Internet celebrity (English Wikipedia)

Tsoi, Grace (August 1, 2016). "The making of a Chinese internet star". BBC News. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

books.google.com

Celebrity in China. Hong Kong University Press. Retrieved August 6, 2015.

businessinsider.com

Schomer, Audrey. "Influencer Marketing: State of the social media influencer market in 2020". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2020.

businessinsider.in

"Instagram is testing hiding 'likes' and some influencers are angry. Industry execs told us how the change will affect their business". Business Insider. Retrieved August 30, 2023.

businessjournalism.org

"How Online Celebrities Make Money Via Advertising and Endorsements". Reynolds Center. November 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.

businessweek.com

Fine, Jon (July 10, 2006). "Polluting The Blogosphere". Archived from the original on August 6, 2006.

cbsnews.com

"Then and now: a history of social networking sites". CBS News. July 6, 2011. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.

chinadaily.com.cn

europe.chinadaily.com.cn

"China's Internet celebrity economy bigger than cinema|Society|chinadaily.com.cn". europe.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

m.chinadaily.com.cn

"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China". China Daily. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

cmswire.com

"Social Media Influencers: Mega, Macro, Micro or Nano". CMSWire.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.

cnbc.com

Picciotto, Rebecca (August 14, 2024). "FTC bans fake online reviews, inflated social media influence; rule takes effect in October". CNBC. Retrieved August 15, 2024.

cnn.com

"The new fame: Internet celebrity" Archived 2020-09-15 at the Wayback Machine at CNN

convinceandconvert.com

"A Comprehensive Guide to Instagram Influencer Marketing | Social Media Marketing". Content Marketing Consulting and Social Media Strategy. January 17, 2018. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.

cplaza.ne.jp

kodansha.cplaza.ne.jp

Kogawa, Tomo (1999). "「デジタル特捜隊ネットの有名人たちspecial ネットアイドルBEST10 1999年夏篇」". Kodansha (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 11, 2000. Retrieved May 12, 2021.

dailytexanonline.com

Rich, Gerald (June 16, 2010). "Zach Anner flattens 'Next Oprah' competition". The Daily Texan. The University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2010.

dexerto.com

Amos, Andrew (November 2, 2022). "VTubers redefine the music industry as virtual concerts and idols rise up". dexerto. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

doi.org

Schouten, Alexander P.; Janssen, Loes; Verspaget, Maegan (2020). "Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit". International Journal of Advertising. 39 (2): 258–281. doi:10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898. ISSN 0265-0487. S2CID 198608820.
Chen, Li; Yan, Yajie; Smith, Andrew N. (July 2, 2022). "What drives digital engagement with sponsored videos? An investigation of video influencers' authenticity management strategies". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 51: 198–221. doi:10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2. ISSN 1552-7824. S2CID 250251697. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
Duffy, Brooke Erin (2020). "Social Media Influencers". The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219. ISBN 9781119429104. S2CID 225776342. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (September 1, 2018). "Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity". Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 39 (3): 550–555. doi:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014. ISSN 2452-3151. S2CID 158069963.
Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001). "Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 15 (3): 31–40. doi:10.1002/dir.1014. S2CID 168114871. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
Britt, Rebecca K.; Hayes, Jameson L.; Britt, Brian C.; Park, Haseon (May 3, 2020). "Too Big to Sell? A Computational Analysis of Network and Content Characteristics among Mega and Micro Beauty and Fashion Social Media Influencers". Journal of Interactive Advertising. 20 (2): 111–118. doi:10.1080/15252019.2020.1763873. ISSN 1525-2019. S2CID 219433187.
Khamis, Susie; Ang, Lawrence; Welling, Raymond (April 3, 2017). "Self-branding, 'micro-celebrity' and the rise of Social Media Influencers". Celebrity Studies. 8 (2): 191–208. doi:10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292. hdl:10453/98736. ISSN 1939-2397. S2CID 59289264.
Labrecque, Lauren I.; Markos, Ereni; Milne, George R. (February 2011). "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 25 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002. hdl:20.500.12010/9095. S2CID 167381412.
Gamson, Joshua (October 2011). "The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. 126 (4): 1061–1069. doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061. ISSN 0030-8129. S2CID 59355773.
Miltner, Kate M.; Highfield, Tim (July 2017). "Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF". Social Media + Society. 3 (3): 205630511772522. doi:10.1177/2056305117725223. hdl:20.500.11820/f0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 64608249.
Raun, Tobias (January 10, 2018). "Capitalizing intimacy". Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. 24 (1): 99–113. doi:10.1177/1354856517736983. ISSN 1354-8565. S2CID 148595992.
Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (2018). "Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity". Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 39 (3): 550–555. doi:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014. ISSN 2452-3151. S2CID 158069963.
Zsila, Ágnes; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018). "The association of celebrity worship with problematic Internet use, maladaptive daydreaming, and desire for fame". Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 7 (3): 654–664. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.76. ISSN 2062-5871. PMC 6426373. PMID 30221539.
Lueck, L. A. (2015). "Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian". Journal of Marketing Communications. 21 (2): 215–229. doi:10.1080/13527266.2012.726235. hdl:11299/167651. S2CID 167709180.

dx.doi.org

Gamson, Joshua (October 2011). "The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. 126 (4): 1061–1069. doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061. ISSN 0030-8129. S2CID 59355773.

ecns.cn

"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China". ecns.cn. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

econsultancy.com

Gillil, Nikki (February 19, 2019). "What impact has Fyre Festival had on influencer marketing?". Econsultancy. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.

forbes.com

Robehmed, Natalie. "Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2018: Markiplier, Jake Paul, PewDiePie And More". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.

glossy.co

"Morphe's Jeffree Star split shows high risk of reliance on influencers". Glossy. July 16, 2020. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.

googleblog.com

youtube-creators.googleblog.com

"Additional Changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) to Better Protect Creators". YouTube Creator Blog. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Khamis, Susie; Ang, Lawrence; Welling, Raymond (April 3, 2017). "Self-branding, 'micro-celebrity' and the rise of Social Media Influencers". Celebrity Studies. 8 (2): 191–208. doi:10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292. hdl:10453/98736. ISSN 1939-2397. S2CID 59289264.
Labrecque, Lauren I.; Markos, Ereni; Milne, George R. (February 2011). "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 25 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002. hdl:20.500.12010/9095. S2CID 167381412.
Miltner, Kate M.; Highfield, Tim (July 2017). "Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF". Social Media + Society. 3 (3): 205630511772522. doi:10.1177/2056305117725223. hdl:20.500.11820/f0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 64608249.
Lueck, L. A. (2015). "Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian". Journal of Marketing Communications. 21 (2): 215–229. doi:10.1080/13527266.2012.726235. hdl:11299/167651. S2CID 167709180.

hololivepro.com

hololive.hololivepro.com

"[Music] Release of Virtual Idol Tokino Sora's New Cover Album "Re:Play"!". Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

keller-advisory.com

Keller Advisory Group (November 2023). "CREATORS UNCOVERED: INSIGHTS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY OF US CREATORS". keller-advisory.com.

latimes.com

Kaufman, Amy (August 23, 2019). "Staff Writer". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.

livedoor.com

news.livedoor.com

"『ニコニコ動画』で定番ジャンルとなった"踊ってみた"動画！何故踊る？その心理を聞いてみた". Gadget News (in Japanese). January 23, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2023.

mckinsey.com

"Understanding social media in China". McKinsey & Company. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zsila, Ágnes; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018). "The association of celebrity worship with problematic Internet use, maladaptive daydreaming, and desire for fame". Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 7 (3): 654–664. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.76. ISSN 2062-5871. PMC 6426373. PMID 30221539.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zsila, Ágnes; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018). "The association of celebrity worship with problematic Internet use, maladaptive daydreaming, and desire for fame". Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 7 (3): 654–664. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.76. ISSN 2062-5871. PMC 6426373. PMID 30221539.

northeastern.edu

"How Do China's Internet Celebrity Differ From America's?". Ruggles Media. January 27, 2018. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

nymag.com

Kircher, Madison Malone (June 26, 2018). "Tanacon Was a Fyre Festival for the YouTube Set". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.

nytimes.com

Bilton, Nick (November 12, 2014). "Alex From Target: The Other Side of Fame (Published 2014)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.

oricon.co.jp

""可愛いにもほどがある!"英ネットアイドルのベッキー・クルーエルが初のテレビ出演!" ["She has so much cuteness!" British net idol Beckii Cruel makes her first television appearance!]. Oricon (in Japanese). January 5, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2023.

peterlang.com

Senft, Theresa M. (July 2, 2008). Camgirls. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-5694-2. Archived from the original on June 27, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.

restofworld.org

Kelts, Roland (July 26, 2021). "Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars". rest of world. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

scu.edu

scholarcommons.scu.edu

Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). "The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer". Pop Culture Intersections. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). "The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer". Pop Culture Intersections. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Schouten, Alexander P.; Janssen, Loes; Verspaget, Maegan (2020). "Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit". International Journal of Advertising. 39 (2): 258–281. doi:10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898. ISSN 0265-0487. S2CID 198608820.
Chen, Li; Yan, Yajie; Smith, Andrew N. (July 2, 2022). "What drives digital engagement with sponsored videos? An investigation of video influencers' authenticity management strategies". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 51: 198–221. doi:10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2. ISSN 1552-7824. S2CID 250251697. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
Duffy, Brooke Erin (2020). "Social Media Influencers". The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219. ISBN 9781119429104. S2CID 225776342. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (September 1, 2018). "Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity". Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 39 (3): 550–555. doi:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014. ISSN 2452-3151. S2CID 158069963.
Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001). "Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 15 (3): 31–40. doi:10.1002/dir.1014. S2CID 168114871. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
Britt, Rebecca K.; Hayes, Jameson L.; Britt, Brian C.; Park, Haseon (May 3, 2020). "Too Big to Sell? A Computational Analysis of Network and Content Characteristics among Mega and Micro Beauty and Fashion Social Media Influencers". Journal of Interactive Advertising. 20 (2): 111–118. doi:10.1080/15252019.2020.1763873. ISSN 1525-2019. S2CID 219433187.
Khamis, Susie; Ang, Lawrence; Welling, Raymond (April 3, 2017). "Self-branding, 'micro-celebrity' and the rise of Social Media Influencers". Celebrity Studies. 8 (2): 191–208. doi:10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292. hdl:10453/98736. ISSN 1939-2397. S2CID 59289264.
Labrecque, Lauren I.; Markos, Ereni; Milne, George R. (February 2011). "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 25 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002. hdl:20.500.12010/9095. S2CID 167381412.
Gamson, Joshua (October 2011). "The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. 126 (4): 1061–1069. doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061. ISSN 0030-8129. S2CID 59355773.
Miltner, Kate M.; Highfield, Tim (July 2017). "Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF". Social Media + Society. 3 (3): 205630511772522. doi:10.1177/2056305117725223. hdl:20.500.11820/f0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 64608249.
Raun, Tobias (January 10, 2018). "Capitalizing intimacy". Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. 24 (1): 99–113. doi:10.1177/1354856517736983. ISSN 1354-8565. S2CID 148595992.
Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (2018). "Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity". Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 39 (3): 550–555. doi:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014. ISSN 2452-3151. S2CID 158069963.
Lueck, L. A. (2015). "Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian". Journal of Marketing Communications. 21 (2): 215–229. doi:10.1080/13527266.2012.726235. hdl:11299/167651. S2CID 167709180.

shueisha.co.jp

wpb.shueisha.co.jp

"「ニコニコ動画」からアイドルデビューした愛川こずえ「ニコニコがなかったらたぶんニートになってた（笑）」" [Kozue Aikawa, an idol who debuted from Nico Nico Douga: "If it weren't for Niconico, I might've become a NEET (laughs)"]. Weekly Playboy (in Japanese). Shueisha. November 25, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2023.

signalfire.com

"What is the creator economy? Influencer tools and trends". SignalFire. November 29, 2020. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.

socialmediatoday.com

"[Timeline] A Brief History of Influencers". Social Media Today. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.

statista.com

"Most used social media 2021". Statista. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
"Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2019, ranked by number of active users (in millions)". The Verge. June 20, 2018. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.

support.google.com

"YouTube partner earnings overview - YouTube Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

thebalancesmb.com

Lake, Laura (December 26, 2020). "Understanding the Differences Between B2B and B2C Marketing". the balance small business. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.

theguardian.com

Cochrane, Lauren (November 29, 2016). "Chiara Ferragni – how a 'crazy blogger' turned her life into a shop window". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2019.

thenationalnews.com

"MAC Cosmetics releases statement denouncing Kuwaiti influencer Sondos al Qattan". July 26, 2018. Archived from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved March 12, 2022.

thesciencesurvey.com

Li, Donna. "The Rise of VTubers: An Overview of the Surging Popularity of "Virtual YouTubers"". The Science Survey. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

variety.com

"YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U.S. Teens". Variety. August 5, 2014. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2019.

vdocuments.mx

Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001). "Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 15 (3): 31–40. doi:10.1002/dir.1014. S2CID 168114871. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.

venturebeat.com

"The end of Hollywood and the rise of social media celebrities". VentureBeat. March 13, 2015. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2019.

vidcon.com

"About". VidCon US. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.

videonitch.com

"36 Mind Blowing YouTube Facts, Figures and Statistics – 2017 (re-post)". Videonitch. December 13, 2017. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2019.

virtualhumans.org

Rasmussen, Makena. "Who Were the First VTubers and Virtual Streamers". Virtual Humans. Archived from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.

web.archive.org

"Most used social media 2021". Statista. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
Martinue, Paris (December 6, 2019). "The WIRED Guide to Influencers". Wired. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
"Then and now: a history of social networking sites". CBS News. July 6, 2011. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
"Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2019, ranked by number of active users (in millions)". The Verge. June 20, 2018. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
"A Comprehensive Guide to Instagram Influencer Marketing | Social Media Marketing". Content Marketing Consulting and Social Media Strategy. January 17, 2018. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
Chen, Li; Yan, Yajie; Smith, Andrew N. (July 2, 2022). "What drives digital engagement with sponsored videos? An investigation of video influencers' authenticity management strategies". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 51: 198–221. doi:10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2. ISSN 1552-7824. S2CID 250251697. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
"[Timeline] A Brief History of Influencers". Social Media Today. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). "The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer". Pop Culture Intersections. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). "The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer". Pop Culture Intersections. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
Fine, Jon (July 10, 2006). "Polluting The Blogosphere". Archived from the original on August 6, 2006.
Schomer, Audrey. "Influencer Marketing: State of the social media influencer market in 2020". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
Duffy, Brooke Erin (2020). "Social Media Influencers". The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219. ISBN 9781119429104. S2CID 225776342. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001). "Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information". Journal of Interactive Marketing. 15 (3): 31–40. doi:10.1002/dir.1014. S2CID 168114871. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
Lake, Laura (December 26, 2020). "Understanding the Differences Between B2B and B2C Marketing". the balance small business. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
Rich, Gerald (June 16, 2010). "Zach Anner flattens 'Next Oprah' competition". The Daily Texan. The University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
Bilton, Nick (November 12, 2014). "Alex From Target: The Other Side of Fame (Published 2014)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
"Social Media Influencers: Mega, Macro, Micro or Nano". CMSWire.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
"36 Mind Blowing YouTube Facts, Figures and Statistics – 2017 (re-post)". Videonitch. December 13, 2017. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
"YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U.S. Teens". Variety. August 5, 2014. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
"The end of Hollywood and the rise of social media celebrities". VentureBeat. March 13, 2015. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
"Additional Changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) to Better Protect Creators". YouTube Creator Blog. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
"Instagram micro-celebrities". Marketing Weekly News: 149. May 5, 2018. ISSN 1944-2424. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
Senft, Theresa M. (July 2, 2008). Camgirls. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-5694-2. Archived from the original on June 27, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
Senft, Theresa (Terri). Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
"The new fame: Internet celebrity" Archived 2020-09-15 at the Wayback Machine at CNN
"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China". ecns.cn. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
"China's Internet celebrity economy bigger than cinema|Society|chinadaily.com.cn". europe.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China". China Daily. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Tsoi, Grace (August 1, 2016). "The making of a Chinese internet star". BBC News. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
"100 Chinese selected as "good young netizens" - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
"Understanding social media in China". McKinsey & Company. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
"YouTube partner earnings overview - YouTube Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
"How Do China's Internet Celebrity Differ From America's?". Ruggles Media. January 27, 2018. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Kogawa, Tomo (1999). "「デジタル特捜隊ネットの有名人たちspecial ネットアイドルBEST10 1999年夏篇」". Kodansha (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 11, 2000. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
Rasmussen, Makena. "Who Were the First VTubers and Virtual Streamers". Virtual Humans. Archived from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
Kelts, Roland (July 26, 2021). "Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars". rest of world. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
Li, Donna. "The Rise of VTubers: An Overview of the Surging Popularity of "Virtual YouTubers"". The Science Survey. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
Amos, Andrew (November 2, 2022). "VTubers redefine the music industry as virtual concerts and idols rise up". dexerto. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
"[Music] Release of Virtual Idol Tokino Sora's New Cover Album "Re:Play"!". Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
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