Internment (English Wikipedia)

Ramirez, Fernando (14 June 2018). "Movement to call migrant detention centers 'concentration camps' swells online". Chron. The practice of separating migrant families began in April when Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a new "zero-tolerance" policy prosecuting 100 percent of illegal border crossings.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

edition.cnn.com

Italy’s hard-right government set to send sea migrants to Albania in bid to curb arrivals. CNN

defense.gov (Global: 1,436^th place; English: 900^th place)

archive.defense.gov

"Defense.gov News Article: Abuse Resulted From Leadership Failure, Taguba Tells Senators". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Huff, Connor (2023). "Counterinsurgency Tactics, Rebel Grievances, and Who Keeps Fighting". American Political Science Review. 118: 475–480. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000059. ISSN 0003-0554.
Arthur Grosjean (10 March 2014). "Internement, emprisonnement et guerre d'indépendance algérienne en métropole : l'exemple du camp de Thol (1958-1965)". Criminocorpus. Revue d'Histoire de la justice, des crimes et des peines (in French). doi:10.4000/criminocorpus.2676. S2CID 162123460. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

eclj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Silent Suffering of the Amhara People in Ethiopia, European Centre for Law and Justice, April 2024, Wikidata Q125791341{{citation}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

esquire.com (Global: 893^rd place; English: 582^nd place)

Holmes, Jack (13 June 2019). "An Expert on Concentration Camps Says That's Exactly What the U.S. Is Running at the Border". Esquire. Retrieved 3 July 2019.

euronews.com (Global: 587^th place; English: 729^th place)

Stefanello, Viola (15 January 2019). "Is there a 'gay purge' in Chechnya? Rights group fears the worst". euronews. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

europarl.europa.eu

"Question to the EU Commission by Matt Carthy" (PDF).

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

EXCLUSIVE: Italian doctor laments Libya's 'concentration camps' for migrants, 15 November 2017, archived from the original on 30 October 2021, retrieved 18 December 2019
"Saudi crown prince defends China's right to put Uighur Muslims in concentration camps". The Daily Telegraph. 22 February 2019. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

globalpolicy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Open Letter to Members of the Security Counsel Concerning Detentions in Iraq" (PDF).

icrc.org (Global: 3,184^th place; English: 3,106^th place)

casebook.icrc.org

"Neutral state | How does law protect in war? - Online casebook". casebook.icrc.org. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

icrc.org

"THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT: Neutrality" (PDF). ICRC. ICRC. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"Life inside a North Korea labour camp: 'We were forced to throw rocks at a man being hanged'". The Independent. 28 September 2017.

infomigrants.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Europe's apathy toward humanitarian rescue outrages NGOs". InfoMigrants. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

interfax.com.ua (Global: 2,024^th place; English: 1,942^nd place)

en.interfax.com.ua

"Ukraine calls on UNSC, UN Secretary General to ensure evacuation of wounded from Azovstal".

jewishvirtuallibrary.org (Global: 1,021^st place; English: 962^nd place)

"Concentration Camp Listing". Belgium: Editions Kritak. Sourced from Van Eck, Ludo Le livre des Camps and Gilbert, Martin (1993). Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-12364-3.. In this online site are the names of 149 camps and 814 subcamps, organized by country.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Lowry, David (1976). "Human Rights Vol. 5, No. 3 "INTERNMENT: DENTENTION WITHOUT TRIAL IN NORTHERN IRELAND"". Human Rights. 5 (3). American Bar Association: ABA Publishing: 261–331. JSTOR 27879033. The essence of internment lies in incarceration without charge or trial.

legalclarity.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Neutral Rights and Obligations in International Law". LegalClarity. 17 December 2025. Retrieved 7 March 2026.

mediapart.fr (Global: 1,393^rd place; English: 7,734^th place)

Mediapart, La Rédaction De (2 December 2019). "France cancels speedboats delivery to Libyan coastguard". Mediapart. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

militaryarchives.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)

Civil War Internment Collection (Report). Defense Forces of Ireland. 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.

morningstaronline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,176^th place)

"Museum of British Colonialism releases online 3D models of British concentration camps in Kenya". Morning Star. 27 August 2019.

msn.com (Global: 188^th place; English: 215^th place)

"Thousands of Mariupol survivors being detained and 'tortured' in Russian-controlled prisons". MSN. The i Paper.

news.com.au (Global: 456^th place; English: 254^th place)

"The persecution of gay men in Chechnya has chilling similarities to the Third Reich". NewsComAu. 19 April 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

"As the U.S. Targets China's 'Concentration Camps', Xinjiang's Human Rights Crisis is Only Getting Worse". Newsweek. 22 May 2019.
Hignett, Katherine (24 June 2019). "Academics rally behind Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez over concentration camp comments: 'She is completely historically accurate'". Newsweek. Retrieved 23 August 2019.

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

Anderson, Jon Lee (26 July 2013). "Breaking Out of Abu Ghraib". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

nkdb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today" (PDF). 19 October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

Schumacher-Matos, Edward; Grisham, Lori (10 February 2012). "Euphemisms, Concentration Camps And The Japanese Internment". npr.org.

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

Anne Applebaum (18 October 2001). "A History of Horror| Review of Le Siècle des camps by Joël Kotek and Pierre Rigoulot". The New York Review of Books.
Wehrey, Frederic (25 November 2019). "What the 'Danish Lawrence' Learned in Libya (5th paragraph from the last one)". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Ramzy, Austin; Buckley, Chris (16 November 2019). "'Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

journals.openedition.org

Arthur Grosjean (10 March 2014). "Internement, emprisonnement et guerre d'indépendance algérienne en métropole : l'exemple du camp de Thol (1958-1965)". Criminocorpus. Revue d'Histoire de la justice, des crimes et des peines (in French). doi:10.4000/criminocorpus.2676. S2CID 162123460. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

politico.eu (Global: 941^st place; English: 653^rd place)

Italy’s offshore detention centers in Albania open for business. Politico

pulitzer.org (Global: 2,308^th place; English: 1,419^th place)

"Gulag: A History, by Anne Applebaum (Doubleday)". The Pulitzer Prizes. 2004. Retrieved 13 November 2019.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

dictionary.reference.com

"the definition of internment". www.dictionary.com.

ritholtz.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How U.S. Torture Led to the Rise of ISIS". The Big Picture. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

salon.com (Global: 683^rd place; English: 407^th place)

Jonathan Hutson (25 September 2021). "Eyewitness accounts, video confirm reports of Tigrayan children held in concentration camp". Salon.com. Wikidata Q125771844.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Arthur Grosjean (10 March 2014). "Internement, emprisonnement et guerre d'indépendance algérienne en métropole : l'exemple du camp de Thol (1958-1965)". Criminocorpus. Revue d'Histoire de la justice, des crimes et des peines (in French). doi:10.4000/criminocorpus.2676. S2CID 162123460. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

"Concentration Camps Existed Long Before Auschwitz". Smithsonian. 2 November 2017.

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

"Report: Chechnya Opens 'Concentration Camp for Homosexuals'". Snopes.com. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

www-sul.stanford.edu

"Documents re camps in Boer War". sul.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Saudi crown prince defends China's right to put Uighur Muslims in concentration camps". The Daily Telegraph. 22 February 2019. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

terramail.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

historia.terramail.pl

Marek Przybyszewski. IBH Opracowania – Działdowo jako centrum administracyjne ziemi sasińskiej [Działdowo as the centre of local administration] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 22 October 2010 – via Internet Archive.

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 179^th place)

Lucy Kassa (7 November 2021). "'They just vanished': Tigrayans disappear for months in secret Ethiopian detention camps". The Globe and Mail. ISSN 0319-0714. Wikidata Q125771289.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

"Chilean coup: 40 years ago I watched Pinochet crush a democratic dream". The Guardian. 7 September 2013.
Leigh, David (25 April 2011). "Guantánamo Bay files: Torture gets results, US military insists". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
Clark, Helen; Lapsley, Michael; Alton, David (26 November 2021). "The warning signs are there for genocide in Ethiopia – the world must act to prevent it". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 9, United Nations

ushmm.org (Global: 1,410^th place; English: 1,266^th place)

encyclopedia.ushmm.org

"Nazi Camps". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

"The Mau Mau Rebellion". The Washington Post. 31 December 1989.
"Uighurs and their supporters decry Chinese 'concentration camps', 'genocide' after Xinjiang documents leaked". The Washington Post. 17 November 2019.
"China is creating concentration camps in Xinjiang. Here's how we hold it accountable". The Washington Post. 24 November 2018.
Beorn, Waitman Wade (20 June 2018). "Yes, you can call the border centers 'concentration camps,' but apply the history with care". The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 August 2019.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Second Hague Convention, 1907". Yale.edu. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
"Documents re camps in Boer War". sul.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007.
Marek Przybyszewski. IBH Opracowania – Działdowo jako centrum administracyjne ziemi sasińskiej [Działdowo as the centre of local administration] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 22 October 2010 – via Internet Archive.
"Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today" (PDF). 19 October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
Clark, Helen; Lapsley, Michael; Alton, David (26 November 2021). "The warning signs are there for genocide in Ethiopia – the world must act to prevent it". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Civil War Internment Collection (Report). Defense Forces of Ireland. 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
"Defense.gov News Article: Abuse Resulted From Leadership Failure, Taguba Tells Senators". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
Arthur Grosjean (10 March 2014). "Internement, emprisonnement et guerre d'indépendance algérienne en métropole : l'exemple du camp de Thol (1958-1965)". Criminocorpus. Revue d'Histoire de la justice, des crimes et des peines (in French). doi:10.4000/criminocorpus.2676. S2CID 162123460. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

Jonathan Hutson (25 September 2021). "Eyewitness accounts, video confirm reports of Tigrayan children held in concentration camp". Salon.com. Wikidata Q125771844.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
Lucy Kassa (7 November 2021). "'They just vanished': Tigrayans disappear for months in secret Ethiopian detention camps". The Globe and Mail. ISSN 0319-0714. Wikidata Q125771289.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
The Silent Suffering of the Amhara People in Ethiopia, European Centre for Law and Justice, April 2024, Wikidata Q125791341{{citation}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

wnycstudios.org (Global: low place; English: 9,180^th place)

"Largest American Internment Camp in Iraq Shuts Down | The Takeaway". WNYC Studios. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Ramzy, Austin; Buckley, Chris (16 November 2019). "'Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
Huff, Connor (2023). "Counterinsurgency Tactics, Rebel Grievances, and Who Keeps Fighting". American Political Science Review. 118: 475–480. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000059. ISSN 0003-0554.
Leigh, David (25 April 2011). "Guantánamo Bay files: Torture gets results, US military insists". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
Lucy Kassa (7 November 2021). "'They just vanished': Tigrayans disappear for months in secret Ethiopian detention camps". The Globe and Mail. ISSN 0319-0714. Wikidata Q125771289.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
"Excerpts From Red Cross Report". The Wall Street Journal. 7 May 2004. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
Anderson, Jon Lee (26 July 2013). "Breaking Out of Abu Ghraib". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

Kate O'Keeffe and Katy Stech Ferek (14 November 2019). "Stop Calling China's Xi Jinping 'President', U.S. Panel Says". The Wall Street Journal.
"Excerpts From Red Cross Report". The Wall Street Journal. 7 May 2004. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)

"The Second Hague Convention, 1907". Yale.edu. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2013.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

EXCLUSIVE: Italian doctor laments Libya's 'concentration camps' for migrants, 15 November 2017, archived from the original on 30 October 2021, retrieved 18 December 2019

Internment (English Wikipedia)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364th place; English: 2,759th place)

ama.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

cbc.ca (Global: 110th place; English: 65th place)

chron.com (Global: 782nd place; English: 402nd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

edition.cnn.com

defense.gov (Global: 1,436th place; English: 900th place)

archive.defense.gov

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eclj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

esquire.com (Global: 893rd place; English: 582nd place)

euronews.com (Global: 587th place; English: 729th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

europarl.europa.eu

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

globalpolicy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

icrc.org (Global: 3,184th place; English: 3,106th place)

casebook.icrc.org

icrc.org

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; English: 29th place)

infomigrants.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

interfax.com.ua (Global: 2,024th place; English: 1,942nd place)

en.interfax.com.ua

jewishvirtuallibrary.org (Global: 1,021st place; English: 962nd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

legalclarity.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mediapart.fr (Global: 1,393rd place; English: 7,734th place)

militaryarchives.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)

morningstaronline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,176th place)

msn.com (Global: 188th place; English: 215th place)

news.com.au (Global: 456th place; English: 254th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371st place; English: 235th place)

newyorker.com (Global: 191st place; English: 122nd place)

nkdb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

npr.org (Global: 114th place; English: 75th place)

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009th place; English: 1,223rd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

openedition.org (Global: 366th place; English: 883rd place)

journals.openedition.org

politico.eu (Global: 941st place; English: 653rd place)

pulitzer.org (Global: 2,308th place; English: 1,419th place)

reference.com (Global: 1,491st place; English: 1,468th place)

dictionary.reference.com

ritholtz.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

salon.com (Global: 683rd place; English: 407th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663rd place; English: 431st place)

snopes.com (Global: 1,669th place; English: 1,125th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194th place; English: 182nd place)

www-sul.stanford.edu

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40th place; English: 27th place)

terramail.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

historia.terramail.pl

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336th place; English: 179th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

un.org (Global: 117th place; English: 160th place)

ushmm.org (Global: 1,410th place; English: 1,266th place)

encyclopedia.ushmm.org

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; English: 24th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wikidata.org (Global: 10th place; English: 98th place)

wnycstudios.org (Global: low place; English: 9,180th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

wsj.com (Global: 94th place; English: 66th place)

yale.edu (Global: 559th place; English: 389th place)

youtube.com (Global: 13th place; English: 14th place)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; English: 2,759^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

chron.com (Global: 782^nd place; English: 402^nd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

defense.gov (Global: 1,436^th place; English: 900^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

esquire.com (Global: 893^rd place; English: 582^nd place)

euronews.com (Global: 587^th place; English: 729^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

icrc.org (Global: 3,184^th place; English: 3,106^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

interfax.com.ua (Global: 2,024^th place; English: 1,942^nd place)

jewishvirtuallibrary.org (Global: 1,021^st place; English: 962^nd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

mediapart.fr (Global: 1,393^rd place; English: 7,734^th place)

morningstaronline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,176^th place)

msn.com (Global: 188^th place; English: 215^th place)

news.com.au (Global: 456^th place; English: 254^th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

politico.eu (Global: 941^st place; English: 653^rd place)

pulitzer.org (Global: 2,308^th place; English: 1,419^th place)

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

salon.com (Global: 683^rd place; English: 407^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 179^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

ushmm.org (Global: 1,410^th place; English: 1,266^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

wnycstudios.org (Global: low place; English: 9,180^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)