurocognitive perspective". Research in Developmental Disabilities. 32 (2): 705–12. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.010. PMID 21159487.
Kemp C, Carter M (2002). "The social skills and social status of mainstreamed students with intellectual disabilities". Educational Psychology. 22 (4): 391–411. doi:10.1080/0144341022000003097. S2CID 143880400.
Siperstein GN, Glick GC, Parker RC (April 2009). "Social inclusion of children with intellectual disabilities in a recreational setting". Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 47 (2). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: 97–107. doi:10.1352/1934-9556-47.2.97. eISSN 1934-9556. ISSN 1934-9491. PMID 19368488.
Hay I, Elias G, Fielding-Barnsley R, Homel R, Freiberg K (2007). "Language delays, reading delays, and learning difficulties: interactive elements requiring multidimensional programming". Journal of Learning Disabilities. 40 (5): 400–9. doi:10.1177/00222194070400050301. PMID 17915494. S2CID 21854907.
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Ratz, Christoph; Lenhard, Wolfgang (2013-05-01). "Reading skills among students with intellectual disabilities". Research in Developmental Disabilities. 34 (5): 1740–1748. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.021. ISSN 0891-4222. PMID 23500168.
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Gernsbacher, Morton Ann; Raimond, Adam R.; Balinghasay, M. Theresa; Boston, Jilana S. (2016-12-19). ""Special needs" is an ineffective euphemism". Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. 1 (1): 29. doi:10.1186/s41235-016-0025-4. ISSN 2365-7464. PMC 5256467. PMID 28133625.
Salvador-Carulla L, Reed GM, Vaez-Azizi LM, Cooper SA, Martinez-Leal R, Bertelli M, et al. (October 2011). "Intellectual developmental disorders: towards a new name, definition and framework for "mental retardation/intellectual disability" in ICD-11". World Psychiatry. 10 (3): 175–80. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00045.x. PMC 3188762. PMID 21991267.
Cooney G, Jahoda A, Gumley A, Knott F (June 2006). "Young people with intellectual disabilities attending mainstream and segregated schooling: perceived stigma, social comparison and future aspirations". Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 50 (Pt 6): 432–44. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00789.x. PMID 16672037.
Krahn GL, Fox MH (September 2014). "Health disparities of adults with intellectual disabilities: what do we know? What do we do?". Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 27 (5): 431–46. doi:10.1111/jar.12067. PMC 4475843. PMID 23913632.
Ali A, Scior K, Ratti V, Strydom A, King M, Hassiotis A (2013-08-12). "Discrimination and other barriers to accessing health care: perspectives of patients with mild and moderate intellectual disability and their carers". PLOS ONE. 8 (8) e70855. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...870855A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070855. PMC 3741324. PMID 23951026.
Ervin DA, Hennen B, Merrick J, Morad M (2014-07-15). "Healthcare for persons with intellectual and developmental disability in the community". Frontiers in Public Health. 2: 83. Bibcode:2014FrPH....2...83E. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00083. PMC 4098023. PMID 25077139.

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Robertson, Janet; Hatton, Chris; Emerson, Eric; Baines, Susannah (July 2015). "Prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review". Seizure. 29: 46–62. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.016. PMID 26076844.
Allard, Jon; Sellers, Adrian; Henley, William; McLean, Brendan; Parrett, Mary; Rajakulendran, Sanjeev; Watkins, Lance; Maguire, Melissa; Ellawela, Shan; Tittensor, Phil; Bransgrove, Juliet; Sen, Arjune; Mohanraj, Rajiv; Bagary, Many; Ram, Sunil (August 2024). "Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in people with and without intellectual disabilities: A naturalistic case control study". Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy. 120: 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.010. ISSN 1059-1311. PMID 38897161.

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Sun, James J.; Perera, Bhathika; Henley, William; Angus-Leppan, Heather; Sawhney, Indermeet; Watkins, Lance; Purandare, Kiran N.; Eyeoyibo, Mogbeyiteren; Scheepers, Mark; Lines, Geraldine; Winterhalder, Robert; Ashby, Samantha; De Silva, Ravi; Miller, Jonjo; Philpott, David E. (2022-05-01). "Epilepsy related multimorbidity, polypharmacy and risks in adults with intellectual disabilities: a national study". Journal of Neurology. 269 (5): 2750–2760. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10938-3. hdl:10871/128802. ISSN 1432-1459. PMID 35067759.

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Ali A, Scior K, Ratti V, Strydom A, King M, Hassiotis A (2013-08-12). "Discrimination and other barriers to accessing health care: perspectives of patients with mild and moderate intellectual disability and their carers". PLOS ONE. 8 (8) e70855. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...870855A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070855. PMC 3741324. PMID 23951026.
Ervin DA, Hennen B, Merrick J, Morad M (2014-07-15). "Healthcare for persons with intellectual and developmental disability in the community". Frontiers in Public Health. 2: 83. Bibcode:2014FrPH....2...83E. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00083. PMC 4098023. PMID 25077139.

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who.int (Global: 195th place; English: 302nd place)

icd.who.int

wikiwix.com (Global: 194th place; English: 643rd place)

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wiley.com (Global: 222nd place; English: 297th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

aafp.org (Global: 1,916^th place; English: 1,419^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

bmj.com (Global: 1,226^th place; English: 1,421^st place)

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euractiv.com (Global: 3,286^th place; English: 2,369^th place)

faqs.org (Global: 4,871^st place; English: 4,382^nd place)

govinfo.gov (Global: 1,998^th place; English: 1,116^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

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jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 959^th place)

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patient.info (Global: low place; English: 7,180^th place)

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psychcentral.com (Global: 9,619^th place; English: 7,824^th place)

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telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 614^th place; English: 572^nd place)

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web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

webmd.com (Global: 1,169^th place; English: 1,075^th place)

who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)

wikiwix.com (Global: 194^th place; English: 643^rd place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)