Internal structure of Earth (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Internal structure of Earth" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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23web.archive.org

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13doi.org

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12harvard.edu

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8nih.gov

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6semanticscholar.org

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4books.google.com

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2sciencing.com

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2worldcat.org

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2nationalgeographic.org

2,660^th place

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2nasa.gov

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1princeton.edu

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geoinfo.amu.edu.pl

Schmidt, Victor A.; Harbert, William (1998). "The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics". Planet Earth and the New Geosciences (3rd ed.). Kendall/Hunt. p. 442. ISBN 978-0-7872-4296-1. Archived from the original on 2010-01-24. Retrieved 2008-01-28. Schmidt, Victor A.; Harbert, William. "Unit 3: The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics". Planet Earth and the New Geosciences. Poznańb: Adam Mickiewicz University. Archived from the original on 2010-03-28.

bbc.co.uk

BBC News, "What is at the centre of the Earth? Archived 2020-05-23 at the Wayback Machine. BBC.co.uk (2011-08-31). Retrieved on 2012-01-27.

books.google.com

Rogers, N., ed. (2008). An Introduction to Our Dynamic Planet. Cambridge University Press and The Open University. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-521-49424-3. Archived from the original on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
Kearey, P.; Klepeis, K. A.; Vine, F. J. (2009). Global Tectonics (3 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 19–21. ISBN 9781405107778. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
Lowrie, W. (1997). Fundamentals of Geophysics. Cambridge University Press. p. 149. ISBN 9780521467285. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
Cathcart, R. B. & Ćirković, M. M. (2006). Badescu, Viorel; Cathcart, Richard Brook & Schuiling, Roelof D. (eds.). Macro-engineering: a challenge for the future. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-4020-3739-9.

britannica.com

"Continental crust". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2024.

doi.org

Petsko, Gregory A. (28 April 2011). "The blue marble". Genome Biology. 12 (4): 112. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-112. PMC 3218853. PMID 21554751.
Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003-01-01), Holland, Heinrich D.; Turekian, Karl K. (eds.), "3.01 – Composition of the Continental Crust", Treatise on Geochemistry, 3, Pergamon: 659, Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R, doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4, ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4, retrieved 2019-11-21
Yu, Chunquan; Day, Elizabeth A.; de Hoop, Maarten V.; Campillo, Michel; Goes, Saskia; Blythe, Rachel A.; van der Hilst, Robert D. (28 March 2018). "Compositional heterogeneity near the base of the mantle transition zone beneath Hawaii". Nat Commun. 9 (9): 1266. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.1266Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03654-6. PMC 5872023. PMID 29593266.
Monnereau, Marc; Calvet, Marie; Margerin, Ludovic; Souriau, Annie (21 May 2010). "Lopsided growth of Earth's inner core". Science. 328 (5981): 1014–1017. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1014M. doi:10.1126/science.1186212. PMID 20395477. S2CID 10557604.
Engdahl, E.R.; Flinn, E.A.; Massé, R.P. (1974). "Differential PKiKP travel times and the radius of the inner core". Geophysical Journal International. 39 (3): 457–463. Bibcode:1974GeoJ...39..457E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb05467.x.
Stixrude, Lars; Cohen, R.E. (January 15, 1995). "Constraints on the crystalline structure of the inner core: Mechanical instability of BCC iron at high pressure". Geophysical Research Letters. 22 (2): 125–28. Bibcode:1995GeoRL..22..125S. doi:10.1029/94GL02742. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
Benuzzi-Mounaix, A.; Koenig, M.; Ravasio, A.; Vinci, T. (2006). "Laser-driven shock waves for the study of extreme matter states". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 48 (12B): B347. Bibcode:2006PPCF...48B.347B. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/48/12B/S32. S2CID 121164044.
Remington, Bruce A.; Drake, R. Paul; Ryutov, Dmitri D. (2006). "Experimental astrophysics with high power lasers and Z pinches". Reviews of Modern Physics. 78 (3): 755. Bibcode:2006RvMP...78..755R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.755. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
Benuzzi-Mounaix, A.; Koenig, M.; Husar, G.; Faral, B. (June 2002). "Absolute equation of state measurements of iron using laser driven shocks". Physics of Plasmas. 9 (6): 2466. Bibcode:2002PhPl....9.2466B. doi:10.1063/1.1478557.
Stixrude, L.; Cohen, R.E. (1995). "High-Pressure Elasticity of Iron and Anisotropy of Earth's Inner Core". Science. 267 (5206): 1972–75. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1972S. doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1972. PMID 17770110. S2CID 39711239.
Ozawa, H.; al., et (2011). "Phase Transition of FeO and Stratification in Earth's Outer Core". Science. 334 (6057): 792–94. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..792O. doi:10.1126/science.1208265. PMID 22076374. S2CID 1785237.
Herndon, J.M. (1980). "The chemical composition of the interior shells of the Earth". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A372 (1748): 149–54. Bibcode:1980RSPSA.372..149H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1980.0106. JSTOR 2398362. S2CID 97600604.
Buffett, Bruce A. (2010). "Tidal dissipation and the strength of the Earth's internal magnetic field". Nature. 468 (7326): 952–94. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..952B. doi:10.1038/nature09643. PMID 21164483. S2CID 4431270.

forbes.com

Nace, Trevor (16 January 2016). "Layers Of The Earth: What Lies Beneath Earth's Crust". Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003-01-01), Holland, Heinrich D.; Turekian, Karl K. (eds.), "3.01 – Composition of the Continental Crust", Treatise on Geochemistry, 3, Pergamon: 659, Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R, doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4, ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4, retrieved 2019-11-21
Yu, Chunquan; Day, Elizabeth A.; de Hoop, Maarten V.; Campillo, Michel; Goes, Saskia; Blythe, Rachel A.; van der Hilst, Robert D. (28 March 2018). "Compositional heterogeneity near the base of the mantle transition zone beneath Hawaii". Nat Commun. 9 (9): 1266. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.1266Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03654-6. PMC 5872023. PMID 29593266.
Monnereau, Marc; Calvet, Marie; Margerin, Ludovic; Souriau, Annie (21 May 2010). "Lopsided growth of Earth's inner core". Science. 328 (5981): 1014–1017. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1014M. doi:10.1126/science.1186212. PMID 20395477. S2CID 10557604.
Engdahl, E.R.; Flinn, E.A.; Massé, R.P. (1974). "Differential PKiKP travel times and the radius of the inner core". Geophysical Journal International. 39 (3): 457–463. Bibcode:1974GeoJ...39..457E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb05467.x.
Stixrude, Lars; Cohen, R.E. (January 15, 1995). "Constraints on the crystalline structure of the inner core: Mechanical instability of BCC iron at high pressure". Geophysical Research Letters. 22 (2): 125–28. Bibcode:1995GeoRL..22..125S. doi:10.1029/94GL02742. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
Benuzzi-Mounaix, A.; Koenig, M.; Ravasio, A.; Vinci, T. (2006). "Laser-driven shock waves for the study of extreme matter states". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 48 (12B): B347. Bibcode:2006PPCF...48B.347B. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/48/12B/S32. S2CID 121164044.
Remington, Bruce A.; Drake, R. Paul; Ryutov, Dmitri D. (2006). "Experimental astrophysics with high power lasers and Z pinches". Reviews of Modern Physics. 78 (3): 755. Bibcode:2006RvMP...78..755R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.755. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
Benuzzi-Mounaix, A.; Koenig, M.; Husar, G.; Faral, B. (June 2002). "Absolute equation of state measurements of iron using laser driven shocks". Physics of Plasmas. 9 (6): 2466. Bibcode:2002PhPl....9.2466B. doi:10.1063/1.1478557.
Stixrude, L.; Cohen, R.E. (1995). "High-Pressure Elasticity of Iron and Anisotropy of Earth's Inner Core". Science. 267 (5206): 1972–75. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1972S. doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1972. PMID 17770110. S2CID 39711239.
Ozawa, H.; al., et (2011). "Phase Transition of FeO and Stratification in Earth's Outer Core". Science. 334 (6057): 792–94. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..792O. doi:10.1126/science.1208265. PMID 22076374. S2CID 1785237.
Herndon, J.M. (1980). "The chemical composition of the interior shells of the Earth". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A372 (1748): 149–54. Bibcode:1980RSPSA.372..149H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1980.0106. JSTOR 2398362. S2CID 97600604.
Buffett, Bruce A. (2010). "Tidal dissipation and the strength of the Earth's internal magnetic field". Nature. 468 (7326): 952–94. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..952B. doi:10.1038/nature09643. PMID 21164483. S2CID 4431270.

jstor.org

Herndon, J.M. (1980). "The chemical composition of the interior shells of the Earth". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A372 (1748): 149–54. Bibcode:1980RSPSA.372..149H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1980.0106. JSTOR 2398362. S2CID 97600604.

lbl.gov

newscenter.lbl.gov

Preuss, Paul (July 17, 2011). "What Keeps the Earth Cooking?". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

nasa.gov

spaceflight.nasa.gov

"Apollo Imagery – AS17-148-22727". NASA. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2020.

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Planetary Fact Sheet". Lunar and Planetary Science. NASA. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2009.

nationalgeographic.com

"Earth's Interior". Science & Innovation. National Geographic. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2018.

nationalgeographic.org

education.nationalgeographic.org

Evers, Jeannie (11 August 2015). "Mantle". National Geographic. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
"Core". National Geographic. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

navy.mil

asa.usno.navy.mil

M_E = 5·9722×10²⁴ kg ± 6×10²⁰ kg. "2016 Selected Astronomical Constants Archived 2016-02-15 at the Wayback Machine" in The Astronomical Almanac Online, USNO–UKHO, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-24, retrieved 2016-02-18

nbcnews.com

David K. Li (19 January 2022). "Earth's core cooling faster than previously thought, researchers say". NBC News.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Petsko, Gregory A. (28 April 2011). "The blue marble". Genome Biology. 12 (4): 112. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-112. PMC 3218853. PMID 21554751.
Yu, Chunquan; Day, Elizabeth A.; de Hoop, Maarten V.; Campillo, Michel; Goes, Saskia; Blythe, Rachel A.; van der Hilst, Robert D. (28 March 2018). "Compositional heterogeneity near the base of the mantle transition zone beneath Hawaii". Nat Commun. 9 (9): 1266. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.1266Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03654-6. PMC 5872023. PMID 29593266.
Monnereau, Marc; Calvet, Marie; Margerin, Ludovic; Souriau, Annie (21 May 2010). "Lopsided growth of Earth's inner core". Science. 328 (5981): 1014–1017. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1014M. doi:10.1126/science.1186212. PMID 20395477. S2CID 10557604.
Stixrude, L.; Cohen, R.E. (1995). "High-Pressure Elasticity of Iron and Anisotropy of Earth's Inner Core". Science. 267 (5206): 1972–75. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1972S. doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1972. PMID 17770110. S2CID 39711239.
Ozawa, H.; al., et (2011). "Phase Transition of FeO and Stratification in Earth's Outer Core". Science. 334 (6057): 792–94. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..792O. doi:10.1126/science.1208265. PMID 22076374. S2CID 1785237.
Buffett, Bruce A. (2010). "Tidal dissipation and the strength of the Earth's internal magnetic field". Nature. 468 (7326): 952–94. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..952B. doi:10.1038/nature09643. PMID 21164483. S2CID 4431270.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Petsko, Gregory A. (28 April 2011). "The blue marble". Genome Biology. 12 (4): 112. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-112. PMC 3218853. PMID 21554751.
Yu, Chunquan; Day, Elizabeth A.; de Hoop, Maarten V.; Campillo, Michel; Goes, Saskia; Blythe, Rachel A.; van der Hilst, Robert D. (28 March 2018). "Compositional heterogeneity near the base of the mantle transition zone beneath Hawaii". Nat Commun. 9 (9): 1266. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.1266Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03654-6. PMC 5872023. PMID 29593266.

nuclearplanet.com

Herndon, J.M. (2005). "Scientific basis of knowledge on Earth's composition" (PDF). Current Science. 88 (7): 1034–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

princeton.edu

assets.press.princeton.edu

The Structure of Earth and Its Constituents (PDF). Princeton University Press. p. 4.

psc.edu

Schneider, Michael (1996). "Crystal at the Center of the Earth". Projects in Scientific Computing, 1996. Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

science.org

Krieger, Kim (24 March 2004). "D Layer Demystified". Science News. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2016.

sciencedirect.com

Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003-01-01), Holland, Heinrich D.; Turekian, Karl K. (eds.), "3.01 – Composition of the Continental Crust", Treatise on Geochemistry, 3, Pergamon: 659, Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R, doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4, ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4, retrieved 2019-11-21

sciencing.com

Chinn, Lisa (25 April 2017). "Earth's Structure From the Crust to the Inner Core". Sciencing. Leaf Group Media. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Shaw, Ethan (22 October 2018). "The Different Properties of the Asthenosphere & the Lithosphere". Sciencing. Leaf Group Media. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Monnereau, Marc; Calvet, Marie; Margerin, Ludovic; Souriau, Annie (21 May 2010). "Lopsided growth of Earth's inner core". Science. 328 (5981): 1014–1017. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1014M. doi:10.1126/science.1186212. PMID 20395477. S2CID 10557604.
Benuzzi-Mounaix, A.; Koenig, M.; Ravasio, A.; Vinci, T. (2006). "Laser-driven shock waves for the study of extreme matter states". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 48 (12B): B347. Bibcode:2006PPCF...48B.347B. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/48/12B/S32. S2CID 121164044.
Stixrude, L.; Cohen, R.E. (1995). "High-Pressure Elasticity of Iron and Anisotropy of Earth's Inner Core". Science. 267 (5206): 1972–75. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1972S. doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1972. PMID 17770110. S2CID 39711239.
Ozawa, H.; al., et (2011). "Phase Transition of FeO and Stratification in Earth's Outer Core". Science. 334 (6057): 792–94. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..792O. doi:10.1126/science.1208265. PMID 22076374. S2CID 1785237.
Herndon, J.M. (1980). "The chemical composition of the interior shells of the Earth". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A372 (1748): 149–54. Bibcode:1980RSPSA.372..149H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1980.0106. JSTOR 2398362. S2CID 97600604.
Buffett, Bruce A. (2010). "Tidal dissipation and the strength of the Earth's internal magnetic field". Nature. 468 (7326): 952–94. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..952B. doi:10.1038/nature09643. PMID 21164483. S2CID 4431270.

spaceflightnow.com

"Oldest rock shows Earth was a hospitable young planet". Spaceflight Now. National Science Foundation. 2001-01-14. Archived from the original on 2009-06-28. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

ucl.ac.uk

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Stixrude, Lars; Cohen, R.E. (January 15, 1995). "Constraints on the crystalline structure of the inner core: Mechanical instability of BCC iron at high pressure". Geophysical Research Letters. 22 (2): 125–28. Bibcode:1995GeoRL..22..125S. doi:10.1029/94GL02742. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

uni-jena.de

chemie.uni-jena.de

Walzer, Uwe; Hendel, Roland; Baumgardner, John. "Mantle Viscosity and the Thickness of the Convective Downwellings". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Universität Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 26 August 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

universetoday.com

Cain, Fraser (26 March 2016). "What is the Earth's Mantle Made Of?". Universe Today. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

unr.edu

Dolbier, Rachel. "Coring the Earth" (PDF). W. M. Keck Earth Science and Mineral Engineering Museum. University of Nevada, Reno: 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

uq.edu.au

physics.uq.edu.au

Edgeworth, R.; Dalton, B.J.; Parnell, T. "The Pitch Drop Experiment". The University of Queensland Australia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2007.

web.archive.org

"Apollo Imagery – AS17-148-22727". NASA. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
M_E = 5·9722×10²⁴ kg ± 6×10²⁰ kg. "2016 Selected Astronomical Constants Archived 2016-02-15 at the Wayback Machine" in The Astronomical Almanac Online, USNO–UKHO, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-24, retrieved 2016-02-18
"Planetary Fact Sheet". Lunar and Planetary Science. NASA. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
Andrei, Mihai (21 August 2018). "What are the layers of the Earth?". ZME Science. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Chinn, Lisa (25 April 2017). "Earth's Structure From the Crust to the Inner Core". Sciencing. Leaf Group Media. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Rogers, N., ed. (2008). An Introduction to Our Dynamic Planet. Cambridge University Press and The Open University. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-521-49424-3. Archived from the original on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
Schmidt, Victor A.; Harbert, William (1998). "The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics". Planet Earth and the New Geosciences (3rd ed.). Kendall/Hunt. p. 442. ISBN 978-0-7872-4296-1. Archived from the original on 2010-01-24. Retrieved 2008-01-28. Schmidt, Victor A.; Harbert, William. "Unit 3: The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics". Planet Earth and the New Geosciences. Poznańb: Adam Mickiewicz University. Archived from the original on 2010-03-28.
"Oldest rock shows Earth was a hospitable young planet". Spaceflight Now. National Science Foundation. 2001-01-14. Archived from the original on 2009-06-28. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
Nace, Trevor (16 January 2016). "Layers Of The Earth: What Lies Beneath Earth's Crust". Forbes. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Evers, Jeannie (11 August 2015). "Mantle". National Geographic. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Krieger, Kim (24 March 2004). "D Layer Demystified". Science News. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
Dolbier, Rachel. "Coring the Earth" (PDF). W. M. Keck Earth Science and Mineral Engineering Museum. University of Nevada, Reno: 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Cain, Fraser (26 March 2016). "What is the Earth's Mantle Made Of?". Universe Today. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Shaw, Ethan (22 October 2018). "The Different Properties of the Asthenosphere & the Lithosphere". Sciencing. Leaf Group Media. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Preuss, Paul (July 17, 2011). "What Keeps the Earth Cooking?". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Walzer, Uwe; Hendel, Roland; Baumgardner, John. "Mantle Viscosity and the Thickness of the Convective Downwellings". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Universität Heidelberg. Archived from the original on 26 August 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Edgeworth, R.; Dalton, B.J.; Parnell, T. "The Pitch Drop Experiment". The University of Queensland Australia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
"Earth's Interior". Science & Innovation. National Geographic. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
Stixrude, Lars; Cohen, R.E. (January 15, 1995). "Constraints on the crystalline structure of the inner core: Mechanical instability of BCC iron at high pressure". Geophysical Research Letters. 22 (2): 125–28. Bibcode:1995GeoRL..22..125S. doi:10.1029/94GL02742. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
Remington, Bruce A.; Drake, R. Paul; Ryutov, Dmitri D. (2006). "Experimental astrophysics with high power lasers and Z pinches". Reviews of Modern Physics. 78 (3): 755. Bibcode:2006RvMP...78..755R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.755. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
Schneider, Michael (1996). "Crystal at the Center of the Earth". Projects in Scientific Computing, 1996. Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
BBC News, "What is at the centre of the Earth? Archived 2020-05-23 at the Wayback Machine. BBC.co.uk (2011-08-31). Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
Herndon, J.M. (2005). "Scientific basis of knowledge on Earth's composition" (PDF). Current Science. 88 (7): 1034–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Himiyama, Yukio; Satake, Kenji; Oki, Taikan, eds. (2020). Human Geoscience. Singapore: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 27. ISBN 978-981-329-224-6. OCLC 1121043185.
Haynes, William M.; David R., Lide; Bruno, Thomas J., eds. (2017). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Section 6 page 247. ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3. OCLC 957751024.

yale.edu

elischolar.library.yale.edu

Hess, H. (1955-01-01). "The oceanic crust". Journal of Marine Research. 14 (4): 424. It has been common practice to subdivide the crust into sial and sima. These terms refer to generalized compositions, sial being those rocks rich in Si and Al and sima those rich in Si and Mg.

zenodo.org

Remington, Bruce A.; Drake, R. Paul; Ryutov, Dmitri D. (2006). "Experimental astrophysics with high power lasers and Z pinches". Reviews of Modern Physics. 78 (3): 755. Bibcode:2006RvMP...78..755R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.755. Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2019-06-26.

zmescience.com

Andrei, Mihai (21 August 2018). "What are the layers of the Earth?". ZME Science. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2019.