Iraqis (English Wikipedia)

"الأردن يستضيف 3 ملايين شخص من 57 جنسية". قناة المملكة (in Arabic). 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2022.

arab-reform.net

Kadhum, Oula (26 July 2021). "The UK Iraqi Diaspora and their Mobilization towards Iraq". Arab Reform Initiative. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.

archive.org

Spencer, William (2000). Iraq: Old Land, New Nation in Conflict. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7613-1356-4. The Iraqi heritage is a proud one. Iraqi ancestors made such contributions to our modern world as a written language, agriculture and the growing of food crops, the building of cities and the urban environment, basic systems of government, and a religious structure centered on gods and goddesses guiding human affairs.
Spencer, William (2000). Iraq: Old Land, New Nation in Conflict. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7613-1356-4.

archive.today

"PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2016.

atour.com

"Cavalli-Sforza et al. Genetic tree of West Asia". Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Migrants from the Near East 'brought farming to Europe'". BBC. 10 November 2010. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

books.google.com

Office, Great Britain Foreign (1958). Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939. H.M. Stationery Office. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Office, Great Britain Foreign (1958). Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 719. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

britannica.com

"Iraq - Arabs". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2018.

census.gov

factfinder.census.gov

"PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea more information 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
"PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2016.

cia.gov

"Middle East :: Iraq — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
"Middle East :: Iraq — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
"Iraq". 15 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

constituteproject.org

"Iraq's Constitution" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.

creativecommons.org

Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.

destatis.de

"Ausländische Bevölkerung in den Jahren 2011 bis 2018" (PDF). statista (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.

doi.org

Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lazim, Hayder; Almohammed, Eida Khalaf; Hadi, Sibte; Smith, Judith (17 September 2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.
Muller-Kessler, Christa (July–September 2003). "Aramaic 'K', Lyk' and Mesopotamian Arabic 'Aku, Maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence". The Journal of the American Oriental Society. 123 (3): 641–646. doi:10.2307/3217756. JSTOR 3217756.
Al-Zahery; et al. (October 2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
Hayder Lazim; Eida Khalaf Almohammed; Sibte Hadi; Judith Smith (2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Nature. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.
Tubiana, Joseph (22 October 2012). "Siegbert Uhlig (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica. Volume 1". Aethiopica. 7: 194–211. doi:10.15460/aethiopica.7.1.294. ISSN 2194-4024.

europa.eu

europarl.europa.eu

"Minorities in Iraq: Pushed to the brink of existence" (PDF). European Parliament. February 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
"Minorities in Iraq: EU Research Service" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
"Minorities in Iraq: EU Research Service" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
"Minorities in Iraq - European Research Service" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
"Minorities in Iraq: EU Research Group" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.

euaa.europa.eu

"2.15. Religious and ethnic minorities, and stateless persons". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

familytreedna.com

"N. Al-Zahery et al. "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations" (2003)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lazim, Hayder; Almohammed, Eida Khalaf; Hadi, Sibte; Smith, Judith (17 September 2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.
Al-Zahery; et al. (October 2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
Hayder Lazim; Eida Khalaf Almohammed; Sibte Hadi; Judith Smith (2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Nature. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.

homeaffairs.gov.au

"Department of Home Affairs Website". www.homeaffairs.gov.au. Home Affairs. Retrieved 13 November 2024.

infomigrants.net

"العراقيون في لبنان.. لاجئون منسيون بانتظار "إعادة التوطين"". 6 January 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"Jews in Islamic Countries: Iraq". Archived from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2015.

joshuaproject.net

"Ethnic groups of Turkey". Joshua Project. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

jstor.org

Muller-Kessler, Christa (July–September 2003). "Aramaic 'K', Lyk' and Mesopotamian Arabic 'Aku, Maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence". The Journal of the American Oriental Society. 123 (3): 641–646. doi:10.2307/3217756. JSTOR 3217756.

krg.org

"The Kurdish language". KRG. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.

mongabay.com

"Country Profile: Iraq". Mongabay. 25 August 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

netnative.com

"500,000 Iraqis in Iran". Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lazim, Hayder; Almohammed, Eida Khalaf; Hadi, Sibte; Smith, Judith (17 September 2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.
Al-Zahery; et al. (October 2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
Hayder Lazim; Eida Khalaf Almohammed; Sibte Hadi; Judith Smith (2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Nature. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lazim, Hayder; Almohammed, Eida Khalaf; Hadi, Sibte; Smith, Judith (17 September 2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.
Al-Zahery; et al. (October 2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
Hayder Lazim; Eida Khalaf Almohammed; Sibte Hadi; Judith Smith (2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Nature. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.

nytimes.com

Farrell, Stephen (1 June 2008). "Baghdad Jews Have Become a Fearful Few". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

rudaw.net

"Iraq prepping to conduct a census in 2020". rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

scb.se

statistikdatabasen.scb.se

"Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2023". Retrieved 22 January 2025.

stat.fi

"Persons with foreign background". stat.fi. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2020.

statcan.gc.ca

www12.statcan.gc.ca

"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country]". www.statcan.gc.ca/en/start. Canada Statistics. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2024.

statistik.at

"Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit" [Population at the beginning of the year since 2002 by detailed nationality] (PDF). Statistics Austria (in German). 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.

sun-sentinel.com

Collie, Tim (2 March 2003). "JEWISH & IRAQI". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.

thenationalnews.com

"UAE Iraqis restricted by passport delays". 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2021.

time.com

Van Biema, David (27 July 2007). "The Last Jews of Baghdad". Time. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2010.

usip.org

"Religious Politics in Iraq". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

web.archive.org

Kadhum, Oula (26 July 2021). "The UK Iraqi Diaspora and their Mobilization towards Iraq". Arab Reform Initiative. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
"500,000 Iraqis in Iran". Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
HighBeam
Collie, Tim (2 March 2003). "JEWISH & IRAQI". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
"PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea more information 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
"Ausländische Bevölkerung in den Jahren 2011 bis 2018" (PDF). statista (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
"UAE Iraqis restricted by passport delays". 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
"الأردن يستضيف 3 ملايين شخص من 57 جنسية". قناة المملكة (in Arabic). 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
"Ethnic groups of Turkey". Joshua Project. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
"العراقيون في لبنان.. لاجئون منسيون بانتظار "إعادة التوطين"". 6 January 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
"Persons with foreign background". stat.fi. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
"Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit" [Population at the beginning of the year since 2002 by detailed nationality] (PDF). Statistics Austria (in German). 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
"Minorities in Iraq: Pushed to the brink of existence" (PDF). European Parliament. February 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
"Middle East :: Iraq — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
"Iraq - Arabs". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
Office, Great Britain Foreign (1958). Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939. H.M. Stationery Office. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"Minorities in Iraq: EU Research Service" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Office, Great Britain Foreign (1958). Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 719. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"Minorities in Iraq: EU Research Service" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Sanchez, Francisco del Rio. ""Influences of Aramaic on dialectal Arabic", in: Archaism and Innovation in the Semitic Languages. Selected papers". Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) ^{[verification needed]}
"Iraq's Constitution" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
"N. Al-Zahery et al. "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations" (2003)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
"Cavalli-Sforza et al. Genetic tree of West Asia". Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
"Migrants from the Near East 'brought farming to Europe'". BBC. 10 November 2010. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
"Country Profile: Iraq". Mongabay. 25 August 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
"The Kurdish language". KRG. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
"Middle East :: Iraq — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
"Iraq prepping to conduct a census in 2020". rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
"Minorities in Iraq - European Research Service" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
"Iraq". 15 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
"Minorities in Iraq: EU Research Group" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
Farrell, Stephen (1 June 2008). "Baghdad Jews Have Become a Fearful Few". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
Van Biema, David (27 July 2007). "The Last Jews of Baghdad". Time. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
"Jews in Islamic Countries: Iraq". Archived from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2015.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mitchell, T. F. (1990–1993). Pronouncing Arabic. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press. p. 37. ISBN 0198151519. OCLC 18020063.
Mitchell, T. F. (1990–1993). Pronouncing Arabic. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press. p. 37. ISBN 0198151519. OCLC 18020063.
Dogan, Serkan; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Tunc, Ramazan; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Ameen, Nihad Ahmed; Marjanovic, Damir (3 November 2017). "A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0187408. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287408D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187408. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5669434. PMID 29099847. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lazim, Hayder; Almohammed, Eida Khalaf; Hadi, Sibte; Smith, Judith (17 September 2020). "Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15289. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015289L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7499422. PMID 32943725.
Aramaic was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided scripts for writing. (1997). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East : Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Krotkoff, Georg., Afsaruddin, Asma, 1958-, Zahniser, A. H. Mathias, 1938-. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575065083. OCLC 747412055. ^{[verification needed]}
Tradition and modernity in Arabic language and literature. Smart, J. R., Shaban Memorial Conference (2nd : 1994 : University of Exeter). Richmond, Surrey, U.K. 16 December 2013. p. 253. ISBN 9781136788123. OCLC 865579151.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) ^{[verification needed]}
Tubiana, Joseph (22 October 2012). "Siegbert Uhlig (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica. Volume 1". Aethiopica. 7: 194–211. doi:10.15460/aethiopica.7.1.294. ISSN 2194-4024.

worldpopulationreview.com

"Iraq Population". worldpopulationreview.com. World Bank. Retrieved 27 January 2024.