Invertebrate (English Wikipedia)

May, Robert M. (16 September 1988). "How Many Species Are There on Earth?". Science. 241 (4872): 1441–9. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. JSTOR 1702670. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
Castellucci V, Pinsker H, Kupfermann I, Kandel ER (March 1970). "Neuronal mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia". Science. 167 (3926): 1745–1748. Bibcode:1970Sci...167.1745C. doi:10.1126/science.167.3926.1745. PMID 5416543.
Westneat, Mark W.; Betz, Oliver; Blob, Richard W.; Fezzaa, Kamel; Cooper, James W.; Lee, Wah-Keat (January 2003). "Tracheal Respiration in Insects Visualized with Synchrotron X-ray Imaging". Science. 299 (5606): 558–560. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..558W. doi:10.1126/science.1078008. PMID 12543973. S2CID 43634044.^{[permanent dead link]}
Riley, J.; Greggers, U.; Smith, A.; Reynolds, D.; Menzel, R. (2005). "The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance". Nature. 435 (7039): 205–7. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..205R. doi:10.1038/nature03526. PMID 15889092. S2CID 4413962.
Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W.; Obst, Matthias; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sørensen, Martin V.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Okusu, Akiko; Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg (April 2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 18322464.
Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Riutort, Marta; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Baguñà, Jaume (March 1999). "Acoel Flatworms: Earliest Extant Bilaterian Metazoans, Not Members of Platyhelminthes". Science. 283 (5409): 1919–23. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1919R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1919. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10082465. S2CID 6079655.^{[permanent dead link]}
Eernisse, Douglas J.; Kim, Chang Bae; Moon, Seung Yeo; Gelder, Stuart R.; Kim, Won (September 1996). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Annelids, Molluscs, and Arthropods Evidenced from Molecules and Morphology". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 43 (3): 207–215. Bibcode:1996JMolE..43..207K. doi:10.1007/PL00006079. PMID 8703086.^{[dead link]}
Maloof, Adam C.; Rose, Catherine V.; Beach, Robert; Samuels, Bradley M.; Calmet, Claire C.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Poirier, Gerald R.; Yao, Nan; Simons, Frederik J. (17 August 2010). "Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia". Nature Geoscience. 3 (9): 653. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..653M. doi:10.1038/ngeo934.
Seilacher, A.; Bose, P.K.; Pflüger, F. (October 1998). "Animals More Than 1 Billion Years Ago: Trace Fossil Evidence from India". Science. 282 (5386): 80–83. Bibcode:1998Sci...282...80S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.80. PMID 9756480.
N.H. Putnam, N.H.; Srivastava, M.; Hellsten, U.; et al. (July 2007). "Sea anemone genome reveals ancestral eumetazoan gene repertoire and genomic organization". Science. 31 (5834): 86–94. Bibcode:2007Sci...317...86P. doi:10.1126/science.1139158. OSTI 910591. PMID 17615350. S2CID 9868191. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2019.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Skeat, Walter William (1882). An etymological dictionary of the English language. Clarendon Press. p. 301.
Brusca, Richard C.; Brusca, Gary J. (1990). Invertebrates. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-098-2.
Brown, Lesley (1993). The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles. Oxford [Eng.]: Clarendon. ISBN 978-0-19-861271-1.
Schwartz, Jill (2010). Master the GED 2011 (w/CD). Peterson's. p. 371. ISBN 978-0-7689-2885-3.
Hamilton, Matthew B. (2009). Population genetics. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-4051-3277-0.
Langstroth, Lovell; Libby Langstroth; Todd Newberry; Monterey Bay Aquarium (2000). A living bay: the underwater world of Monterey Bay. University of California Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-520-22149-9.
Prewitt, Nancy L.; Larry S. Underwood; William Surver (2003). BioInquiry: making connections in biology. John Wiley. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-471-20228-8.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Agassiz, Louis (21 March 2013). Essay on Classification. Courier Corporation. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-0-486-15135-9.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Michaluk, Sonja. "macroinvertebrate". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Nov. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/animal/macroinvertebrate. Accessed 4 December 2025.

ciesin.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

May, Robert M. (16 September 1988). "How Many Species Are There on Earth?". Science. 241 (4872): 1441–9. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. JSTOR 1702670. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

The World Conservation Union. 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2014.3. Summary Statistics for Globally Threatened Species. Table 1: Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2014) Archived 24 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

May, Robert M. (16 September 1988). "How Many Species Are There on Earth?". Science. 241 (4872): 1441–9. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. JSTOR 1702670. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
Canning, Elizabeth U.; Okamura, Beth (1 January 2003). "Biodiversity and Evolution of the Myxozoa". Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 56. Academic Press. pp. 43–131. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(03)56002-X. ISBN 978-0-12-031756-1. PMID 14710996.
Louise R. Page (2006). "Modern insights on gastropod development: Reevaluation of the evolution of a novel body plan". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 46 (2): 134–143. doi:10.1093/icb/icj018. PMID 21672730.
Nicholls JG, Baylor DA (September 1968). "Specific modalities and receptive fields of sensory neurons in CNS of the leech". Journal of Neurophysiology. 31 (5): 740–756. doi:10.1152/jn.1968.31.5.740. PMID 5711143.
Pastor J, Soria B, Belmonte C (June 1996). "Properties of the nociceptive neurons of the leech segmental ganglion". Journal of Neurophysiology. 75 (6): 2268–2279. doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.6.2268. PMID 8793740.
Byrne JH, Castellucci VF, Kandel ER (March 1978). "Contribution of individual mechanoreceptor sensory neurons to defensive gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia". Journal of Neurophysiology. 41 (2): 418–431. doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.2.418. PMID 650275.
Castellucci V, Pinsker H, Kupfermann I, Kandel ER (March 1970). "Neuronal mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia". Science. 167 (3926): 1745–1748. Bibcode:1970Sci...167.1745C. doi:10.1126/science.167.3926.1745. PMID 5416543.
Fischer TM, Jacobson DA, Counsell AN, Pelot MA, Demorest K (March 2011). "Regulation of low-threshold afferent activity may contribute to short-term habituation in Aplysia californica". Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 95 (3): 248–259. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.11.016. PMID 21144906.
Illich PA, Walters ET (January 1997). "Mechanosensory neurons innervating Aplysia siphon encode noxious stimuli and display nociceptive sensitization". Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (1): 459–469. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00459.1997. PMC 6793714. PMID 8987770.Mechanosensory neurons innervating Aplysia siphon encode noxious stimuli and display nociceptive sensitization. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17: 459–469
Smith ES, Lewin GR (December 2009). "Nociceptors: a phylogenetic view". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 195 (12): 1089–1106. doi:10.1007/s00359-009-0482-z. PMC 2780683. PMID 19830434.
Westneat, Mark W.; Betz, Oliver; Blob, Richard W.; Fezzaa, Kamel; Cooper, James W.; Lee, Wah-Keat (January 2003). "Tracheal Respiration in Insects Visualized with Synchrotron X-ray Imaging". Science. 299 (5606): 558–560. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..558W. doi:10.1126/science.1078008. PMID 12543973. S2CID 43634044.^{[permanent dead link]}
Ewer, John (11 October 2005). "How the Ecdysozoan Changed Its Coat". PLOS Biology. 3 (10): e349. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030349. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 1250302. PMID 16207077.
Yack, JE; Fullard, JH (1993). "What is an insect ear?". Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 86 (6): 677–682. doi:10.1093/aesa/86.6.677.
Taylor, Chantel J.; Yack, Jayne E. (1 January 2019). "Hearing in Caterpillars of the Monarch Butterfly ( Danaus plexippus )". Journal of Experimental Biology. doi:10.1242/jeb.211862.
Picard MA, Vicoso B, Bertrand S, Escriva H (July 2021). "Diversity of Modes of Reproduction and Sex Determination Systems in Invertebrates, and the Putative Contribution of Genetic Conflict". Genes (Basel). 12 (8): 1136. doi:10.3390/genes12081136. PMC 8391622. PMID 34440310.
Riley, J.; Greggers, U.; Smith, A.; Reynolds, D.; Menzel, R. (2005). "The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance". Nature. 435 (7039): 205–7. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..205R. doi:10.1038/nature03526. PMID 15889092. S2CID 4413962.
Seeley T.D.; Visscher P.K.; Passino K.M. (2006). "Group decision making in honey bee swarms". American Scientist. 94 (3): 220–9. doi:10.1511/2006.3.220 (inactive 1 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W.; Obst, Matthias; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sørensen, Martin V.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Okusu, Akiko; Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg (April 2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 18322464.
Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Riutort, Marta; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Baguñà, Jaume (March 1999). "Acoel Flatworms: Earliest Extant Bilaterian Metazoans, Not Members of Platyhelminthes". Science. 283 (5409): 1919–23. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1919R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1919. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10082465. S2CID 6079655.^{[permanent dead link]}
Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg (July 2002). "An Introduction to Loricifera, Cycliophora, and Micrognathozoa". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 42 (3): 641–651. doi:10.1093/icb/42.3.641. PMID 21708760.
Eernisse, Douglas J.; Albert, James S.; Anderson, Frank E. (1 September 1992). "Annelida and Arthropoda are not sister taxa: A phylogenetic analysis of spiralean metazoan morphology". Systematic Biology. 41 (3): 305–330. doi:10.2307/2992569. ISSN 1063-5157. JSTOR 2992569.
Eernisse, Douglas J.; Kim, Chang Bae; Moon, Seung Yeo; Gelder, Stuart R.; Kim, Won (September 1996). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Annelids, Molluscs, and Arthropods Evidenced from Molecules and Morphology". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 43 (3): 207–215. Bibcode:1996JMolE..43..207K. doi:10.1007/PL00006079. PMID 8703086.^{[dead link]}
Maloof, Adam C.; Rose, Catherine V.; Beach, Robert; Samuels, Bradley M.; Calmet, Claire C.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Poirier, Gerald R.; Yao, Nan; Simons, Frederik J. (17 August 2010). "Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia". Nature Geoscience. 3 (9): 653. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..653M. doi:10.1038/ngeo934.
Seilacher, A.; Bose, P.K.; Pflüger, F. (October 1998). "Animals More Than 1 Billion Years Ago: Trace Fossil Evidence from India". Science. 282 (5386): 80–83. Bibcode:1998Sci...282...80S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.80. PMID 9756480.
N.H. Putnam, N.H.; Srivastava, M.; Hellsten, U.; et al. (July 2007). "Sea anemone genome reveals ancestral eumetazoan gene repertoire and genomic organization". Science. 31 (5834): 86–94. Bibcode:2007Sci...317...86P. doi:10.1126/science.1139158. OSTI 910591. PMID 17615350. S2CID 9868191. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
Lawrence, J.E.; Lunde, K.B.; Mazor, R.D.; Bêche, L.A.; McElravy, E.P.; Resh, V.H. (2010). "Long-Term Macroinvertebrate Responses to Climate Change: Implications for Biological Assessment in Mediterranean-Climate Streams". Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 29 (4): 1424–40. doi:10.1899/09-178.1. S2CID 84679634.

factmonster.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Symmetry, biological Archived 13 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, cited at FactMonster.com from The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (2007).

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb (2010). Family Cranchiidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper (eds.) Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids Archived 29 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 148–178.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

May, Robert M. (16 September 1988). "How Many Species Are There on Earth?". Science. 241 (4872): 1441–9. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. JSTOR 1702670. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
Eernisse, Douglas J.; Albert, James S.; Anderson, Frank E. (1 September 1992). "Annelida and Arthropoda are not sister taxa: A phylogenetic analysis of spiralean metazoan morphology". Systematic Biology. 41 (3): 305–330. doi:10.2307/2992569. ISSN 1063-5157. JSTOR 2992569.

lophelia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Biodiversity: Mollusca". The Scottish Association for Marine Science. Archived from the original on 8 July 2006. Retrieved 19 November 2007.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W.; Obst, Matthias; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sørensen, Martin V.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Okusu, Akiko; Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg (April 2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 18322464.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

May, Robert M. (16 September 1988). "How Many Species Are There on Earth?". Science. 241 (4872): 1441–9. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. JSTOR 1702670. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
Canning, Elizabeth U.; Okamura, Beth (1 January 2003). "Biodiversity and Evolution of the Myxozoa". Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 56. Academic Press. pp. 43–131. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(03)56002-X. ISBN 978-0-12-031756-1. PMID 14710996.
Louise R. Page (2006). "Modern insights on gastropod development: Reevaluation of the evolution of a novel body plan". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 46 (2): 134–143. doi:10.1093/icb/icj018. PMID 21672730.
Nicholls JG, Baylor DA (September 1968). "Specific modalities and receptive fields of sensory neurons in CNS of the leech". Journal of Neurophysiology. 31 (5): 740–756. doi:10.1152/jn.1968.31.5.740. PMID 5711143.
Pastor J, Soria B, Belmonte C (June 1996). "Properties of the nociceptive neurons of the leech segmental ganglion". Journal of Neurophysiology. 75 (6): 2268–2279. doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.6.2268. PMID 8793740.
Byrne JH, Castellucci VF, Kandel ER (March 1978). "Contribution of individual mechanoreceptor sensory neurons to defensive gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia". Journal of Neurophysiology. 41 (2): 418–431. doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.2.418. PMID 650275.
Castellucci V, Pinsker H, Kupfermann I, Kandel ER (March 1970). "Neuronal mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia". Science. 167 (3926): 1745–1748. Bibcode:1970Sci...167.1745C. doi:10.1126/science.167.3926.1745. PMID 5416543.
Fischer TM, Jacobson DA, Counsell AN, Pelot MA, Demorest K (March 2011). "Regulation of low-threshold afferent activity may contribute to short-term habituation in Aplysia californica". Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 95 (3): 248–259. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.11.016. PMID 21144906.
Illich PA, Walters ET (January 1997). "Mechanosensory neurons innervating Aplysia siphon encode noxious stimuli and display nociceptive sensitization". Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (1): 459–469. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00459.1997. PMC 6793714. PMID 8987770.Mechanosensory neurons innervating Aplysia siphon encode noxious stimuli and display nociceptive sensitization. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17: 459–469
Smith ES, Lewin GR (December 2009). "Nociceptors: a phylogenetic view". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 195 (12): 1089–1106. doi:10.1007/s00359-009-0482-z. PMC 2780683. PMID 19830434.
Westneat, Mark W.; Betz, Oliver; Blob, Richard W.; Fezzaa, Kamel; Cooper, James W.; Lee, Wah-Keat (January 2003). "Tracheal Respiration in Insects Visualized with Synchrotron X-ray Imaging". Science. 299 (5606): 558–560. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..558W. doi:10.1126/science.1078008. PMID 12543973. S2CID 43634044.^{[permanent dead link]}
Ewer, John (11 October 2005). "How the Ecdysozoan Changed Its Coat". PLOS Biology. 3 (10): e349. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030349. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 1250302. PMID 16207077.
Picard MA, Vicoso B, Bertrand S, Escriva H (July 2021). "Diversity of Modes of Reproduction and Sex Determination Systems in Invertebrates, and the Putative Contribution of Genetic Conflict". Genes (Basel). 12 (8): 1136. doi:10.3390/genes12081136. PMC 8391622. PMID 34440310.
Riley, J.; Greggers, U.; Smith, A.; Reynolds, D.; Menzel, R. (2005). "The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance". Nature. 435 (7039): 205–7. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..205R. doi:10.1038/nature03526. PMID 15889092. S2CID 4413962.
Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W.; Obst, Matthias; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sørensen, Martin V.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Okusu, Akiko; Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg (April 2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 18322464.
Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Riutort, Marta; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Baguñà, Jaume (March 1999). "Acoel Flatworms: Earliest Extant Bilaterian Metazoans, Not Members of Platyhelminthes". Science. 283 (5409): 1919–23. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1919R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1919. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10082465. S2CID 6079655.^{[permanent dead link]}
Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg (July 2002). "An Introduction to Loricifera, Cycliophora, and Micrognathozoa". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 42 (3): 641–651. doi:10.1093/icb/42.3.641. PMID 21708760.
Eernisse, Douglas J.; Kim, Chang Bae; Moon, Seung Yeo; Gelder, Stuart R.; Kim, Won (September 1996). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Annelids, Molluscs, and Arthropods Evidenced from Molecules and Morphology". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 43 (3): 207–215. Bibcode:1996JMolE..43..207K. doi:10.1007/PL00006079. PMID 8703086.^{[dead link]}
Seilacher, A.; Bose, P.K.; Pflüger, F. (October 1998). "Animals More Than 1 Billion Years Ago: Trace Fossil Evidence from India". Science. 282 (5386): 80–83. Bibcode:1998Sci...282...80S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.80. PMID 9756480.
N.H. Putnam, N.H.; Srivastava, M.; Hellsten, U.; et al. (July 2007). "Sea anemone genome reveals ancestral eumetazoan gene repertoire and genomic organization". Science. 31 (5834): 86–94. Bibcode:2007Sci...317...86P. doi:10.1126/science.1139158. OSTI 910591. PMID 17615350. S2CID 9868191. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2019.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Illich PA, Walters ET (January 1997). "Mechanosensory neurons innervating Aplysia siphon encode noxious stimuli and display nociceptive sensitization". Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (1): 459–469. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00459.1997. PMC 6793714. PMID 8987770.Mechanosensory neurons innervating Aplysia siphon encode noxious stimuli and display nociceptive sensitization. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17: 459–469
Smith ES, Lewin GR (December 2009). "Nociceptors: a phylogenetic view". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 195 (12): 1089–1106. doi:10.1007/s00359-009-0482-z. PMC 2780683. PMID 19830434.
Ewer, John (11 October 2005). "How the Ecdysozoan Changed Its Coat". PLOS Biology. 3 (10): e349. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030349. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 1250302. PMID 16207077.
Picard MA, Vicoso B, Bertrand S, Escriva H (July 2021). "Diversity of Modes of Reproduction and Sex Determination Systems in Invertebrates, and the Putative Contribution of Genetic Conflict". Genes (Basel). 12 (8): 1136. doi:10.3390/genes12081136. PMC 8391622. PMID 34440310.

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; English: 1,146^th place)

N.H. Putnam, N.H.; Srivastava, M.; Hellsten, U.; et al. (July 2007). "Sea anemone genome reveals ancestral eumetazoan gene repertoire and genomic organization". Science. 31 (5834): 86–94. Bibcode:2007Sci...317...86P. doi:10.1126/science.1139158. OSTI 910591. PMID 17615350. S2CID 9868191. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2019.

oxfordreference.com (Global: 809^th place; English: 542^nd place)

microinvertebrate. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 4 Dec. 2025, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810105410141.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

"What Are the Main Groups of Invertebrates?". 4 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

May, Robert M. (16 September 1988). "How Many Species Are There on Earth?". Science. 241 (4872): 1441–9. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. JSTOR 1702670. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
Westneat, Mark W.; Betz, Oliver; Blob, Richard W.; Fezzaa, Kamel; Cooper, James W.; Lee, Wah-Keat (January 2003). "Tracheal Respiration in Insects Visualized with Synchrotron X-ray Imaging". Science. 299 (5606): 558–560. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..558W. doi:10.1126/science.1078008. PMID 12543973. S2CID 43634044.^{[permanent dead link]}
Riley, J.; Greggers, U.; Smith, A.; Reynolds, D.; Menzel, R. (2005). "The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance". Nature. 435 (7039): 205–7. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..205R. doi:10.1038/nature03526. PMID 15889092. S2CID 4413962.
Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Riutort, Marta; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Baguñà, Jaume (March 1999). "Acoel Flatworms: Earliest Extant Bilaterian Metazoans, Not Members of Platyhelminthes". Science. 283 (5409): 1919–23. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1919R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1919. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10082465. S2CID 6079655.^{[permanent dead link]}
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