Internet in Egypt (English Wikipedia)

"Internet in Egypt offline". bgpmon.net. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
"Internet in Egypt offline - BGPmon". bgpmon.net. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.

cambridge.org

Lutscher, Philipp M. (2023). "When Censorship Works: Exploring the Resilience of News Websites to Online Censorship". British Journal of Political Science: 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0007123422000722. hdl:10852/102610. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 256293127.

dailytech.com

Hatamoto, Michael (1 February 2011). "Egypt Internet Ban Lingers, Users Adjusting". Daily Tech. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

datareportal.com

"DIGITAL 2022: EGYPT". datareportal.com.

democracynow.org

Goodman, Amy (1 February 2011). "Digital Darkness: U.S., U.K. Companies Help Egyptian Regime Shut Down Telecommunications and Identify Dissident Voices". Democracy Now!. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.

doi.org

Lutscher, Philipp M. (2023). "When Censorship Works: Exploring the Resilience of News Websites to Online Censorship". British Journal of Political Science: 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0007123422000722. hdl:10852/102610. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 256293127.
Lim, Merlyna (23 February 2012). "Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011". Journal of Communication. 62 (2): 231–248. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01628.x. ISSN 0021-9916.
Tufekci, Zeynep; Wilson, Christopher (6 March 2012). "Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square". Journal of Communication. 62 (2): 363–379. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x. ISSN 0021-9916. S2CID 11666849.

egynet.com.eg

"EgyNet-About us". www.egynet.com.eg. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2009.

engadget.com

Moon, Mariella (12 June 2017). "Egypt bans dozens of independent news websites". Engadget. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.

facebook.com

"ثورة الانترنت - Internet Revolution Egypt" in 2022, Egypt made a hashtag that basically said that they wanted unlimited internet in Egypt. This did not work and Egypt still has limited internet. Archived 2014-11-17 at the Wayback Machine (in Arabic), Facebook. Retrieved 14 March 2014.

familyinternet.net

"Family Internet" Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine, TE Data, accessed 12 June 2011

freedomhouse.org

"Country Report: Egypt" Archived 2011-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom on the Net 2011, Freedom House, 15 April 2011
Freedom on the Net 2017, Egypt (PDF) (Report). Freedom House. November 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
"Egypt: Freedom on the Net 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Egypt". Freedom in the World: Egypt. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.

globalvoices.org

advox.globalvoices.org

Khattab, Asser (14 February 2018). "In Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, Network Shutdowns Leave Civilians Unreachable — And Unable to Call for Help". Smex blog. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

googleblog.blogspot.com

Singh, Ujjwal. "Some weekend work that will (hopefully) allow more Egyptians to be heard". Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Lutscher, Philipp M. (2023). "When Censorship Works: Exploring the Resilience of News Websites to Online Censorship". British Journal of Political Science: 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0007123422000722. hdl:10852/102610. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 256293127.

hrw.org

"Egypt: Blogger's 3-Year Sentence a Blow to Free Speech", Human Rights Watch, 11 April 2011

huffingtonpost.com

Kanalley, Craig (27 January 2011). "Egypt's Internet Shut Down, According To Reports". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011.

ifex.org

"Egypt: Prosecution of TikTok content creators a violation of online free expression". IFEX. 31 May 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.

itu.int

"Estimated Internet Users 2000 to 2009" Archived 2011-05-31 at the Wayback Machine, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), spreadsheet, accessed 12 June 2011

jstor.org

Tkacheva, Olesya; Schwartz, Lowell H.; Libicki, Martin C.; Taylor, Julie E.; Martini, Jeffrey; Baxter, Caroline (2013). "Cyberactivists, Social Media, and the Anti-Mubarak Protests in Egypt". Internet Freedom and Political Space: 43–72. ISBN 9780833080639. JSTOR 10.7249/j.ctt4cgd90.10.

link.net

"Orange Egypt- Shop for Mobile Phones, Lines, Internet Plans, Apps, Music". www.link.net. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008.

madamasr.com

"Signal bypasses Egyptian authorities' interference with update to application". مدى مصر. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
"Infinite eyes in the network: Government escalates attack on secure communication". مدى مصر. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.

maps.google.com

"Google Maps". maps.google.com. Retrieved 22 April 2022.

mcit.gov.eg

"Minister Kamel Witnesses License Award for a New Cables Network and Infrastructure". MCIT.gov. Government of Egypt. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
"Internet Subscribers Offered a One Month Free Compensatory Subscription". mcit.gov. Government of Egypt. 1 February 2008. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2010.

menassat.com

"Rumors of a Facebook block persist in Egypt" Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, APN, Menassat, Arab Images Foundation, 29 August 2008

middleeasteye.net

"Egypt arrests socialist activist on terror charges". Middle East Eye. 20 May 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

nile-online.com

"Home - Nile OnLine". www.Nile-online.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2009.

noor.net

"About us – NOOR – Empowering the realities of life". Noor Advanced Technologies. January 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.

ntra.gov.eg

"NTRA Web Site". ntra.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011.

nytimes.com

"In Egypt, a Thirst for Technology and Progress" Archived 2016-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, Noam Cohen, New York Times, 21 July 2008

opennet.net

"Egypt". OpenNet Initiative. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license.
ONI Country Profile: Egypt Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine, OpenNet Initiative, 6 August 2009

pch.net

prefix.pch.net

"Detail view of Cairo Regional Internet Exchange". Packet Clearing House. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.

pcmag.com

Albanesius, Chloe (31 January 2011). "Egypt Turns to Sole Provider, Dial-Up for Internet Access". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.

popularresistance.org

Elhadidi, Sayed (24 August 2016). "Egyptian Authorities Ban Social Media Satire Pages". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

renesys.com

Cowie, James. "Egypt Leaves the Internet". Renesys. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
"Egypt's Net on Life Support". Renesys. 31 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011.
Cowie, James (2 February 2011). "Egypt Returns to the Internet". Renesys. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.

reuters.com

Aboulenein, Ahmed (6 October 2017). "Rainbow raids: Egypt launches its widest anti-gay crackdown yet". Reuters. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

ripe.net

stat.ripe.net

"RIPEstat". RIPE Network Coordination Centre. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011.

rsf.org

en.rsf.org

"Countries under surveillance: Egypt" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Without Borders, March 2011
"Egypt Profile" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Without Borders", March 2012

seacom.mu

"Telecom Egypt announces TE North and engagement with SEACOM Submarine Cable System and VSNL". www.seacom.mu. 16 November 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009.

seamewe4.com

"South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4". seamewe4.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lutscher, Philipp M. (2023). "When Censorship Works: Exploring the Resilience of News Websites to Online Censorship". British Journal of Political Science: 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0007123422000722. hdl:10852/102610. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 256293127.
Tufekci, Zeynep; Wilson, Christopher (6 March 2012). "Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square". Journal of Communication. 62 (2): 363–379. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x. ISSN 0021-9916. S2CID 11666849.

smw3.com

"Intro SMW3 Network". www.smw3.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010.

techcrunch.com

Schonfeld, Erick (25 January 2011). "Twitter Is Blocked in Egypt Amidst Rising Protests - TechCrunch". techcrunch.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017.

tedata.net

TE Data 2011 - The Fastest Internet Network in Egypt (ISP) Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine

telegraph.co.uk

Williams, Christopher (28 January 2011). "How Egypt shut down the internet". London: Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018.

theguardian.com

Jankowicz, Mia (3 April 2017). "Jailed for using Grindr: homosexuality in Egypt". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 October 2018.

torproject.org

ooni.torproject.org

"OONI - Egypt: Media censorship, Tor interference, HTTPS throttling and ads injections?". ooni.torproject.org. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.

tra.gov.eg

"Licenses Chart" (PDF). www.tra.gov.eg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.

web.archive.org

"Country Report: Egypt" Archived 2011-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom on the Net 2011, Freedom House, 15 April 2011
"Estimated Internet Users 2000 to 2009" Archived 2011-05-31 at the Wayback Machine, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), spreadsheet, accessed 12 June 2011
"Egypt". OpenNet Initiative. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license.
"EgyNet-About us". www.egynet.com.eg. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
"Orange Egypt- Shop for Mobile Phones, Lines, Internet Plans, Apps, Music". www.link.net. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008.
TE Data 2011 - The Fastest Internet Network in Egypt (ISP) Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
"Home - Nile OnLine". www.Nile-online.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
"Etisalat Misr buys into NOL and Egynet". arabianbusiness.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012.
"Licenses Chart" (PDF). www.tra.gov.eg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
"Intro SMW3 Network". www.smw3.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010.
"South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4". seamewe4.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010.
"Telecom Egypt announces TE North and engagement with SEACOM Submarine Cable System and VSNL". www.seacom.mu. 16 November 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009.
"Minister Kamel Witnesses License Award for a New Cables Network and Infrastructure". MCIT.gov. Government of Egypt. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
Singel, Ryan (10 February 2011). "Report: Egypt Turned Off the Net With a Big Switch, Not Phone Calls". Wired. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011.
"Detail view of Cairo Regional Internet Exchange". Packet Clearing House. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
مجاهد, محمد (29 November 2008). ""المصرية" تعلن إنهاء مشكلة السنترالات المغلقة أمام مشتركى الإنترنت.. والشركات تؤكد استمرار "قوائم الانتظار"". Almasry Alyoum. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011.
"NTRA Web Site". ntra.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011.
"Internet Subscribers Offered a One Month Free Compensatory Subscription". mcit.gov. Government of Egypt. 1 February 2008. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
"Family Internet" Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine, TE Data, accessed 12 June 2011
ONI Country Profile: Egypt Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine, OpenNet Initiative, 6 August 2009
"Countries under surveillance: Egypt" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Without Borders, March 2011
"Egypt Profile" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Without Borders", March 2012
"Egypt: Increasing Curb over Internet Usage Harassments against Net Cafés Should Immediately End" Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, 23 February 2005
"Egypt demanding data from cyber cafés users: NGO" Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Cairo, 9 August 2008
"Weekly Update #192" Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, 28 December 2007
"In Egypt, a Thirst for Technology and Progress" Archived 2016-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, Noam Cohen, New York Times, 21 July 2008
"Rumors of a Facebook block persist in Egypt" Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, APN, Menassat, Arab Images Foundation, 29 August 2008
"Egypt blogger Maikel Nabil jailed by military court" Archived 2011-05-10 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 11 April 2011
"Egypt". Freedom in the World: Egypt. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
Goodman, Amy (1 February 2011). "Digital Darkness: U.S., U.K. Companies Help Egyptian Regime Shut Down Telecommunications and Identify Dissident Voices". Democracy Now!. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Schonfeld, Erick (25 January 2011). "Twitter Is Blocked in Egypt Amidst Rising Protests - TechCrunch". techcrunch.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017.
Wall Street Journal, Egypt Communications Cut Ahead Of Further Protests Archived January 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
Kanalley, Craig (27 January 2011). "Egypt's Internet Shut Down, According To Reports". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011.
"Egypt severs internet connection amid growing unrest". BBC News. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012.
"About us – NOOR – Empowering the realities of life". Noor Advanced Technologies. January 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
Cowie, James. "Egypt Leaves the Internet". Renesys. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
Williams, Christopher (28 January 2011). "How Egypt shut down the internet". London: Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018.
"Internet in Egypt offline". bgpmon.net. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
Albanesius, Chloe (31 January 2011). "Egypt Turns to Sole Provider, Dial-Up for Internet Access". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
"Egypt's Net on Life Support". Renesys. 31 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011.
"Internet in Egypt offline - BGPmon". bgpmon.net. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
"RIPEstat". RIPE Network Coordination Centre. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011.
Singh, Ujjwal. "Some weekend work that will (hopefully) allow more Egyptians to be heard". Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
Hatamoto, Michael (1 February 2011). "Egypt Internet Ban Lingers, Users Adjusting". Daily Tech. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
"Egypt internet comes back online". BBC News. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012.
Labovitz, Craig (2 February 2011). "Egypt Returns to the Internet". Arbor Networks. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011.
Cowie, James (2 February 2011). "Egypt Returns to the Internet". Renesys. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
"Signal bypasses Egyptian authorities' interference with update to application". مدى مصر. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
"Infinite eyes in the network: Government escalates attack on secure communication". مدى مصر. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
"OONI - Egypt: Media censorship, Tor interference, HTTPS throttling and ads injections?". ooni.torproject.org. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
"Egypt bans Medium as media crackdown widens". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
Moon, Mariella (12 June 2017). "Egypt bans dozens of independent news websites". Engadget. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
"ثورة الانترنت - Internet Revolution Egypt" in 2022, Egypt made a hashtag that basically said that they wanted unlimited internet in Egypt. This did not work and Egypt still has limited internet. Archived 2014-11-17 at the Wayback Machine (in Arabic), Facebook. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
" 'Down with slow internet': A new Egyptian revolution?" Archived 2014-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, Shounaz Meky, Al Arabiya News, 18 February 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

"Egypt: World leaders must act to stop President al-Sisi's repressive crackdown". Amnesty International. 24 September 2019. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.

wired.com

Singel, Ryan (10 February 2011). "Report: Egypt Turned Off the Net With a Big Switch, Not Phone Calls". Wired. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Lutscher, Philipp M. (2023). "When Censorship Works: Exploring the Resilience of News Websites to Online Censorship". British Journal of Political Science: 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0007123422000722. hdl:10852/102610. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 256293127.
Lim, Merlyna (23 February 2012). "Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011". Journal of Communication. 62 (2): 231–248. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01628.x. ISSN 0021-9916.
Tufekci, Zeynep; Wilson, Christopher (6 March 2012). "Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square". Journal of Communication. 62 (2): 363–379. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x. ISSN 0021-9916. S2CID 11666849.

wsj.com

online.wsj.com

Wall Street Journal, Egypt Communications Cut Ahead Of Further Protests Archived January 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine