Irritator (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Irritator" in English language version.

Last modified: 16:37:17, 15 September 2026 (UTC)

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Martill, D.M.; Cruickshank, A.R.I.; Frey, E.; Small, P.G.; Clarke, M. (1996). "A new crested maniraptoran dinosaur from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 153 (1): 5–8. Bibcode:1996JGSoc.153....5M. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.153.1.0005. S2CID 131339386.
Martill, David (1994). "Fake fossils from Brazil". Geology Today. 10 (3): 111–115. Bibcode:1994GeolT..10..111M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.1994.tb00882.x. ISSN 0266-6979.
Gibney, Elizabeth (March 4, 2014). "Brazil clamps down on illegal fossil trade". Nature. 507 (7490): 20. Bibcode:2014Natur.507...20G. doi:10.1038/507020a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 24598620.
Frey, E.; Martill, D.M. (1994). "A new Pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Aptian) of Brazil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2–3): 379–412. Bibcode:1994NJGPA.194..379F. doi:10.1127/njgpa/194/1994/379. S2CID 247538712.
Smyth, Robert S.H.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Martill, David M. (2020). "Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus: A reappraisal of African spinosaurines". Cretaceous Research. 114 104520. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404520S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520.
Sales, Marcos A.F.; Schultz, Cesar L. (November 6, 2017). "Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187070. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287070S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187070. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5673194. PMID 29107966.
Carrano, Matthew T.; Benson, Roger B.J.; Sampson, Scott D. (May 17, 2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 211–300. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..211C. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 85354215.
Kellner, A.W.A.; Campos, D.A. (1996). "First Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Brazil with comments on Spinosauridae". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 199 (2): 151–166. Bibcode:1996NJGPA.199..151K. doi:10.1127/njgpa/199/1996/151.
Sereno, P.C.; Beck, A.L.; Dutheuil, D.B.; Gado, B.; Larsson, H.C.; Lyon, G.H.; Marcot, J.D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Sadleir, R.W.; Sidor, C.A.; Varricchio, D.J.; Wilson, G.P.; Wilson, J. (1998). "A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids". Science. 282 (5392): 1298–1302. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1298S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1298. PMID 9812890.
Benyoucef, Madani; Läng, Emilie; Cavin, Lionel; Mebarki, Kaddour; Adaci, Mohammed; Bensalah, Mustapha (July 1, 2015). "Overabundance of piscivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) in the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa: The Algerian dilemma". Cretaceous Research. 55: 44–55. Bibcode:2015CrRes..55...44B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.002. ISSN 0195-6671.
Aureliano, Tito; Ghilardi, Aline M.; Buck, Pedro V.; Fabbri, Matteo; Samathi, Adun; Delcourt, Rafael; Fernandes, Marcelo A.; Sander, Martin (May 3, 2018). "Semi-aquatic adaptations in a spinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 90: 283–295. Bibcode:2018CrRes..90..283A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.024. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 134353898.
Hone, David William Elliott; Holtz, Thomas Richard (2017). "A Century of Spinosaurs – A Review and Revision of the Spinosauridae with Comments on Their Ecology". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 1120–1132. Bibcode:2017AcGlS..91.1120H. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13328. ISSN 1000-9515. S2CID 90952478.
Naish, D.; Martill, D.M.; Frey, E. (2004). "Ecology, Systematics and Biogeographical Relationships of Dinosaurs, Including a New Theropod, from the Santana Formation (?Albian, Early Cretaceous) of Brazil". Historical Biology. 16 (2–4): 57–70. Bibcode:2004HBio...16...57N. doi:10.1080/08912960410001674200. S2CID 18592288.
Lee, Yuong-Nam; Barsbold, Rinchen; Currie, Philip J.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lee, Hang-Jae; Godefroit, Pascal; Escuillié, François; Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar (2014). "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus". Nature. 515 (7526): 257–260. Bibcode:2014Natur.515..257L. doi:10.1038/nature13874. PMID 25337880. S2CID 2986017.
Xu, X.; Currie, P.; Pittman, M.; Xing, L.; Meng, Q.; Lü, J.; Hu, D.; Yu, C. (2017). "Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features". Nature Communications. 8 14972. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814972X. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972. PMC 5418581. PMID 28463233.
Benson, R. B. J.; Carrano, M. T.; Brusatte, S. L. (2009). "A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (1): 71–78. Bibcode:2010NW.....97...71B. doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0614-x. PMID 19826771. S2CID 22646156.
Cuff, Andrew R.; Rayfield, Emily J. (May 28, 2013). "Feeding Mechanics in Spinosaurid Theropods and Extant Crocodilians". PLoS ONE. 8 (5) e65295. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865295C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065295. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3665537. PMID 23724135.
Witton, Mark P. (2018). "Pterosaurs in Mesozoic food webs: a review of fossil evidence". In Hone, David W.E.; Witton, Mark P.; Martill, David M. (eds.). New Perspectives on Pterosaur Palaeobiology. Special Publications. Vol. 455. London: Geological Society. pp. 7–23. Bibcode:2018GSLSP.455....7W. doi:10.1144/SP455.3. ISBN 978-1-786-20336-6. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 90573936.
Buffetaut, E.; Martill, D.; Escuillié, F. (2004). "Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet". Nature. 430 (6995): 33. Bibcode:2004Natur.429...33B. doi:10.1038/430033a. PMID 15229562. S2CID 4398855.
Sales, Marcos A.F.; Lacerda, Marcel B.; Horn, Bruno L.D.; de Oliveira, Isabel A.P.; Schultz, Cesar L. (February 1, 2016). "The 'χ' of the Matter: Testing the Relationship between Paleoenvironments and Three Theropod Clades". PLOS ONE. 11 (2) e0147031. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1147031S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147031. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4734717. PMID 26829315.
Amiot, R.; Buffetaut, E.; Lécuyer, C.; Wang, X.; Boudad, L.; Ding, Z.; Fourel, F.; Hutt, S.; Martineau, F.; Medeiros, A.; Mo, J.; Simon, L.; Suteethorn, V.; Sweetman, S.; Tong, H.; Zhang, F.; Zhou, Z. (2010). "Oxygen isotope evidence for semi-aquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods". Geology. 38 (2): 139–142. Bibcode:2010Geo....38..139A. doi:10.1130/G30402.1.
Ibrahim, N.; Sereno, P.C.; Dal Sasso, C.; Maganuco, S.; Fabbri, M.; Martill, D.M.; Zouhri, S.; Myhrvold, N.; Iurino, D.A. (2014). "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur". Science. 345 (6204): 1613–1616. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1613I. doi:10.1126/science.1258750. PMID 25213375. S2CID 34421257.
Schade, M.; Rauhut, O. W. M.; Evers, S. W. (2020). "Neuroanatomy of the spinosaurid Irritator challengeri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) indicates potential adaptations for piscivory". Scientific Reports. 10 (9259): 1613–1616. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.9259S. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66261-w. PMC 7283278. PMID 32518236.
Kellner, A.W.A.; Campos, D.A. (2002). "The function of the cranial crest and jaws of a unique pterosaur from the early Cretaceous of Brazil" (PDF). Science. 297 (5580): 389–392. Bibcode:2002Sci...297..389K. doi:10.1126/science.1073186. PMID 12130783. S2CID 45430990.
Pêgas, R.V.; Costa, F.R.; Kellner, A.W.A. (2018). "New Information on the osteology and a taxonomic revision of the genus Thalassodromeus (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae, Thalassodrominae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (2) e1443273. Bibcode:2018JVPal..38E3273P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1443273. S2CID 90477315.
Mabesoone, J.M.; Tinoco, I.M. (October 1, 1973). "Palaeoecology of the Aptian Santana Formation (Northeastern Brazil)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 14 (2): 97–118. Bibcode:1973PPP....14...97M. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(73)90006-0. ISSN 0031-0182.
Martill, David; Frey, Eberhard; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Cruickshank, Arthur R.I. (February 9, 2011). "Skeletal remains of a small theropod dinosaur with associated soft structures from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation of NE Brazil". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 37 (6): 891–900. Bibcode:2000CaJES..37..891M. doi:10.1139/cjes-37-6-891. S2CID 128675089.
Martill, David M. (2011). "A new pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Santana Formation (Cretaceous) of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 32 (2): 236–243. Bibcode:2011CrRes..32..236M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.008.
Candeiro, Carlos Roberto A.; Cau, Andrea; Fanti, Federico; Nava, Willian R.; Novas, Fernando E. (October 1, 2012). "First evidence of an unenlagiid (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Bauru Group, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 37: 223–226. Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..223C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.04.001. hdl:11336/17153. ISSN 0195-6671.
Figueiredo, R.G.; Kellner, A.W.A. (2009). "A new crocodylomorph specimen from the Araripe Basin (Crato Member, Santana Formation), northeastern Brazil". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 323–331. Bibcode:2009PalZ...83..323F. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0016-6. S2CID 129166567.
Hirayama, Ren (1998). "Oldest known sea turtle". Nature. 392 (6677): 705–708. Bibcode:1998Natur.392..705H. doi:10.1038/33669. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 45417065.
Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (August 2014). "The Cretaceous (Cenomanian) continental record of the Laje do Coringa flagstone (Alcântara Formation), northeastern South America". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 53: 50–58. Bibcode:2014JSAES..53...50M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.04.002. ISSN 0895-9811.
Allain, Ronan; Xaisanavong, Tiengkham; Richir, Philippe; Khentavong, Bounsou (April 18, 2012). "The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos". Naturwissenschaften. 99 (5): 369–377. Bibcode:2012NW.....99..369A. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0911-7. ISSN 0028-1042. PMID 22528021. S2CID 2647367.
Cisneros, Juan Carlos; Raja, Nussaïbah B.; Ghilardi, Aline M.; Dunne, Emma M.; Pinheiro, Felipe L.; Regalado Fernández, Omar Rafael; Sales, Marcos A. F.; Rodríguez-de la Rosa, Rubén A.; Miranda-Martínez, Adriana Y.; González-Mora, Sergio; Bantim, Renan A. M.; de Lima, Flaviana J.; Pardo, Jason D. (March 2, 2022). "Digging deeper into colonial palaeontological practices in modern day Mexico and Brazil". Royal Society Open Science. 9 (3). 210898. Bibcode:2022RSOS....910898C. doi:10.1098/rsos.210898. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 8889171. PMID 35291323.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Susanna, Davidson; Turnbull, Stephanie; Firth, Rachel (2005). The Usborne Internet-linked World atlas of dinosaurs. Slane, Andrea (designer); Rey, Luis V. (illustrator); Naish, Darren (consultant); Martill, David M. (consultant). Scholastic Inc. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-439-81840-7. OCLC 62384519.
Malam, John; Parker, Steve (2007). Encyclopedia of dinosaurs. Parragon Publishing. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-4054-9923-1. OCLC 227315325.
Lessem, Don (2004). Scholastic dinosaurs A to Z: the ultimate dinosaur encyclopedia. Sovak, Jan (illustrator). Scholastic. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-439-67866-7. OCLC 63835422.
Dixon, Dougal (2009). The ultimate guide to dinosaurs (North American ed.). Ticktock. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-84696-988-1. OCLC 428131451.
Paul, G.S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press. p. 87.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Kellner, A.W.A. (1996). "Remarks on Brazilian dinosaurs". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 39 (3): 611–626. Archived from the original on October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
Gaffney, Eugene S.; de Almeida Campos, Diogenes; Hirayama, Ren (February 27, 2001). "Cearachelys, a New Side-necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil". American Museum Novitates (3319): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)319<0001:CANSNT>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2936. S2CID 59449305.

biostor.org (Global: 8,163^rd place; English: 5,463^rd place)

Charig, A.J.; Milner, A.C. (1997). "Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey". Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London. 53 (1): 11–70. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2018.

bundesregierung.de (Global: 6,004^th place; English: low place)

"Joint Declaration 3rd German-Brazilian Intergovernmental Consultations" (PDF). April 20, 2026. Retrieved April 21, 2026.

diplomatique.org.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

Machado Haertel, Letícia (May 11, 2026). "O retorno do fóssil Irritator challengeri e o poder da linguagem em disputas internacionais". Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved June 13, 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Machado, E.B.; Kellner, A.W.A. (2005). "Notas Sobre Spinosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria)". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências (in Portuguese). 28 (1): 158–173. doi:10.11137/2005_1_158-173. ISSN 0101-9759.
Martill, D.M.; Cruickshank, A.R.I.; Frey, E.; Small, P.G.; Clarke, M. (1996). "A new crested maniraptoran dinosaur from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 153 (1): 5–8. Bibcode:1996JGSoc.153....5M. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.153.1.0005. S2CID 131339386.
Sues, H.D.; Frey, E.; Martill, D.M.; Scott, D.M. (2002). "Irritator challengeri, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 535–547. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0535:ICASDT]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 131050889.
Martill, David (1994). "Fake fossils from Brazil". Geology Today. 10 (3): 111–115. Bibcode:1994GeolT..10..111M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.1994.tb00882.x. ISSN 0266-6979.
Gibney, Elizabeth (March 4, 2014). "Brazil clamps down on illegal fossil trade". Nature. 507 (7490): 20. Bibcode:2014Natur.507...20G. doi:10.1038/507020a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 24598620.
Frey, E.; Martill, D.M. (1994). "A new Pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Aptian) of Brazil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2–3): 379–412. Bibcode:1994NJGPA.194..379F. doi:10.1127/njgpa/194/1994/379. S2CID 247538712.
Smyth, Robert S.H.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Martill, David M. (2020). "Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus: A reappraisal of African spinosaurines". Cretaceous Research. 114 104520. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404520S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520.
Sales, Marcos A.F.; Schultz, Cesar L. (November 6, 2017). "Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187070. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287070S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187070. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5673194. PMID 29107966.
Carrano, Matthew T.; Benson, Roger B.J.; Sampson, Scott D. (May 17, 2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 211–300. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..211C. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 85354215.
Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Maganuco, Simone; Buffetaut, Eric; Mendez, Marco A. (December 30, 2005). "New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 888–896. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0888:niotso]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 85702490.
Kellner, A.W.A.; Campos, D.A. (1996). "First Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Brazil with comments on Spinosauridae". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 199 (2): 151–166. Bibcode:1996NJGPA.199..151K. doi:10.1127/njgpa/199/1996/151.
Sereno, P.C.; Beck, A.L.; Dutheuil, D.B.; Gado, B.; Larsson, H.C.; Lyon, G.H.; Marcot, J.D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Sadleir, R.W.; Sidor, C.A.; Varricchio, D.J.; Wilson, G.P.; Wilson, J. (1998). "A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids". Science. 282 (5392): 1298–1302. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1298S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1298. PMID 9812890.
Buffetaut, E.; Ouaja, M. (2002). "A new specimen of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia, with remarks on the evolutionary history of the Spinosauridae" (PDF). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 173 (5): 415–421. doi:10.2113/173.5.415. hdl:2042/216. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
Benyoucef, Madani; Läng, Emilie; Cavin, Lionel; Mebarki, Kaddour; Adaci, Mohammed; Bensalah, Mustapha (July 1, 2015). "Overabundance of piscivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) in the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa: The Algerian dilemma". Cretaceous Research. 55: 44–55. Bibcode:2015CrRes..55...44B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.002. ISSN 0195-6671.
Kellner, A.W.A.; Campos, D.A. (2000). "Brief review of dinosaur studies and perspectives in Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 72 (4): 509–538. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652000000400005. PMID 11151018.
Schade, Marco; Rauhut, Oliver; Foth, Christian; Moleman, Olof; Evers, Serjoscha (2023). "A reappraisal of the cranial and mandibular osteology of the spinosaurid Irritator challengeri (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 26 (2). a17. doi:10.26879/1242. S2CID 258649428.
Aureliano, Tito; Ghilardi, Aline M.; Buck, Pedro V.; Fabbri, Matteo; Samathi, Adun; Delcourt, Rafael; Fernandes, Marcelo A.; Sander, Martin (May 3, 2018). "Semi-aquatic adaptations in a spinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 90: 283–295. Bibcode:2018CrRes..90..283A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.024. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 134353898.
Kellner, A.W.A. (2001). "New information on the theropod dinosaurs from the Santana Formation (Aptian-Albian), Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (suppl. to 3): 67A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852.
Sayão, Juliana; Saraiva, Antonio; Silva, Helder; Kellner, Alexander (2011). "A new theropod dinosaur from the Romualdo Lagerstatte (Aptian-Albian), Araripe Basin, Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (suppl. to 2): 187. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.10635174.
Kellner, Alexander W.A.; Azevedo, Sergio A.K.; Machado, Elaine B.; Carvalho, Luciana B.; Henriques, Deise D.R. (2011). "A new dinosaur (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Cajual Island, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 99–108. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100006. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437377. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
Hone, David William Elliott; Holtz, Thomas Richard (2017). "A Century of Spinosaurs – A Review and Revision of the Spinosauridae with Comments on Their Ecology". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 1120–1132. Bibcode:2017AcGlS..91.1120H. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13328. ISSN 1000-9515. S2CID 90952478.
Rayfield, Emily J.; Milner, Angela C.; Xuan, Viet Bui; Young, Philippe G. (December 12, 2007). "Functional morphology of spinosaur 'crocodile-mimic' dinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 892–901. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[892:fmoscd]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 85854809.
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