International Phonetic Alphabet (English Wikipedia)

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International Phonetic Association 1949, pp. 7, 12–13 International Phonetic Association (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association: being a description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the manner of using it, illustrated by texts in 51 languages.
International Phonetic Association 1949, pp. 15, 46 International Phonetic Association (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association: being a description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the manner of using it, illustrated by texts in 51 languages.
(International Phonetic Association 1949, p. 1) International Phonetic Association (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association: being a description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the manner of using it, illustrated by texts in 51 languages.
International Phonetic Association 1949, p. 1 International Phonetic Association (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association: being a description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the manner of using it, illustrated by texts in 51 languages.
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International Phonetic Association 1949, p. 17 International Phonetic Association (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association: being a description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the manner of using it, illustrated by texts in 51 languages.
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Maddieson 1990, p. 30 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
Barry, William J.; Trouvain, Jürgen (24 December 2008). "Do we need a symbol for a central open vowel?". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 38 (3): 349–357. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003587. S2CID 14350438.
Miller, Amanda L.; Brugman, Johanna; Sands, Bonny; Namaseb, Levi; Exter, Mats; Collins, Chris (2009). "Differences in airstream and posterior place of articulation among Nǀuu clicks". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (2): 129–161. doi:10.1017/S0025100309003867. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 46194815. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
"Further report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 23. December 1990. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004205. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 249405404. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
Maddieson 1990 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.

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Maddieson 1990, p. 30 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
Englebretson, Robert (2009). "An overview of IPA Braille: an updated tactile representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (1): 67. doi:10.1017/s0025100308003691. S2CID 36426880. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
Esling 2010, pp. 688, 693 Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
Barry, William J.; Trouvain, Jürgen (24 December 2008). "Do we need a symbol for a central open vowel?". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 38 (3): 349–357. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003587. S2CID 14350438.
Martin J. Ball; Joan Rahilly (August 2011). "The symbolization of central approximants in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 41 (2). Cambridge Journals Online: 231–237. doi:10.1017/s0025100311000107. S2CID 144408497.
Esling 2010, pp. 688–689 Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
Miller, Amanda L.; Brugman, Johanna; Sands, Bonny; Namaseb, Levi; Exter, Mats; Collins, Chris (2009). "Differences in airstream and posterior place of articulation among Nǀuu clicks". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (2): 129–161. doi:10.1017/S0025100309003867. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 46194815. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
Niesler, Thomas; Louw, Philippa; Roux, Justus (2005). "Phonetic analysis of Afrikaans, English, Xhosa and Zulu using South African speech databases". Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. 23 (4): 459–474. doi:10.2989/16073610509486401. ISSN 1607-3614. S2CID 7138676. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
"Further report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 23. December 1990. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004205. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 249405404. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
Roach 1989, p. 76 Roach, P.J. (1989). "Report on the 1989 Kiel convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/s0025100300003868. S2CID 249412330.
Roach 1989, pp. 75–76 Roach, P.J. (1989). "Report on the 1989 Kiel convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/s0025100300003868. S2CID 249412330.
Esling 2010, p. 691 Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
Maddieson 1990 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
Heselwood 2013, p. 7 Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
Heselwood 2013, p. 233 Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
van der Voort, Hein (October 2005). "Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective". International Journal of American Linguistics. 71 (4): 365–412. doi:10.1086/501245. ISSN 0020-7071. S2CID 224808983. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
Duckworth, Martin; Allen, George; Hardcastle, William; Ball, Martin (1990). "Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech". Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. 4 (4): 278. doi:10.3109/02699209008985489. ISSN 0269-9206.
Roach 1989, p. 75. Roach, P.J. (1989). "Report on the 1989 Kiel convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/s0025100300003868. S2CID 249412330.
Heselwood 2013, pp. 8 ff, 29 ff. Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
Tench, Paul (11 August 2011). Transcribing the Sound of English: A Phonetics Workbook for Words and Discourse. Cambridge University Press. p. 61. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511698361. ISBN 978-1-107-00019-3.
Ball, Martin J.; Lowry, Orla M. (2001). "Transcribing Disordered Speech". Methods in Clinical Phonetics. London: Whurr. p. 80. doi:10.1002/9780470777879.ch3. ISBN 978-1-86156-184-8. S2CID 58518097.
Esling 2010, p. 695 Esling, John H. (2010). "Phonetic Notation". In Hardcastle, William J.; Laver, John; Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 678–702. doi:10.1002/9781444317251.ch18. ISBN 978-1-4051-4590-9.
Ridouane, Rachid (August 2014). "Tashlhiyt Berber". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 44 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1017/S0025100313000388. S2CID 232344118.
e.g. Kaye, Alan S., ed. (21 July 2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa. Penn State University Press. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh537. ISBN 978-1-57506-566-3. JSTOR 10.5325/j.ctv1bxh537.
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Olson, Kenneth S.; Hajek, John (1999). "The phonetic status of the labial flap". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 29 (2): 101–114. doi:10.1017/s0025100300006484. S2CID 14438770.

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See for example Pe Maung Tin (1924). "bɜˑmiːz". Le Maître Phonétique. 2 (39) (5): 4–5. JSTOR 44704085. where five pitch levels are distinguished.
Passy, Paul (1888). "Our revised alphabet". The Phonetic Teacher. 3 (7/8): 57–60. JSTOR 44701189.
International Phonetic Association (1899:38) International Phonetic Association (1899). "tsum alfabeːt des mf". Le Maître Phonétique. 14 (2): 37–39. JSTOR 44707763.
Maddieson 1990, p. 30 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
Maddieson 1990 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
Chao, Yuen-Ren (1930). "ə sistim əv "toun-letəz"" [A system of "tone-letters"]. Le Maître Phonétique. 30: 24–27. JSTOR 44704341.
e.g. Kaye, Alan S., ed. (21 July 2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa. Penn State University Press. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh537. ISBN 978-1-57506-566-3. JSTOR 10.5325/j.ctv1bxh537.

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Heselwood 2013, p. 7 Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
Heselwood 2013, p. 233 Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
Heselwood 2013, pp. 8 ff, 29 ff. Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.

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Englebretson, Robert (2009). "An overview of IPA Braille: an updated tactile representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (1): 67. doi:10.1017/s0025100308003691. S2CID 36426880. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2014.

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Englebretson, Robert (2009). "An overview of IPA Braille: an updated tactile representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (1): 67. doi:10.1017/s0025100308003691. S2CID 36426880. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
Barry, William J.; Trouvain, Jürgen (24 December 2008). "Do we need a symbol for a central open vowel?". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 38 (3): 349–357. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003587. S2CID 14350438.
Martin J. Ball; Joan Rahilly (August 2011). "The symbolization of central approximants in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 41 (2). Cambridge Journals Online: 231–237. doi:10.1017/s0025100311000107. S2CID 144408497.
Miller, Amanda L.; Brugman, Johanna; Sands, Bonny; Namaseb, Levi; Exter, Mats; Collins, Chris (2009). "Differences in airstream and posterior place of articulation among Nǀuu clicks". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (2): 129–161. doi:10.1017/S0025100309003867. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 46194815. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
Niesler, Thomas; Louw, Philippa; Roux, Justus (2005). "Phonetic analysis of Afrikaans, English, Xhosa and Zulu using South African speech databases". Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. 23 (4): 459–474. doi:10.2989/16073610509486401. ISSN 1607-3614. S2CID 7138676. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
"Further report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 23. December 1990. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004205. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 249405404. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
Roach 1989, p. 76 Roach, P.J. (1989). "Report on the 1989 Kiel convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/s0025100300003868. S2CID 249412330.
Roach 1989, pp. 75–76 Roach, P.J. (1989). "Report on the 1989 Kiel convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/s0025100300003868. S2CID 249412330.
Heselwood 2013, p. 7 Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
Heselwood 2013, p. 233 Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
van der Voort, Hein (October 2005). "Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective". International Journal of American Linguistics. 71 (4): 365–412. doi:10.1086/501245. ISSN 0020-7071. S2CID 224808983. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
Roach 1989, p. 75. Roach, P.J. (1989). "Report on the 1989 Kiel convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 19 (2): 67–80. doi:10.1017/s0025100300003868. S2CID 249412330.
Heselwood 2013, pp. 8 ff, 29 ff. Heselwood, Barry (30 November 2013). Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640737.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-4073-7. S2CID 60269763. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
Ball, Martin J.; Lowry, Orla M. (2001). "Transcribing Disordered Speech". Methods in Clinical Phonetics. London: Whurr. p. 80. doi:10.1002/9780470777879.ch3. ISBN 978-1-86156-184-8. S2CID 58518097.
Ridouane, Rachid (August 2014). "Tashlhiyt Berber". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 44 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1017/S0025100313000388. S2CID 232344118.
Olson, Kenneth S.; Hajek, John (1999). "The phonetic status of the labial flap". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 29 (2): 101–114. doi:10.1017/s0025100300006484. S2CID 14438770.

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van der Voort, Hein (October 2005). "Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective". International Journal of American Linguistics. 71 (4): 365–412. doi:10.1086/501245. ISSN 0020-7071. S2CID 224808983. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

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Compare:
- The notes at the Unicode IPA EXTENSIONS code chart Archived 5 August 2019 at the
- Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (8 November 2020). "Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). Unicode. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
- Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (8 November 2020). "Unicode request for IPA modifier letters (b), non-pulmonic" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
- Unicode Pipeline: Code Points Provisionally Assigned, via L2/25-156R: Unicode request for old-style IPA pitch and tonetic stress marks
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- "IPA Council votes against new IPA symbol". UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences. May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
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For example, "Balearic". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.
Maddieson 1990, p. 30 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
Miller, Amanda L.; Brugman, Johanna; Sands, Bonny; Namaseb, Levi; Exter, Mats; Collins, Chris (2009). "Differences in airstream and posterior place of articulation among Nǀuu clicks". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (2): 129–161. doi:10.1017/S0025100309003867. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 46194815. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
Niesler, Thomas; Louw, Philippa; Roux, Justus (2005). "Phonetic analysis of Afrikaans, English, Xhosa and Zulu using South African speech databases". Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. 23 (4): 459–474. doi:10.2989/16073610509486401. ISSN 1607-3614. S2CID 7138676. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
"Further report on the 1989 Kiel Convention". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 23. December 1990. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004205. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 249405404. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
Maddieson 1990 Maddieson, Ian (December 1990). "The transcription of tone in the IPA". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 20 (2): 28–32. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004242. ISSN 1475-3502. JSTOR 44526805.
van der Voort, Hein (October 2005). "Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective". International Journal of American Linguistics. 71 (4): 365–412. doi:10.1086/501245. ISSN 0020-7071. S2CID 224808983. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
Duckworth, Martin; Allen, George; Hardcastle, William; Ball, Martin (1990). "Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech". Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. 4 (4): 278. doi:10.3109/02699209008985489. ISSN 0269-9206.

International Phonetic Alphabet (English Wikipedia)

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