Iraq (English Wikipedia)

"Tamerlane – Timur the Lame Biography". Asianhistory.about.com. 15 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2010.

acig.info

Cooper, Tom; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007). "Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990". Air Combat Information Group Journal. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

aljazeera.com

Ibrahim, Arwa. "The US-led war in Iraq and Saddam's Arab legacy". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
Al-Jazeera ENGLISH, 22 February 2007, Blair announces Iraq troop pullout
al-Salhy, Suadad. "Iraq forces rebuilding the troops". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
"Report: ISIL losing in Iraq, Syria; gaining in Libya". Al Jazeera. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
Al Jazeera and News Agencies. (5 October 2019). "Iraq protests: All the latest updates." Al Jazeera website Retrieved 5 October 2019.
Yuan, Shawn (30 November 2021). "Muqtada al-Sadr bloc confirmed big winner of Iraq's election". www.aljazeera.com.
"Iraqi MPs from Muqtada al-Sadr's bloc resign". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Yuan, Shawn. "Sadrists quit Iraq's parliament, but al-Sadr isn't going away". www.aljazeera.com.
"'All the trees have died': Iraqis face intensifying water crisis". Al Jazeera. 5 November 2021.
"Shia fume over Bremer sharia threat". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
Hawkins, Peter (27 May 2017). "Iraq must invest in education to secure its future". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 October 2018.

america.aljazeera.com

"Obama's Iraq dilemma: Fighting ISIL puts US and Iran on the same side". america.aljazeera.com.

aljazeera.net

english.aljazeera.net

"Oil firms awarded Iraq contracts". English.aljazeera.net. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
""BP group wins Iraq oil contract", Al Jazeera English, 30 June 2009". English.aljazeera.net. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

aljazeera.net

"مستشار الكاظمي يؤكد تراجع دين العراق إلى 20 مليار دولار بفضل انتعاش أسعار النفط". aljazeera.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 December 2021.

americanbar.org

apps.americanbar.org

"Iraq Personal Status Law of 1959 (ABA Translation)" (PDF). American Bar Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

arabaviation.com

"Arab Aviation > Air Power > Iraqi Air Force". arabaviation.com. Retrieved 28 December 2021.

arabcenterdc.org

Karam, Patricia (16 June 2023). "Sudani's Premiership Is Failing in the Iraqi Fight Against Corruption". Arab Center Washington DC. Retrieved 31 July 2023.

arabnews.com

Ferguson, Barbara (11 September 2007). "Petraeus Says Iraq Troop Surge Working". Arab News. Retrieved 26 December 2009.

archive.org

Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-0-226-45238-8.
McCoy, John (2003). Geo-data: the world geographical encyclopedia. Thomson-Gale. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-7876-5581-5.

archive.today

Cooper, Tom; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007). "Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990". Air Combat Information Group Journal. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
"Population 'under attack', Radio Free Europe". Rferl.org. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.

archives.gov

georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov

"Declaration of Principles for a Long-Term Relationship of Cooperation and Friendship Between the Republic of Iraq and the United States of America". 26 November 2007.
"US-Iraq SOFA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
"Strategic Framework Agreement" (PDF). p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2015.

aswataliraq.info

en.aswataliraq.info

"Iraqi population reaches about 35 million". Aswat Al Iraq. 27 April 2013. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2013.

baltimoresun.com

By (13 November 1998). "In Iraq, respect for the Jews Baghdad: A tiny minority that has seen good days and bad is treated well under Saddam Hussein". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 7 April 2024.

barrons.com

"Iraq And Kuwait Seek To Solve Contested Border Issue". Barron's. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.

bartleby.com

"Iraq". The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. 14 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Hardy, Roger (22 September 2005). "The Iran–Iraq war: 25 years on". BBC News. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
Jackson, Patrick (30 May 2007). "Who are Iraq's Mehdi Army?". BBC News. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
"Saddam death 'ends dark chapter'". BBC News. 30 December 2006. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
BBC NEWS 21 February 2007, Blair announces Iraq troops cut
"US soldiers leave Iraq's cities". BBC News. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
Sharp, Heather (3 March 2003). "BBC News – Iraq's 'devastated' Marsh Arabs". Retrieved 1 May 2008.
Harrison, Frances (13 March 2008). "Christians besieged in Iraq". BBC. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
"Analysis: Iraq's Christians under attack". BBC News. 2 August 2004. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
"Warnings of Iraq refugee crisis". BBC News. 22 January 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2007.

bbc.co.uk

"John Simpson: 'The Iraq memories I can't rid myself of'". BBC News. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
"Iraq Sunni protests in Anbar against Nouri al-Maliki". BBC News. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
"Protests engulf west Iraq as Anbar rises against Maliki". BBC News. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
"Sunni militants 'seize Iraq's western border crossings'". BBC. 23 June 2014.
"Guide to political groups in Iraq". BBC News. 11 November 2010.
"Iraq: France's Alstom signs high-speed highways with KRG deal". BBC News. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
"Christian areas targeted in Baghdad attacks". BBC. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.

bbc.com

"Iraq crisis: Battle grips vital Baiji oil refinery". BBC. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
"Iraqi Shia protesters storm Baghdad parliament". BBC News. 30 April 2016.
"Iraq Christians flee as Islamic State takes Qaraqosh". BBC News. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2015.

bloomberg.com

"Saddam Hussein's Two Co-Defendants Hanged in Iraq". Bloomberg L.P. 15 January 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2007.

books.google.com

Office, Great Britain Foreign (1958). Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939. H.M. Stationery Office.
Hunt, Courtney (2005). The History of Iraq. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33414-6.
Magnus Thorkell Bernhardsson (2005). Reclaiming a Plundered Past: Archaeology And Nation Building in Modern Iraq. University of Texas Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-292-70947-8. The term Iraq did not encompass the regions north of the region of Tikrit on the Tigris and near Hīt on the Euphrates.
Salmon, Thomas (1767). A New Geographical and Historical Grammar. Sands, Murray, and Cochran. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
Martin, Benjamin (1761). "Philosophical Geography of Turkey in Asia". A New and Comprehensive System of Philology or A Treatise of the Literary Arts and Sciences, According to their Present State. The General Magazine of Arts and Sciences, Philosophical, Philological, Mathematical, and Mechanical. Vol. 3, no. 2. London: W. Owen. p. 363.
Charles Keith Maisels (24 October 2005). The Near East: Archaeology in the 'Cradle of Civilization'. Routledge. pp. 6–109. ISBN 978-1-134-66469-6.
Düring, Bleda S (2020). The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-108-47874-8.
Liverani, Mario (2017). "Thoughts on the Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Kingship". Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 536. ISBN 978-1-118-32524-7.
Aberbach, David (2003). Major Turning Points in Jewish Intellectual History. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4039-1766-9.
Frahm, Eckart (2017). A Companion to Assyria. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Hoboken. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-118-32524-7.
Toprak, Binnaz (1 January 1981). Islam and Political Development in Turkey. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-06471-3.
Reidar Visser (2005). Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism And Nationalism in Southern Iraq. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 19. ISBN 978-3-8258-8799-5. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Bowen, Wayne H. (2008). The History of Saudi Arabia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-313-34012-3. OCLC 166388162.
Tripp, Charles (2002). A History of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52900-6. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Wilson, Jeremy (1998). Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-1877-0. The exploits of T.E. Lawrence as British liaison officer in the Arab Revolt, recounted in his work Seven Pillars of Wisdom, made him one of the most famous Englishmen of his generation. This biography explores his life and career including his correspondence with writers, artists and politicians.
Liam Anderson; Gareth Stansfield (2005). The Future of Iraq: Dictatorship, Democracy, Or Division?. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4039-7144-9. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2018. Sunni control over the levels of power and the distribution of the spoils of office has had predictable consequences- a simmering resentment on the part of the Shi'a...
Ongsotto et al. Asian History Module-based Learning Ii' 2003 Ed. p69. [1]
Hiltermann, J. R. (2007). A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja. Cambridge University Press. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-0-521-87686-5. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Rick Atkinson (1993). Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 284–285. ISBN 978-0-395-71083-8. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Scott, Derek A. (1995). A directory of wetlands in the Middle East. IUCN. ISBN 978-2-8317-0270-4.
Fox, Jonathan (2008). A World Survey of Religion and the State. Cambridge University Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-139-47259-3. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Charles Philip Issawi (1988). The Fertile Crescent, 1800–1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-504951-0. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Gutas, Dimitri (1998). Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early ʻAbbāsid Society (2nd–4th/8th–10th Centuries). Psychology Press. pp. 53–60. ISBN 978-0-415-06132-2.

britannica.com

"Iraq | History, Map, Flag, Population, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
"Iraq – Government and society". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
"Iraq – The northeast". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
"History of Mesopotamia - Ancient Empires, Sumerians, Babylonians". britannica.com. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
"Iran-Iraq War | Causes, Summary, Casualties, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 10 March 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
"Baghdad school," in: Encyclopædia Britannica, Online:
"Epic of Gilgamesh". britannica.com. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

brookings.edu

"Iraq and Vietnam—Differences and Similarities". Brookings. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

business-anti-corruption.com

"Iraq Country Profile". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2016.

cfr.org

Robinson, Kali (18 October 2022). "How Much Influence Does Iran Have in Iraq?". Archived from the original on 30 March 2023.
Lionel Beehner and Greg Bruno, Backgrounder: Why Iraqis Cannot Agree on an Oil Law, Council on Foreign Relations (last updated 22 February 2008).

cia.gov

"Iraq". The World Factbook. 27 September 2021.
"Iraq - the World Factbook". 27 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024.

climatelinks.org

USAID (3 March 2017). "Climate Risk Profile: Iraq". Climatelinks. Retrieved 10 August 2019.

clingendael.org

"A Balancing Act | Strategic Monitor 2018–2019". www.clingendael.org. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Basu, Moni (18 December 2011). "Deadly Iraq war ends with exit of last U.S. troops". CNN.com. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
"Nearly 19,000 civilians killed in Iraq in 21-month period, report says". CNN. 19 January 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
"In Iraq, terrorism's victims go unnamed". CNN. 12 January 2017.
"24 soldiers killed in attack in Turkey". CNN. 19 October 2011.

cnn.com

"U.S. cracks down on Iraq death squads". CNN. 24 July 2006.
"Iraqi oil reserves estimated at 143B barrels". CNN. 4 October 2010.

constituteproject.org

"Iraq's Constitution" (PDF).
"Iraq's constitution 2005" (PDF).

countrystudies.us

"Iraq – The Ottoman Period, 1534–1918". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

cpa-iraq.org

Coalition Provisional Authority. "Iraq Currency Exchange". Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
"President Bush, Secretary Powell welcome Iraqi musicians to Kennedy - Information about the Iraqi Dinar". 24 October 2008. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

crl.edu

dds.crl.edu

"DDS Center for Research Libraries".

csis.org

"Military balance" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

csmonitor.com

"'Smarter' bombs still hit civilians". Christian Science Monitor. 22 October 2002. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
"Al Qaeda's hand in tipping Iraq toward civil war". Christian Science Monitor. 20 March 2006.

dangoor.com

Kojaman. "Jewish Role in Iraqi Music". Retrieved 9 September 2007.

doe.gov

eia.doe.gov

"World Proved Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas, Most Recent Estimates". Energy Information Administration. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
"U.S. Electricity Imports from and Electricity Exports to Canada and Mexico Data for 2008". 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

doi.org

Boesch, Hans H. (1 October 1939). "El-'Iraq". Economic Geography. 15 (4): 325–361. doi:10.2307/141771. JSTOR 141771.
Nicholson, Oliver (22 March 2018), "Mesopotamia, Roman", The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8, retrieved 11 October 2023
Silva-Couto, Dejanirah (1 October 2008). "Méthodes en histoire du monde portugais". Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Section des sciences historiques et philologiques. Résumés des conférences et travaux (in French) (139): 292–298. doi:10.4000/ashp.488. ISSN 0766-0677.
Luedke, Tilman (2008). "Iraq". Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-517632-2. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
"Cox, Sir Percy Zachariah (1864–1937), diplomatist and colonial administrator". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32604. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017). "Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics". BMJ Global Health. 2 (2): e000311. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311. ISSN 2059-7908. PMC 5717930. PMID 29225933.
Pfiffner, James (February 2010). "US Blunders in Iraq: De-Baathification and Disbanding the Army" (PDF). Intelligence and National Security. 25 (1). Routledge: 76–85. doi:10.1080/02684521003588120. S2CID 153595453. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
Wood, Ruairidh (2019). "Promoting democracy or pursuing hegemony? An analysis of U.S. involvement in the Middle East". Journal of Global Faultlines. 6 (2): 166–167, 171–172, 174, 179. doi:10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. ISSN 2397-7825. JSTOR 10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. S2CID 216721272.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Thomas Pohl; Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi; Malik H. Ali; Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi; Hermann Ehrlich; Broder Merkel (6 March 2014). "Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 4250. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E4250P. doi:10.1038/srep04250. PMC 3945051. PMID 24603901.
Logan, Darren L. (2010). "A Remnant Remaining: Armenians amid Northern Iraq's Christian Minority". Iran & the Caucasus. 14 (1): 143–157. doi:10.1163/157338410X12743419189540. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703837.
de Santisteban, Agustin Velloso (2005). "Sanctions, War, Occupation and the De-Development of Education in Iraq". International Review of Education. 51 (1): 59–71. Bibcode:2005IREdu..51...59S. doi:10.1007/s11159-005-0587-8. S2CID 144395039.
Johnson, Ian (2016). "International Assistance and National and Individual Contributions in the Development of Education for Library, Information and Archival Studies: Some Evidence from a Case Study". Libri. 66 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1515/libri-2015-0110. hdl:10059/1611. S2CID 147693908.

dw.com

"Iraq gets a new government after a year of deadlock – DW – 10/28/2022". dw.com.
"Iraq substation fire causes major power outage – DW – 07/30/2023". Deutsche Welle. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
"Iraqi PM al-Sudani visits Syria to normalize relations – DW – 07/16/2023". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
"Iraqi parliament votes to expel US troops". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
"US to send more troops to Middle East". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 3 January 2020.

economist.com

"Can the joy last?". The Economist. 3 September 2011.
"Abadi agonistes". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 21 April 2016.

emory.edu

law.emory.edu

"Iraq, Republic of". Law.emory.edu. 16 March 1983. Retrieved 18 February 2013.

encyclopedia.com

"Saddam Hussein's Rise to Power | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

etymonline.com

"Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. 10 December 1979. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
"often said to be from Arabic araqa, covering notions such as "perspiring, deeply rooted, well-watered," which may reflect the impression the lush river-land made on desert Arabs. etymonline.com; see also "Rassam, Suha (31 October 2005). Christianity in Iraq: Its Origins and Development to the Present Day. Gracewing Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-85244-633-1.

euromonitor.com

"Travel And Tourism in Iraq". Euromonitor. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.

europa.eu

euaa.europa.eu

"2.15. Religious and ethnic minorities, and stateless persons". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

europarl.europa.eu

"Minorities in Iraq Pushed to the brink of existence" (PDF). European Parliamentary Research Service. 2015. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 19 June 2018.

factcheck.org

"Bush's "16 Words" on Iraq & Uranium: He May Have Been Wrong But He Wasn't Lying". FactCheck.org. 26 July 2004. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010.

foreignaffairs.com

Almaliky, Muhamed H. (16 January 2015). "Mending Iraq". Foreign Affairs.

foreignpolicy.com

Wilson, Audrey (7 November 2019). "Why Iraq's Protesters Are Still in the Streets". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Rodgers, Winthrop (25 July 2023). "The Cradle of Civilization Is Drying Up". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 31 July 2023.

foxnews.com

Iraq Bill Demands U.S. Troop Withdraw Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Associated Press, Fox News, 10 May 2007
"Violence Grows in Iraq as American troops withdraw". Fox News. 9 May 2009.
"Suicide bomber kills 32 at Baghdad funeral march". Fox News. Associated Press. 27 January 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
"Iraq's new prime minister-designate vows to fight corruption, terrorism". Fox News. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.

fragilestatesindex.org

"Fragile States Index 2023 – Annual Report | Fragile States Index". fragilestatesindex.org. Retrieved 1 October 2023.

france24.com

"92% of Iraqi Kurds back independence from Baghdad, election commission says". France 24. 27 September 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.

fsu.edu

archive.law.fsu.edu

p.8 Archived 17 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine

ft.com

"Why water is a growing faultline between Turkey and Iraq". Financial Times. 4 July 2018.

genocidewatch.org

"Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 2008. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2018.

ghostarchive.org

AlJazeeraEnglish (29 July 2010). "Inside Story – Iraq's missing billions". YouTube. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

globalconstructionreview.com

"Iraq's Al Faw port to become largest in Middle East". Global Construction Review. 21 September 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

globalpolicy.org

Glanz, James (12 May 2007). "Billions in Oil Missing in Iraq, US Study Says". New York Times.

gmu.edu

pfiffner.gmu.edu

Pfiffner, James (February 2010). "US Blunders in Iraq: De-Baathification and Disbanding the Army" (PDF). Intelligence and National Security. 25 (1). Routledge: 76–85. doi:10.1080/02684521003588120. S2CID 153595453. Retrieved 16 December 2013.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Qassim Abdul-Zahra (20 March 2007). "Saddam's Former Deputy Hanged in Iraq". Abcnews.go.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
Wagner, Thomas (25 October 2005). "Iraq's Constitution Adopted by Voters". ABC News. Archived from the original on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

haaretz.com

Reuters (30 June 2003). "Safe under Saddam, Iraqi Jews fear for future". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 April 2024. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Johnson, Ian (2016). "International Assistance and National and Individual Contributions in the Development of Education for Library, Information and Archival Studies: Some Evidence from a Case Study". Libri. 66 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1515/libri-2015-0110. hdl:10059/1611. S2CID 147693908.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Thomas Pohl; Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi; Malik H. Ali; Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi; Hermann Ehrlich; Broder Merkel (6 March 2014). "Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 4250. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E4250P. doi:10.1038/srep04250. PMC 3945051. PMID 24603901.
de Santisteban, Agustin Velloso (2005). "Sanctions, War, Occupation and the De-Development of Education in Iraq". International Review of Education. 51 (1): 59–71. Bibcode:2005IREdu..51...59S. doi:10.1007/s11159-005-0587-8. S2CID 144395039.

belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu

"Chechens in the Middle East: Between Original and Host Cultures". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. 18 September 2002. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2010.

history.ac.uk

archives.history.ac.uk

Geraint, Hughes. "Who used whom? Baathist Iraq and the Cold War, 1968–1990". Institute of Historical Research. Defence Studies Department, King's College London. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

hrw.org

"The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds A Middle East Watch Report". Human Rights Watch. 14 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
Black, George (July 1993) [1993]. Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds / Western Asia Watch. New York • Washington • Los Angeles • London: Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-108-4. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
Hiltermann, Joost R. (February 1994) [1994]. Bureaucracy of Repression: The Iraqi Government in Its Own Words / Western Asia Watch. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-127-5. Archived from the original on 28 October 2006. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
"PART III". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

icwa.in

Deepika, Saraswat (7 December 2018). "Iraq's Relations with its Arab Neighbours and Iran: Quest for a Pragmatic Balance". Research Fellow. Indian Council of World Affairs.

imf.org

"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Iraq)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

ina.iq

"After years of bloody conflict, Iraq is enjoying a 'mini-boom' in tourism". Iraqi News Agency. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

independent.co.uk

"The world's lack of outrage over tens of thousands of civilian deaths in Mosul is shameful". The Independent. 21 July 2017.
"US admits it conducted Mosul air strike 'at location' where '200' civilians died Archived 1 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine". The Independent. 26 March 2017.
"Will Iraq's 1.3 million refugees ever be able to go home?". The Independent. London. 16 December 2011.

infoplease.com

"Meaning of Iraq". InfoPlease. 24 January 2017.

inma-iraq.com

"Unemployment Threatens Democracy in Iraq" (PDF). USAID Iraq. January 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2013.

institutkurde.org

"Charges against Saddam dropped as genocide trial resumes". Agence France-Presse. 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009.

internal-displacement.org

"A displacement crisis". 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.

investpromo.gov.iq

"Bismayah – National Investment Commission". Retrieved 23 December 2021.

ips-journal.eu

Lukas, Stefan (26 July 2023). "Iraq is running out of water". ips-journal.eu. Retrieved 31 July 2023.

ipsnews.net

"TURKEY:Relations with Iraq become explosive". Ipsnews.net. 30 October 2007.

iranicaonline.org

Bosworth 1998, p. 538. Bosworth, C. E. (1998). "ʿERĀQ-E ʿAJAM(Ī)". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 5. p. 538.
Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 12 December 2023.

iraq-businessnews.com

"PM lays Foundation Stone for next phase of Grand Faw Port | Iraq Business News". 14 April 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

iraqicivilsociety.org

UN Iraq Joint Analysis and Policy Unit (March 2013). "Water in Iraq Factsheet" (PDF). Retrieved 3 February 2018.

iraqidinar123.com

"OPEC Announces it Will Absorb The Increase in Iraq's". Iraqidinar123. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
Iraq123 News (1 October 2013) "Development is Main Dependent on Export of Iraq". Iraq123 News.

iraqinationality.gov.iq

"Iraq, Ministry of Interior – General Directorate for Nationality: Iraqi Constitution (2005)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2011.

iraqinews.com

Nehal Mostafa (9 December 2017). "Iraq announces end of war against IS, liberation of borders with Syria: Abadi". iraqinews.com.

iraqwatch.org

Rubin, Michael (December 2001). "Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 5 (4): 100–115. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012.

irinnews.org

"IRAQ: Christians live in fear of death squads". IRIN Middle East. IRIN. 19 October 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2013.

islamopediaonline.org

"Religion, Law, and Iraq's Personal Status Code". Islamopedia Online. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

jadaliyya.com

جدلية, Jadaliyya-. "'Lines Drawn on an Empty Map': Iraq's Borders and the Legend of the Artificial State (Part 1)". Jadaliyya – جدلية. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
جدلية, Jadaliyya-. "'Lines Drawn on an Empty Map': Iraq's Borders and the Legend of the Artificial State (Part 2)". Jadaliyya – جدلية. Retrieved 17 June 2020.

jstor.org

Boesch, Hans H. (1 October 1939). "El-'Iraq". Economic Geography. 15 (4): 325–361. doi:10.2307/141771. JSTOR 141771.
Wood, Ruairidh (2019). "Promoting democracy or pursuing hegemony? An analysis of U.S. involvement in the Middle East". Journal of Global Faultlines. 6 (2): 166–167, 171–172, 174, 179. doi:10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. ISSN 2397-7825. JSTOR 10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. S2CID 216721272.
Logan, Darren L. (2010). "A Remnant Remaining: Armenians amid Northern Iraq's Christian Minority". Iran & the Caucasus. 14 (1): 143–157. doi:10.1163/157338410X12743419189540. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703837.

latimes.com

"How Mesopotamia Became Iraq (and Why It Matters)". Los Angeles Times. 2 September 1990. Retrieved 2 August 2022.

articles.latimes.com

"Civilian deaths may top 1 million, poll data indicate". Los Angeles Times. 14 September 2007.

lifepersona.com

"Mesopotamian Literature: Characteristics, Authors, Historical Context". Life Persona. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

medomed.org

"The Marshlands of Mesopotamia, IRAK". Med-O-Med. Retrieved 7 May 2022.

merriam-webster.com

"Definition of IRAQ". merriam-webster.com.

mesopotamia.co.uk

"The Ziggurat of Ur". British Museum. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

mop.gov.iq

"وزارة التخطيط، تُصدر بيانا لمناسبة اليوم العالمي للسكان" [Ministry of Planning issues statement on World Population Day]. Ministry of Planning (Iraq) (in Arabic). 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

nationalreview.com

old.nationalreview.com

Kathryn Jean Lopez (14 September 2005). "Q&A with John Kelly on The Great Mortality on National Review Online". Nationalreview.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2016.

nato.int

afsouth.nato.int

NATO opens the Joint Staff College in Ar Rustamiyah in Baghdad, Iraq Archived 12 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine – NATO Training Mission – Iraq

nbcnews.com

"After years of war, Iraqis hit by frenzy of crime". Associated Press.
"Blasts at power station fire cut off electricity in much of scorching Iraq". NBC News. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
"Bremer will reject Islam as source for law". NBC News. 16 February 2004. Retrieved 21 February 2013.

ndtv.com

"In 1981, Israel Bombed Nuclear Reactor In Iraq. Why It's Relevant Today". NDTV.com. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

newyorker.com

Frazier, Ian (25 April 2005). "Annals of history: Invaders: Destroying Baghdad". The New Yorker. p. 4. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017). "Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics". BMJ Global Health. 2 (2): e000311. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311. ISSN 2059-7908. PMC 5717930. PMID 29225933.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Thomas Pohl; Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi; Malik H. Ali; Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi; Hermann Ehrlich; Broder Merkel (6 March 2014). "Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 4250. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E4250P. doi:10.1038/srep04250. PMC 3945051. PMID 24603901.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017). "Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics". BMJ Global Health. 2 (2): e000311. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311. ISSN 2059-7908. PMC 5717930. PMID 29225933.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Thomas Pohl; Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi; Malik H. Ali; Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi; Hermann Ehrlich; Broder Merkel (6 March 2014). "Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 4250. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E4250P. doi:10.1038/srep04250. PMC 3945051. PMID 24603901.

npr.org

"Iraqi Minister Resigns Over Electricity Shortages". NPR.org. 22 June 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
Hodges, Lauren (11 September 2014). "UNESCO Director Concerned About New School Year in Iraq". NPR. Retrieved 16 October 2018.

nrc.nl

(in Dutch) 'VS doden topgeneraal Iran, vrees voor escalatie groeit' (US kill top general Iran, fear for escalation grows). NRC Handelsblad, 3 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.

nytimes.com

Williams, Timothy (2 December 2009). "In Iraq's African Enclave, Color Is Plainly Seen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009.
Tyler, Patrick E. "Officers Say U.S. Aided Iraq in War Despite Use of Gas" New York Times 18 August 2002.
Gordon, Michael R. (17 March 2008). "Fateful Choice on Iraq Army Bypassed Debate". New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008.
Rubin, Alissa J. (18 March 2023). "20 Years After U.S. Invasion, Iraq Is a Freer Place, but Not a Hopeful One". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
Rubin, Alissa J.; Denton, Bryan (30 July 2023). "A Climate Warning from the Cradle of Civilization". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
Wong, Edward; Jakes, Lara; Schmitt, Eric (29 September 2020). "Pompeo Threatens to Close U.S. Embassy in Iraq Unless Militias Halt Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
Wong, Edward (28 June 2011) "China Opens Oil Field in Iraq". The New York Times.
Arraf, Jane (3 August 2021). "Iraq Reclaims 17,000 Looted Artifacts, Its Biggest-Ever Repatriation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

odi.org.uk

Sarah Bailey and Rachel Atkinson (19 November 2012). "Humanitarian action in Iraq: putting the pieces together". Overseas Development Institute. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

oecd.org

stats.oecd.org

"Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.

opcw.org

"Iraq Joins the Chemical Weapons Convention". The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons -Opcw.org. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

opec.org

"Iraq facts and figures". OPEC. Retrieved 7 February 2013.

openedition.org

journals.openedition.org

Silva-Couto, Dejanirah (1 October 2008). "Méthodes en histoire du monde portugais". Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Section des sciences historiques et philologiques. Résumés des conférences et travaux (in French) (139): 292–298. doi:10.4000/ashp.488. ISSN 0766-0677.

oxforddnb.com

"Cox, Sir Percy Zachariah (1864–1937), diplomatist and colonial administrator". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32604. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

oxfordreference.com

Nicholson, Oliver (22 March 2018), "Mesopotamia, Roman", The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8, retrieved 11 October 2023
Luedke, Tilman (2008). "Iraq". Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-517632-2. Retrieved 13 June 2018.

parliament.iq

iq.parliament.iq

"دەستووری کۆماری عێراق" (in Kurdish). Parliament of Iraq. Retrieved 15 October 2008.

pbs.org

"Armed group in Iraq demands U.S. forces withdraw by end of 2021, threatens violence". PBS. 28 December 2021.

pewresearch.org

"Iraq's unique place in the Sunni-Shia divide – Pew Research Center". Pew Research Center. 18 June 2014.

refworld.org

"Refworld | Iraq: Resolution No. 460 of 1991 (Official toponymy)".

reliefweb.int

"Iraq's economy: Past, present, future". Reliefweb.int. 3 June 2003. Retrieved 7 January 2013.

reuters.com

"Iraqi civilian deaths drop to lowest level of war". Reuters. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013.
Ahmed Aboulenein (10 December 2017). "Iraq holds victory parade after defeating Islamic State". Reuters. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
"Iraq court rules no region can secede after Kurdish independence bid". Reuters. 6 November 2017.
"Iraq's Kurdistan says to respect court decision banning secession". Reuters. 14 November 2017.
"Turkey will drain 'terror swamp' in Iraq's Qandil, Erdogan says". Reuters. 11 June 2018.
"Cleric Moqtada al-Sadr's bloc wins Iraq election". Reuters. 12 May 2018.
Azhari, Timour (16 July 2023). "Iraqi PM Sudani, Syria's Assad hold talks on security, water in Damascus". Reuters. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
Muhanad Mohammed (19 December 2012). "Iran, Iraq seek diplomatic end to border dispute". Reuters. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
"G7, Paris Club Agree on Iraq Debt Relief". 21 November 2004. Archived from the original on 21 November 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
Ahmed Rasheed, Iraq oil law deal festers as crisis drags on, Reuters (26 January 2012).
Smith, Matt (16 September 2013). "Iraq faces chronic housing shortage, needs foreign investment -minister". Reuters.
"Iraq to sign $2.625 billion Grand Faw port contract with S.Korea's Daewoo". Reuters. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

ca.reuters.com

"Iraq names its third prime minister in 10 weeks". Reuters. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

rfcafe.com

Cafe, Kirt Blattenberger RF. "Middle East Gets Its First Television Station, June 1955 Popular Electronics". Retrieved 23 December 2021.

rferl.org

"Population 'under attack', Radio Free Europe". Rferl.org. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.

rhul.ac.uk

personal.rhul.ac.uk

Spagat, Michael (September 2010). "Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions" (PDF). Significance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Pfiffner, James (February 2010). "US Blunders in Iraq: De-Baathification and Disbanding the Army" (PDF). Intelligence and National Security. 25 (1). Routledge: 76–85. doi:10.1080/02684521003588120. S2CID 153595453. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
Wood, Ruairidh (2019). "Promoting democracy or pursuing hegemony? An analysis of U.S. involvement in the Middle East". Journal of Global Faultlines. 6 (2): 166–167, 171–172, 174, 179. doi:10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. ISSN 2397-7825. JSTOR 10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. S2CID 216721272.
de Santisteban, Agustin Velloso (2005). "Sanctions, War, Occupation and the De-Development of Education in Iraq". International Review of Education. 51 (1): 59–71. Bibcode:2005IREdu..51...59S. doi:10.1007/s11159-005-0587-8. S2CID 144395039.
Johnson, Ian (2016). "International Assistance and National and Individual Contributions in the Development of Education for Library, Information and Archival Studies: Some Evidence from a Case Study". Libri. 66 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1515/libri-2015-0110. hdl:10059/1611. S2CID 147693908.

sesrtcic.org

"Health". SESRIC. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
"Demography". SESRIC. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
"Life expectancy at birth, total (Iraq)". SESRIC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

sfgate.com

Lochhead, Carolyn (16 January 2007). "40% of middle class believed to have fled crumbling nation". The San Francisco Chronicle.

sfusd.k12.ca.us

"Battuta's Travels: Part Three – Persia and Iraq". Sfusd.k12.ca.us. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2010.

soas.ac.uk

Manasseh, Sara (February 2004). "An Iraqi samai of Salim Al-Nur" (PDF). Newsletter. No. 3. London: Arts and Humanities Research Board Research Centre for Cross-Cultural Music and Dance Performance. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2005. Retrieved 9 September 2007.

stanford.edu

arcade.stanford.edu

"Contemporary Iraqi Architects". ARCADE. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

stripes.com

Salama, Vivian (13 August 2014). "Tensions high in Iraq as support for new PM grows". Stripes. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

sumerian.org

Halloran, John A. (2000). "Sumerian Lexicon". The name of the very ancient city of URUK- City of Gilgamesh is made up from the UR-city and UK- thought to mean existence (a-ku, a-Ki & a-ko. The Aramaic and Arabic root of IRQ and URQ denotes rivers or tributaries at the same times referring to condensation (of water).

svoboda.org

"The UN has blamed "Islamic State" in the genocide of the Yazidis". Радио Свобода. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 19 March 2015.

telegraph.co.uk

McQuade, Romsin (30 July 2014). "Iraq's persecuted Assyrian Christians are in limbo". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.

theatlantic.com

Calamur, Krishnadev (19 March 2018). "Oil Was Supposed to Rebuild Iraq". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

theguardian.com

Ian Black (22 August 2007). "'Chemical Ali'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
Borger, Julian (7 October 2004). "There were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq". guardian.co.uk. London: Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
"151,000 civilians killed since Iraq invasion". The Guardian. 10 January 2008.
Spencer Ackerman and agencies (11 August 2014). "Kerry slaps down Maliki after he accuses Iraqi president of violating constitution". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Baghdad, Associated Press in (30 July 2022). "Protesters storm Iraq parliament again amid unrest over Iran-backed groups". the Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
Carroll, Rory; Borger, Julian (22 August 2005). "US relents on Islamic law to reach Iraq deal". London: The Guardian, 21 August 2005.
Mardean Isaac (24 December 2011). "The desperate plight of Iraq's Assyrians and other minorities". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
Bowcott, Owen; Jones, Sam (8 August 2014). "Isis persecution of Iraqi Christians has become genocide, says religious leaders". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
Black, Ian (22 November 2007). "Iraqi refugees start to head home" (PDF). The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 May 2010.

theislanderonline.com.au

"Iraqis take on military training from Aust". The Islander. 4 November 2019. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.

thenational.ae

"Iraqi spy chief Mustafa al-Kadhimi rumoured to be prime ministerial contender". The National (Abu Dhabi). 29 December 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.

thenationalnews.com

National, The (14 October 2022). "Who are Iraq's new president Abdul Latif Rashid and PM nominee Mohammed Shia Al Sudani?". The National.

thepamphlet.in

Rawat, Yash (30 December 2022). "Reminiscing Saddam Hussein and India-Iraq Ties". The Pamphlet. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

thetimes.co.uk

"White House hails al-Maliki departure as 'major step forward'". The Times. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.

thingsasian.com

"Foods of Iraq: Enshrined With A Long History". ThingsAsian. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

timesofmalta.com

"Iraq war seen devastating for world tourism sector". Times of Malta. 7 March 2003. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

transparency.org

"Iraq". Transparency.org. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.

ucalgary.ca

acs.ucalgary.ca

"The Islamic World to 1600: The Arts, Learning, and Knowledge (Conclusion)". Acs.ucalgary.ca. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009.

ucalgary.ca

"The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)". The University of Calgary. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009.

uchicago.edu

oi.uchicago.edu

Carter, Robert A. and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, Number 63) The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (2010) ISBN 978-1-885923-66-0 p.2, at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html Archived 15 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine; "Radiometric data suggest that the whole Southern Mesopotamian Ubaid period, including Ubaid 0 and 5, is of immense duration, spanning nearly three millennia from about 6500 to 3800 B.C".

ultrasawt.com

ultrairaq.ultrasawt.com

"صناعة "الخبر" في الفضائيات العراقية". الترا عراق. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

umich.edu

lsa.umich.edu

"Seleucia on the Tigris". Umich.edu. 29 December 1927. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

deepblue.lib.umich.edu

Hatt, R. T. (1959). The mammals of Iraq (PDF). Ann Arbor: Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.

un.org

undp.org

hdr.undp.org

"Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

unesco.org

"Women In Personal Status Laws: Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria" (PDF). SHS Papers in Women's Studies/ Gender Research, No. 4. UNESCO. July 2005.

whc.unesco.org

"Hatra". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

ich.unesco.org

"UNESCO - Intangible Heritage Home". ich.unesco.org.

unhcr.org

webarchive.archive.unhcr.org

"UNHCR Web Archive". webarchive.archive.unhcr.org. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

unhcr.org

"Iraqi refugees flee war-torn Syria and seek safety back home". UNHCR. 18 June 2013.

data2.unhcr.org

"Situation Syria Regional Refugee Response". data2.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2021.

unicef.org

Iraq surveys show 'humanitarian emergency' Archived 6 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine UNICEF Newsline 12 August 1999
"THE COST AND BENEFITS OF EDUCATION IN IRAQ" (PDF). unicef.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2018.

upenn.edu

repository.upenn.edu

Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (2007). "Toward an Understanding of Media Policy and Media Systems in Iraq". Center for Global Communications Studies, Occasional Paper Series. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

uruknet.de

"The Ameriya Shelter – St. Valentine's Day Massacre". Uruknet.de. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

usatoday.com

Stone, Andrea (27 July 2003). "Embattled Jewish community down to last survivors". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

usatoday30.usatoday.com

Sabah, Zaid; Jervis, Rick (23 March 2007). "Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq". USA Today.

uscis.gov

"USCIS – Iraqi Refugee ProcessingFact Sheet". Uscis.gov. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.

v-dem.net

V-Dem Institute (2023). "The V-Dem Dataset". Retrieved 14 October 2023.

valerieyule.com.au

Population crises and cycles in history A review of the book Population Crises and Population cycles by Claire Russell and W.M.S. Russell. valerieyule.com.au. 1999. ISBN 978-0-9504066-5-7. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

voanews.com

middleeastvoices.voanews.com

Salem, Paul (29 November 2012). "INSIGHT: Iraq's Tensions Heightened by Syria Conflict". Middle East Voices (Voice of America). Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2012.

warprofiteers.com

"High-Tech Healthcare in Iraq, Minus the Healthcare". CorpWatch. 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 17 July 2007.

washingtonpost.com

"Saddam Hussein said sanctions killed 500,000 children. That was 'a spectacular lie.'". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Sly, Liz (12 February 2011). "Egyptian revolution sparks protest movement in democratic Iraq". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
"Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death". The Washington Post. 24 February 2014.
"Tensions mount between Baghdad and Kurdish region as Kurds seize oil fields". Washington Post. Retrieved 11 July 2014.

washingtontimes.com

"Iraq's flood of 'cheap oil' could rock world markets". The Washington Times. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.

waterencyclopedia.com

"Irrigation Systems, Ancient". Waterencyclopedia.com. 11 January 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2010.

web.archive.org

"Iraq, Ministry of Interior – General Directorate for Nationality: Iraqi Constitution (2005)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2011.
"Gini Index - Iraq". World Bank. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
Robinson, Kali (18 October 2022). "How Much Influence Does Iran Have in Iraq?". Archived from the original on 30 March 2023.
"Iraq". The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. 14 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008.
Carter, Robert A. and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, Number 63) The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (2010) ISBN 978-1-885923-66-0 p.2, at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html Archived 15 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine; "Radiometric data suggest that the whole Southern Mesopotamian Ubaid period, including Ubaid 0 and 5, is of immense duration, spanning nearly three millennia from about 6500 to 3800 B.C".
"Largest Cities Through History". Geography.about.com. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
"The Islamic World to 1600: The Arts, Learning, and Knowledge (Conclusion)". Acs.ucalgary.ca. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009.
"Battuta's Travels: Part Three – Persia and Iraq". Sfusd.k12.ca.us. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
"The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)". The University of Calgary. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009.
Kathryn Jean Lopez (14 September 2005). "Q&A with John Kelly on The Great Mortality on National Review Online". Nationalreview.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
"Tamerlane – Timur the Lame Biography". Asianhistory.about.com. 15 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
p.8 Archived 17 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Liam Anderson; Gareth Stansfield (2005). The Future of Iraq: Dictatorship, Democracy, Or Division?. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4039-7144-9. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2018. Sunni control over the levels of power and the distribution of the spoils of office has had predictable consequences- a simmering resentment on the part of the Shi'a...
Williams, Timothy (2 December 2009). "In Iraq's African Enclave, Color Is Plainly Seen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009.
"The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds A Middle East Watch Report". Human Rights Watch. 14 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
Hiltermann, Joost R. (February 1994) [1994]. Bureaucracy of Repression: The Iraqi Government in Its Own Words / Western Asia Watch. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-127-5. Archived from the original on 28 October 2006. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
"Charges against Saddam dropped as genocide trial resumes". Agence France-Presse. 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009.
"The Ameriya Shelter – St. Valentine's Day Massacre". Uruknet.de. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
Iraq surveys show 'humanitarian emergency' Archived 6 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine UNICEF Newsline 12 August 1999
Rubin, Michael (December 2001). "Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 5 (4): 100–115. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012.
Spagat, Michael (September 2010). "Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions" (PDF). Significance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Gordon, Michael R. (17 March 2008). "Fateful Choice on Iraq Army Bypassed Debate". New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008.
"Saddam Hussein's Two Co-Defendants Hanged in Iraq". Bloomberg L.P. 15 January 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
Qassim Abdul-Zahra (20 March 2007). "Saddam's Former Deputy Hanged in Iraq". Abcnews.go.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
Iraq Bill Demands U.S. Troop Withdraw Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Associated Press, Fox News, 10 May 2007
"Iraqi civilian deaths drop to lowest level of war". Reuters. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013.
"Bush's "16 Words" on Iraq & Uranium: He May Have Been Wrong But He Wasn't Lying". FactCheck.org. 26 July 2004. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010.
Salem, Paul (29 November 2012). "INSIGHT: Iraq's Tensions Heightened by Syria Conflict". Middle East Voices (Voice of America). Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
Salama, Vivian (13 August 2014). "Tensions high in Iraq as support for new PM grows". Stripes. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
"Nearly 19,000 civilians killed in Iraq in 21-month period, report says". CNN. 19 January 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
"US admits it conducted Mosul air strike 'at location' where '200' civilians died Archived 1 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine". The Independent. 26 March 2017.
Wagner, Thomas (25 October 2005). "Iraq's Constitution Adopted by Voters". ABC News. Archived from the original on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
"Iraq Personal Status Law of 1959 (ABA Translation)" (PDF). American Bar Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
"Religion, Law, and Iraq's Personal Status Code". Islamopedia Online. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
NATO opens the Joint Staff College in Ar Rustamiyah in Baghdad, Iraq Archived 12 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine – NATO Training Mission – Iraq
"Military balance" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
"Iraqis take on military training from Aust". The Islander. 4 November 2019. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
"US-Iraq SOFA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
"Strategic Framework Agreement" (PDF). p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
Wong, Edward; Jakes, Lara; Schmitt, Eric (29 September 2020). "Pompeo Threatens to Close U.S. Embassy in Iraq Unless Militias Halt Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
"Unemployment Threatens Democracy in Iraq" (PDF). USAID Iraq. January 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2013.
"G7, Paris Club Agree on Iraq Debt Relief". 21 November 2004. Archived from the original on 21 November 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
Coalition Provisional Authority. "Iraq Currency Exchange". Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
Odio, Sam. Jim Cramer on the Iraqi Dinar. dinarprofits.com
Sarah Bailey and Rachel Atkinson (19 November 2012). "Humanitarian action in Iraq: putting the pieces together". Overseas Development Institute. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
"Travel And Tourism in Iraq". Euromonitor. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
"Iraq: France's Alstom signs high-speed highways with KRG deal". BBC News. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
"U.S. Electricity Imports from and Electricity Exports to Canada and Mexico Data for 2008". 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
"Iraq Country Profile". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
"Iraqi population reaches about 35 million". Aswat Al Iraq. 27 April 2013. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
"Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 2008. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
"Chechens in the Middle East: Between Original and Host Cultures". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. 18 September 2002. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
"Iraq - the World Factbook". 27 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024.
Bowcott, Owen; Jones, Sam (8 August 2014). "Isis persecution of Iraqi Christians has become genocide, says religious leaders". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
McQuade, Romsin (30 July 2014). "Iraq's persecuted Assyrian Christians are in limbo". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
"A displacement crisis". 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
"USCIS – Iraqi Refugee ProcessingFact Sheet". Uscis.gov. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
"Situation Syria Regional Refugee Response". data2.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
"Health". SESRIC. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
"Demography". SESRIC. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
"Life expectancy at birth, total (Iraq)". SESRIC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
"High-Tech Healthcare in Iraq, Minus the Healthcare". CorpWatch. 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 17 July 2007.
"THE COST AND BENEFITS OF EDUCATION IN IRAQ" (PDF). unicef.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2018.
"President Bush, Secretary Powell welcome Iraqi musicians to Kennedy - Information about the Iraqi Dinar". 24 October 2008. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
Manasseh, Sara (February 2004). "An Iraqi samai of Salim Al-Nur" (PDF). Newsletter. No. 3. London: Arts and Humanities Research Board Research Centre for Cross-Cultural Music and Dance Performance. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2005. Retrieved 9 September 2007.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

Arabic: جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاق Jumhūriyya al-ʿIrāq^ⓘ; Kurdish: کۆماری عێراق, romanized: Komarî Êraq

wildlifeextra.com

"Iraq's Marshes Show Progress toward Recovery". Wildlife Extra. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

worktribe.com

rgu-repository.worktribe.com

Johnson, Ian (2016). "International Assistance and National and Individual Contributions in the Development of Education for Library, Information and Archival Studies: Some Evidence from a Case Study". Libri. 66 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1515/libri-2015-0110. hdl:10059/1611. S2CID 147693908.

worldbank.org

data.worldbank.org

"Gini Index - Iraq". World Bank. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

documents1.worldbank.org

"Iraq's Tourism Potential" (PDF).

worldcat.org

Silva-Couto, Dejanirah (1 October 2008). "Méthodes en histoire du monde portugais". Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Section des sciences historiques et philologiques. Résumés des conférences et travaux (in French) (139): 292–298. doi:10.4000/ashp.488. ISSN 0766-0677.
Bowen, Wayne H. (2008). The History of Saudi Arabia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-313-34012-3. OCLC 166388162.
Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017). "Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics". BMJ Global Health. 2 (2): e000311. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311. ISSN 2059-7908. PMC 5717930. PMID 29225933.
Wood, Ruairidh (2019). "Promoting democracy or pursuing hegemony? An analysis of U.S. involvement in the Middle East". Journal of Global Faultlines. 6 (2): 166–167, 171–172, 174, 179. doi:10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. ISSN 2397-7825. JSTOR 10.13169/jglobfaul.6.2.0166. S2CID 216721272.
Rubin, Alissa J. (18 March 2023). "20 Years After U.S. Invasion, Iraq Is a Freer Place, but Not a Hopeful One". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
Rubin, Alissa J.; Denton, Bryan (30 July 2023). "A Climate Warning from the Cradle of Civilization". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
"Abadi agonistes". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
Calamur, Krishnadev (19 March 2018). "Oil Was Supposed to Rebuild Iraq". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
Logan, Darren L. (2010). "A Remnant Remaining: Armenians amid Northern Iraq's Christian Minority". Iran & the Caucasus. 14 (1): 143–157. doi:10.1163/157338410X12743419189540. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703837.
Arraf, Jane (3 August 2021). "Iraq Reclaims 17,000 Looted Artifacts, Its Biggest-Ever Repatriation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

worldhistory.org

"Mesopotamian Inventions". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
"Mesopotamia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
"Akkad". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
"Neo-Assyrian Empire". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
Joshua J, Mark (2018). "Nebuchadnezzar II". World History Encyclopedia.

wsj.com

online.wsj.com

The Wall Street Journal(14 March 2014) "Iraq's Oil Output Surges to Highest Level in Over 30 Years". The Wall Street Journal.

youtube.com

AlJazeeraEnglish (29 July 2010). "Inside Story – Iraq's missing billions". YouTube. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2011.