Isaac Newton (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Isaac Newton" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

62web.archive.org

1^st place

61books.google.com

3^rd place

57archive.org

6^th place

33doi.org

2^nd place

18worldcat.org

5^th place

9harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

9jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

5gutenberg.org

489^th place

377^th place

5cam.ac.uk

670^th place

480^th place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4nih.gov

4^th place

3tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

3arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

3newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

3royalsociety.org

2,415^th place

2,060^th place

2stanford.edu

179^th place

183^rd place

2wikisource.org

27^th place

51^st place

2sussex.ac.uk

6,651^st place

4,464^th place

2aip.org

2,204^th place

1,735^th place

2oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

2royalsocietypublishing.org

1,993^rd place

3,231^st place

2archive.today

14^th place

2indiana.edu

2,113^th place

1,465^th place

2westminster-abbey.org

4,424^th place

3,507^th place

2bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

2ufl.edu

921^st place

644^th place

1wikimedia.org

low place

1oxforddnb.com

284^th place

187^th place

1chlt.org

low place

1bigthink.com

6,931^st place

4,746^th place

1tunablelasers.com

low place

1inc.com

1,994^th place

1,215^th place

1ams.org

451^st place

277^th place

1stephenhuggett.com

low place

1motherjones.com

2,008^th place

1,197^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

1otago.ac.nz

low place

7,531^st place

1scielo.org.mx

4,508^th place

low place

1google.de

2,106^th place

low place

1pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1telegraph.co.uk

30^th place

24^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

1npr.org

92^nd place

72^nd place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1aps.org

1,503^rd place

1,378^th place

1pierre-marteau.com

low place

1gatech.edu

4,448^th place

2,923^rd place

1uwyo.edu

low place

7,278^th place

1online-literature.com

8,948^th place

6,220^th place

1thegazette.co.uk

200^th place

141^st place

1wolfram.com

513^th place

537^th place

1wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1huntington.org

low place

1cdlib.org

2,268^th place

1,400^th place

1hsp.org

low place

1rice.edu

3,843^rd place

2,772^nd place

1blakearchive.org

low place

1haydenplanetarium.org

low place

1st-andrews.ac.uk

1,547^th place

1,410^th place

1sciencehistory.org

3,963^rd place

2,357^th place

1neh.gov

7,544^th place

4,422^nd place

1nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

296^th place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1time.com

61^st place

54^th place

1oxfordbibliographies.com

6,465^th place

4,591^st place

1smh.com.au

132^nd place

96^th place

1physicsworld.com

6,140^th place

4,691^st place

1abc.net.au

139^th place

108^th place

1varsity.co.uk

low place

7,624^th place

1ox.ac.uk

613^th place

456^th place

1brogdale.org

low place

1nationalfruitcollection.org.uk

low place

1bankofengland.co.uk

5,372^nd place

3,593^rd place

1HistoricEngland.org.uk

low place

1museumoflondon.org.uk

low place

1bnf.fr

124^th place

544^th place

1maa.org

3,479^th place

2,444^th place

HistoricEngland.org.uk

Historic England. "Woolsthorpe Manor House, Colsterworth (1062362)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 October 2021.

abc.net.au

"Newton beats Einstein in new poll". www.abc.net.au. 24 November 2005. Retrieved 11 September 2024.

aip.org

pubs.aip.org

Donnelly, Russell J. (1 November 1991). "Taylor-Couette Flow: The Early Days". Physics Today. 44 (11): 32–39. Bibcode:1991PhT....44k..32D. doi:10.1063/1.881296. ISSN 0031-9228.
Mitra, Asoke (1 November 2006). "New Einsteins need positive environment, independent spirit". Physics Today. 59 (11): 12. Bibcode:2006PhT....59k..12M. doi:10.1063/1.4797321. ISSN 0031-9228.

ams.org

mathscinet.ams.org

Bloye, Nicole; Huggett, Stephen (2011). "Newton, the geometer" (PDF). Newsletter of the European Mathematical Society (82): 19–27. MR 2896438. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.

aps.org

"This Month in Physics History". www.aps.org. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

archive.org

More, Louis Trenchard (1934). Isaac Newton: A Biography. Dover Publications. p. 327.
Westfall 1980, p. 55. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1994, pp. 16–19. Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
Westfall 1994, pp. 64. Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
Westfall 1980, pp. 60–62. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, pp. 71, 103. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
More, Louis Trenchard (1934). Isaac Newton: A Biography. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 41.
Westfall 1980, p. 178. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, p. 179. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, pp. 330–331. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Ackroyd, Peter (2007). Isaac Newton. Brief Lives. London: Vintage Books. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-0-09-928738-4.
Westfall 1994, pp. 252. Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
Ball 1908, p. 319. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Newton, Isaac (1967). "The October 1666 tract on fluxions". In Whiteside, Derek Thomas (ed.). The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton Volume 1 from 1664 to 1666. Cambridge University Press. p. 400. ISBN 978-0-521-05817-9.
Newman, James Roy (1956). The World of Mathematics: A Small Library of the Literature of Mathematics from Aʻh-mosé the Scribe to Albert Einstein. Simon and Schuster. p. 58.
Hall 1980, pp. 1, 15, 21. Hall, Alfred Rupert (1980). Philosophers at War: The Quarrel Between Newton and Leibniz. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22732-2.
Hall 1980, pp. 15, 21. Hall, Alfred Rupert (1980). Philosophers at War: The Quarrel Between Newton and Leibniz. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22732-2.
Hall 1980, p. 30. Hall, Alfred Rupert (1980). Philosophers at War: The Quarrel Between Newton and Leibniz. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22732-2.
Hall 1980, p. 136. Hall, Alfred Rupert (1980). Philosophers at War: The Quarrel Between Newton and Leibniz. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22732-2.
Truesdell, Clifford (1968). Essays in the History of Mechanics. Springer-Verlag. p. 99.
Westfall 1980, pp. 538–539. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1994, p. 108. Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
Ball 1908, p. 356. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Whittaker, E. T. (1910). A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century. Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 15–16.
Ball 1908, p. 324. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Ball 1908, p. 325. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Hall, Alfred Rupert (1996). Isaac Newton: Adventurer in thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-521-56221-8.
Inwood, Stephen (2003). The Forgotten Genius. San Francisco: MacAdam/Cage Pub. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-1-931561-56-3. OCLC 53006741.
Westfall, Richard S. (1983) [1980]. Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Struik, Dirk J. (1948). A Concise History of Mathematics. Dover Publications. pp. 151, 154.
Westfall 1980, pp. 391–392. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Text quotations are from 1729 translation of Newton's Principia, Book 3 (1729 vol.2) at pp. 232–33 [233].
Westfall 1980, Chapter 11. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Carpi, Anthony; Egger, Anne E. (2011). The Process of Science (Revised ed.). Visionlearning. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-1-257-96132-0.
Wagner, Anthony (1972). Historic Heraldry of Britain (2nd ed.). London and Chichester: Phillimore. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-85033-022-9.; and Genealogical Memoranda Relating to the Family of Newton. London: Taylor and Co. 1871.
"The Queen's 'great Assistance' to Newton's election was his knighting, an honor bestowed not for his contributions to science, nor for his service at the Mint, but for the greater glory of party politics in the election of 1705." Westfall 1994, p. 245 Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
On the Value of Gold and Silver in European Currencies and the Consequences on the Worldwide Gold- and Silver-Trade Archived 6 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Sir Isaac Newton, 21 September 1717; "By The King, A Proclamation Declaring the Rates at which Gold shall be current in Payments". Royal Numismatic Society. V. April 1842 – January 1843.
Westfall 1980, p. 848-49. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, p. 44. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, p. 595. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Voltaire (1894). "14". Letters on England. Cassell. p. 100.
Westfall 1980, pp. 493–497 on the friendship with Fatio, pp. 531–540 on Newton's breakdown. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Manuel 1968, p. 219. Manuel, Frank E. (1968). A Portrait of Isaac Newton. Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Westfall 1980, p. 315. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, p. 321. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1980, pp. 331–34. Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27435-7.
Westfall 1994, p. 124. Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
Alexander, H. G. (1956). The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence. Manchester University Press. p. 11.
Jacob, Margaret C. (1976). The Newtonians and the English Revolution: 1689–1720. Cornell University Press. pp. 37, 44. ISBN 978-0-85527-066-7.
Westfall, Richard S. (1970). Science and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-208-00843-5.
Simmons, John G. (1996). The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present. Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8065-1749-0.
Turner, Jonathan H.; Beeghley, Leonard; Powers, Charles H. (1989). The Emergence of Sociological Theory (2nd ed.). Dorsey Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-256-06208-3.
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1974). McGuinness, Brian (ed.). Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems: Selected Writings. Springer Netherlands. p. 157. ISBN 978-90-277-0250-0.
Westfall 1994, p. 282. Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47737-6.
Davis, Donald M. (1993). The Nature and Power of Mathematics. Princeton University Press. pp. 15, 92, 366. ISBN 0-691-08783-0.
Malament, David B. (2002). Reading Natural Philosophy: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science and Mathematics. Open Court Publishing. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-0-8126-9507-6.
Gribbin, John (2002). Science: A History; 1543–2001. London: Allen Lane. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-7139-9503-9.

archive.today

"Sir Isaac Newton's Unpublished Manuscripts Explain Connections He Made Between Alchemy and Economics". Georgia Tech Research News. 12 September 2006. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
"Newton's apple: The real story". New Scientist. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.

arxiv.org

Błaszczyk, P.; et al. (March 2013). "Ten misconceptions from the history of analysis and their debunking". Foundations of Science. 18 (1): 43–74. arXiv:1202.4153. doi:10.1007/s10699-012-9285-8. S2CID 119134151.
Ferguson, James (2004). "A Brief Survey of the History of the Calculus of Variations and its Applications". arXiv:math/0402357.
Hamilton, George; Disharoon, Zachary; Sanabria, Hugo (July–December 2018). "Revisiting viscosity from the macroscopic to nanoscale regimes". Revista mexicana de física E. 64 (2): 222–231. arXiv:1804.04028. doi:10.31349/RevMexFisE.64.222.

bankofengland.co.uk

"Withdrawn banknotes reference guide". Bank of England. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2009.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Opinion poll. Einstein voted 'greatest physicist ever' by leading physicists; Newton runner-up". BBC News. 29 November 1999. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
"Newton voted greatest Briton". BBC News. 13 August 2003. Retrieved 22 November 2024.

bigthink.com

Alex, Berezow (4 February 2022). "Who was the smartest person in the world?". Big Think. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.

blakearchive.org

"Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"". William Blake Archive. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Newton, Isaac (1704). Opticks or, a Treatise of the reflexions, refractions, inflexions and colours of light. Also two treatises of the species and magnitude of curvilinear figures. Sam. Smith. and Benj. Walford. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2018.

books.google.com

Matthews, Michael R. (2000). Time for Science Education: How Teaching the History and Philosophy of Pendulum Motion Can Contribute to Science Literacy. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-306-45880-4.
Klaus Mainzer (2 December 2013). Symmetries of Nature: A Handbook for Philosophy of Nature and Science. Walter de Gruyter. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-11-088693-1.
Schuchard, Margret (2008). "Notes On Geographia Generalis And Its Introduction To England And North America". In Schuchard, Margret (ed.). Bernhard Varenius (1622–1650). Brill. pp. 227–237. ISBN 978-90-04-16363-8. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
Press, S. James; Tanur, Judith M. (2016). The Subjectivity of Scientists and the Bayesian Approach. Dover Publications, Inc. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-486-80284-8.
Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (1980). From the Calculus to Set Theory 1630-1910: An Introductory History. Princeton University Press. pp. 4, 49–51. ISBN 978-0-691-07082-7.
H. Jerome Keisler (2013). Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach (3rd ed.). Dover Publications. p. 903. ISBN 978-0-486-31046-6.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton – Innovation And Controversy. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9781786344045.
Newton, Principia, 1729 English translation, p. 41 Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Newton, Principia, 1729 English translation, p. 54 Archived 3 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Newton, Sir Isaac (1850). Newton's Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Geo. P. Putnam. pp. 506–507.
Starting with De motu corporum in gyrum, see also (Latin) Theorem 1 Archived 12 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Roy, Ranjan (2021). Series and Products in the Development of Mathematics. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-1-108-70945-3.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and the Great World System. World Scientific Publishing. p. 45. doi:10.1142/q0108. ISBN 978-1-78634-372-7.
Goldstine, Herman H. (1980). A History of the Calculus of Variations from the 17th Through the 19th Century. Springer New York. pp. 7–21. ISBN 978-1-4613-8106-8.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and the Great World System. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 36–39. doi:10.1142/q0108. ISBN 978-1-78634-372-7.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and the Great World System. World Scientific Publishing. p. 26. doi:10.1142/q0108. ISBN 978-1-78634-372-7.
King, Henry (1955). The History of the Telescope. Charles Griffin & Co. p. 74. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1979 & 2003, ISBN 978-0-486-43265-6
Darrigol, Olivier (2012). A History of Optics from Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-964437-7.
Buchwald, Jed Z.; Feingold, Mordechai (2013). Newton and the Origin of Civilization. Princeton University Press. pp. 90–93, 101–103. ISBN 978-0-691-15478-7.
Finkelstein, David Ritz (1996). Quantum Relativity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 156, 169–170. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60936-7. ISBN 978-3-642-64612-6.
Bacciagaluppi, Guido; Valentini, Antony (2009). Quantum Theory at the Crossroads: Reconsidering the 1927 Solvay Conference. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-521-81421-8. OCLC 227191829.
Allison B. Kaufman; James C. Kaufman (2019). Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science. MIT Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-262-53704-9.
Márcia Lemos (2017). Exchanges between Literature and Science from the 1800s to the 2000s: Converging Realms. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4438-7605-6.
Bochner, Salomon (1981). Role of Mathematics in the Rise of Science. Princeton University Press. pp. 221, 347. ISBN 978-0-691-08028-4.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton – Innovation And Controversy. World Scientific Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 9781786344045.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton – Innovation And Controversy. World Scientific Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 9781786344045.
Schmitz, Kenneth S. (2018). Physical Chemistry: Multidisciplinary Applications in Society. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-12-800599-6. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
Musielak, Zdzislaw; Quarles, Billy (2017). Three Body Dynamics and Its Applications to Exoplanets. Springer International Publishing. p. 3. Bibcode:2017tbdi.book.....M. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58226-9. ISBN 978-3-319-58225-2.
Brewster, David (1860). Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton. Edmonston and Douglas. p. 108.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton – Innovation And Controversy. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9781786344045.
See Curtis Wilson, "The Newtonian achievement in astronomy", pp. 233–274 in R Taton & C Wilson (eds) (1989) The General History of Astronomy, Volume, 2A', at p. 233 Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Bix, Robert (2006). Conics and Cubics: A Concrete Introduction to Algebraic Curves (2nd ed.). Springer. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-387-31802-8.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton – Innovation And Controversy. World Scientific Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 9781786344045.
Nik Mohd, Nik Ahmad Ridhwan; Mat, Shabudin, eds. (2024). Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Aeronautics and Energy: ISAE 2022. Springer. p. 198. ISBN 978-981-99-6874-9.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton And Modern Physics. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 50–55. ISBN 978-1-78634-332-1.
Newton, Isaac (1782). Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae exstant omnia. London: Joannes Nichols. pp. 436–37. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
Newman, William R. (2018). Newton the Alchemist Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire". Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17487-7.
Andrade, Edward (2000). "Isaac Newton". In Newman, James R. (ed.). The World of Mathematics: Volume 1 (Reprint ed.). Dover Publications. p. 275. ISBN 9780486411538.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and Modern Physics. World Scientific Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-78634-332-1.
Schmidt, Claudia M. (2003). David Hume: Reason in History. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-0-271-02264-2.
Hayes, Kevin J. (2012). The Road to Monticello: The Life and Mind of Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-19-989583-0.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton And Modern Physics. World Scientific. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-1-78634-332-1.
Pask, Colin (2013). Magnificent Principia: Exploring Isaac Newton's Masterpiece. Prometheus Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-61614-746-4.
Ball, W. W. Rouse (1915). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (6th ed.). Macmillan & Co. p. 352.
Andrade, Edward (2000). "Isaac Newton". In Newman, James R. (ed.). The World of Mathematics: Volume 1 (Reprint ed.). Dover Publications. pp. 255, 275. ISBN 9780486411538.
King, Edmund Fillingham (1858). A Biographical Sketch of Sir Isaac Newton (2nd ed.). S. Ridge & Son. p. 97.
Schorling, Raleigh; Reeve, William David (1919). General Mathematics. Ginn & Company. p. 418.
Bell, Eric Temple (2000). "Gauss, the Prince of Mathematicians". In Newman, James R. (ed.). The World of Mathematics: Volume 1 (Reprint ed.). Dover Publications. pp. 294–295. ISBN 9780486411538.
Dunnington, Guy Waldo (2004). Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science. Mathematical Association of America. pp. 57, 232. ISBN 978-0-88385-547-8.
Pask, Colin (2013). Magnificent Principia: Exploring Isaac Newton's Masterpiece. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-61614-746-4.
Goldberg, Elkhonon (2018). Creativity: The Human Brain in the Age of Innovation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-19-046649-7.
Numbers 2015, pp. 48–56. Numbers, R. L. (2015). Newton's Apple and Other Myths about Science. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-91547-3. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
Voltaire (1727). An Essay upon the Civil Wars of France, extracted from curious Manuscripts and also upon the Epick Poetry of the European Nations, from Homer down to Milton. London, England: Samuel Jallasson. p. 104. From p. 104: 'In the like Manner Pythagoras ow'd the Invention of Musik to the noise of the Hammer of a Blacksmith. And thus in our Days Sir Isaak Newton walking in his Garden had the first Thought of his System of Gravitation, upon seeing an apple falling from a Tree.'
Voltaire (1786) heard the story of Newton and the apple tree from Newton's niece, Catherine Conduit (née Barton) (1679–1740): Voltaire (1786). Oeuvres completes de Voltaire [The complete works of Voltaire] (in French). Vol. 31. Basel, Switzerland: Jean-Jacques Tourneisen. p. 175. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021. From p. 175: "Un jour en l'année 1666, Newton retiré à la campagne, et voyant tomber des fruits d'un arbre, à ce que m'a conté sa nièce, (Mme Conduit) se laissa aller à une méditation profonde sur la cause qui entraine ainsi tous les corps dans une ligne, qui, si elle était prolongée, passerait à peu près par le centre de la terre." (One day in the year 1666 Newton withdrew to the country, and seeing the fruits of a tree fall, according to what his niece (Madame Conduit) told me, he entered into a deep meditation on the cause that draws all bodies in a [straight] line, which, if it were extended, would pass very near to the center of the Earth.)
Berkun, Scott (2010). The Myths of Innovation. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4493-8962-8. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Mart́ínez, Alberto A. (2011). Science Secrets: The Truth about Darwin's Finches, Einstein's Wife, and Other Myths. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8229-4407-2. OCLC 682895134.
Wilson, David B. (2009). Seeking Nature's Logic: Natural Philosophy in the Scottish Enlightenment. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 213–215. ISBN 978-0-271-03525-3. OCLC 276712924.
Anders Hald 2003 – A history of probability and statistics and their applications before 1750 – 586 pages Volume 501 of Wiley series in probability and statistics Wiley-IEEE, 2003 Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2012 ISBN 0-471-47129-1
Whiteside, D.T., ed. (1974). Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, 1684–1691. 6. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–91. Archived 10 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Published anonymously as "Scala graduum Caloris. Calorum Descriptiones & signa." in Philosophical Transactions, 1701, 824 Archived 21 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine–829; ed. Joannes Nichols, Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae exstant omnia, vol. 4 (1782), 403 Archived 17 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine–407. Mark P. Silverman, A Universe of Atoms, An Atom in the Universe, Springer, 2002, p. 49. Archived 24 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Pickover, Clifford (2008). Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them. Oxford University Press. pp. 117–18. ISBN 978-0-19-979268-9. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2018.

britannica.com

"Isaac Newton". www.britannica.com. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2025.

brogdale.org

"Brogdale – Home of the National Fruit Collection". Brogdale.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2008.

cam.ac.uk

cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk

Newton, Isaac. "Waste Book". Cambridge University Digital Library. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Newton, Isaac. "Hydrostatics, Optics, Sound and Heat". Cambridge University Digital Library. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Newton, Isaac. "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica". Cambridge University Digital Library. pp. 265–66. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.

venn.lib.cam.ac.uk

"Newton, Isaac (NWTN661I)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

janus.lib.cam.ac.uk

"Duillier, Nicholas Fatio de (1664–1753) mathematician and natural philosopher". Janus database. Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.

cdlib.org

oac.cdlib.org

"Collection Guide: Fatio de Duillier, Nicolas [Letters to Isaac Newton]". Online Archive of California. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.

chlt.org

"Dictionary of Scientific Biography". Notes, No. 4. Archived from the original on 25 February 2005.

doi.org

Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.
Duarte, F. J. (2000). "Newton, prisms, and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers" (PDF). Optics and Photonics News. 11 (5): 24–25. Bibcode:2000OptPN..11...24D. doi:10.1364/OPN.11.5.000024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Cheng, K. C.; Fujii, T. (1998). "Isaac Newton and Heat Transfer". Heat Transfer Engineering. 19 (4): 9–21. doi:10.1080/01457639808939932. ISSN 0145-7632.
Storr, Anthony (December 1985). "Isaac Newton". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 291 (6511): 1779–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6511.1779. JSTOR 29521701. PMC 1419183. PMID 3936583.
Keynes, Milo (20 September 2008). "Balancing Newton's Mind: His Singular Behaviour and His Madness of 1692–93". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 62 (3): 289–300. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2007.0025. JSTOR 20462679. PMID 19244857.
Warntz, William (1989). "Newton, the Newtonians, and the Geographia Generalis Varenii". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 79 (2): 165–191. doi:10.2307/621272. JSTOR 621272. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
Baker, J. N. L. (1955). "The Geography of Bernhard Varenius". Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers). 21 (21): 51–60. doi:10.2307/621272. JSTOR 621272.
Palomo, Miguel (2 January 2021). "New insight into the origins of the calculus war". Annals of Science. 78 (1): 22–40. doi:10.1080/00033790.2020.1794038. ISSN 0003-3790. PMID 32684104.
Iliffe & Smith 2016, p. 414. Iliffe, Rob; Smith, George E., eds. (2016). The Cambridge Companion to Newton (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cco9781139058568. ISBN 978-1-139-05856-8.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and the Great World System. World Scientific Publishing. p. 45. doi:10.1142/q0108. ISBN 978-1-78634-372-7.
Iliffe & Smith 2016, pp. 382–394, 411. Iliffe, Rob; Smith, George E., eds. (2016). The Cambridge Companion to Newton (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cco9781139058568. ISBN 978-1-139-05856-8.
Błaszczyk, P.; et al. (March 2013). "Ten misconceptions from the history of analysis and their debunking". Foundations of Science. 18 (1): 43–74. arXiv:1202.4153. doi:10.1007/s10699-012-9285-8. S2CID 119134151.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and the Great World System. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 36–39. doi:10.1142/q0108. ISBN 978-1-78634-372-7.
Rowlands, Peter (2017). Newton and the Great World System. World Scientific Publishing. p. 26. doi:10.1142/q0108. ISBN 978-1-78634-372-7.
Marriott, F.H.C. (1962). "Colour Vision: Introduction". The Visual Process. Academic Press. pp. 219–229. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3089-4.50021-2.
Finkelstein, David Ritz (1996). Quantum Relativity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 156, 169–170. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60936-7. ISBN 978-3-642-64612-6.
Dobbs, J. T. (December 1982). "Newton's Alchemy and His Theory of Matter". Isis. 73 (4): 523. doi:10.1086/353114. S2CID 170669199. quoting Opticks
Ul Haq, Iqra Zia; Syed, Aqeel A.; Naqvi, Qaisar Abbas (2020). "Observing the Goos–Hänchen shift in non-integer dimensional medium". Optik. 206 164071. Bibcode:2020Optik.20664071U. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164071.
Musielak, Zdzislaw; Quarles, Billy (2017). Three Body Dynamics and Its Applications to Exoplanets. Springer International Publishing. p. 3. Bibcode:2017tbdi.book.....M. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58226-9. ISBN 978-3-319-58225-2.
Simms, D. L. (2004). "Newton's Contribution to the Science of Heat". Annals of Science. 61 (1): 33–77. doi:10.1080/00033790210123810. ISSN 0003-3790.
Hamilton, George; Disharoon, Zachary; Sanabria, Hugo (July–December 2018). "Revisiting viscosity from the macroscopic to nanoscale regimes". Revista mexicana de física E. 64 (2): 222–231. arXiv:1804.04028. doi:10.31349/RevMexFisE.64.222.
Donnelly, Russell J. (1 November 1991). "Taylor-Couette Flow: The Early Days". Physics Today. 44 (11): 32–39. Bibcode:1991PhT....44k..32D. doi:10.1063/1.881296. ISSN 0031-9228.
Belenkiy, Ari (1 February 2013). "The Master of the Royal Mint: How Much Money did Isaac Newton Save Britain?". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society. 176 (2): 481–498. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. ISSN 0964-1998.
Marples, Alice (20 September 2022). "The science of money: Isaac Newton's mastering of the Mint". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 76 (3): 507–525. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2021.0033. ISSN 0035-9149.
Fay, C. R. (1 January 1935). "Newton and the Gold Standard". Cambridge Historical Journal. 5 (1): 109–17. doi:10.1017/S1474691300001256. JSTOR 3020836.
Odlyzko, Andrew (20 March 2019). "Newton's financial misadventures in the South Sea Bubble". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 73 (1): 29–59. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2018.0018. ISSN 0035-9149.
Snobelen, Stephen D. (December 1999). "Isaac Newton, heretic: the strategies of a Nicodemite". The British Journal for the History of Science. 32 (4): 381–419. doi:10.1017/S0007087499003751. JSTOR 4027945. S2CID 145208136.
Jeans, J. H. (26 March 1927). "Isaac Newton". Nature. 119 (2995supp): 28–30. doi:10.1038/119028a0x. ISSN 0028-0836.
Iliffe & Smith 2016, pp. 1, 4, 12–16. Iliffe, Rob; Smith, George E., eds. (2016). The Cambridge Companion to Newton (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cco9781139058568. ISBN 978-1-139-05856-8.
Snobelen, Stephen D. (24 February 2021). "Isaac Newton". Renaissance and Reformation. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195399301-0462. ISBN 978-0-19-539930-1. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
Iliffe & Smith 2016, p. 30. Iliffe, Rob; Smith, George E., eds. (2016). The Cambridge Companion to Newton (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cco9781139058568. ISBN 978-1-139-05856-8.
Iliffe & Smith 2016, pp. 15–16. Iliffe, Rob; Smith, George E., eds. (2016). The Cambridge Companion to Newton (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cco9781139058568. ISBN 978-1-139-05856-8.
Mitra, Asoke (1 November 2006). "New Einsteins need positive environment, independent spirit". Physics Today. 59 (11): 12. Bibcode:2006PhT....59k..12M. doi:10.1063/1.4797321. ISSN 0031-9228.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Ul Haq, Iqra Zia; Syed, Aqeel A.; Naqvi, Qaisar Abbas (2020). "Observing the Goos–Hänchen shift in non-integer dimensional medium". Optik. 206 164071. Bibcode:2020Optik.20664071U. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164071.

gatech.edu

gtresearchnews.gatech.edu

"Sir Isaac Newton's Unpublished Manuscripts Explain Connections He Made Between Alchemy and Economics". Georgia Tech Research News. 12 September 2006. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

ghostarchive.org

Sawer, Patrick (6 September 2016). "What students should avoid during fresher's week (100 years ago and now)". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2016.

google.de

books.google.de

Alexandre Koyré, I. Bernard Cohen,Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica: Volume 2: The Third Edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1972, pp.764.

gutenberg.org

Ball 1908, p. 319. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Ball 1908, p. 356. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Ball 1908, p. 324. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Ball 1908, p. 325. Ball, W. W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ed.). London: Macmillan & Co. Reprinted, Dover Publications, 1960, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1, and Project Gutenberg, 2010.
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John Archived 20 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine 1733

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Belenkiy, Ari (1 February 2013). "The Master of the Royal Mint: How Much Money did Isaac Newton Save Britain?". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society. 176 (2): 481–498. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. ISSN 0964-1998.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.
Duarte, F. J. (2000). "Newton, prisms, and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers" (PDF). Optics and Photonics News. 11 (5): 24–25. Bibcode:2000OptPN..11...24D. doi:10.1364/OPN.11.5.000024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Connor, Elizabeth (1 January 1942). "Sir Isaac Newton, the Pioneer of Astrophysics". Leaflet of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 4 (158): 55. Bibcode:1942ASPL....4...55C. ISSN 0004-6272.
Belenkiy, A.; Echague, E. V. (1 February 2016). "Groping toward linear regression analysis: Newton's analysis of Hipparchus' equinox observations". The Observatory. 136: 1–22. Bibcode:2016Obs...136....1B. ISSN 0029-7704.
Sanford, Fernando (1921). "Some Early Theories Regarding Electrical Forces – The Electric Emanation Theory". The Scientific Monthly. 12 (6): 544–550. Bibcode:1921SciMo..12..544S. ISSN 0096-3771.
Ul Haq, Iqra Zia; Syed, Aqeel A.; Naqvi, Qaisar Abbas (2020). "Observing the Goos–Hänchen shift in non-integer dimensional medium". Optik. 206 164071. Bibcode:2020Optik.20664071U. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164071.
Musielak, Zdzislaw; Quarles, Billy (2017). Three Body Dynamics and Its Applications to Exoplanets. Springer International Publishing. p. 3. Bibcode:2017tbdi.book.....M. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58226-9. ISBN 978-3-319-58225-2.
Donnelly, Russell J. (1 November 1991). "Taylor-Couette Flow: The Early Days". Physics Today. 44 (11): 32–39. Bibcode:1991PhT....44k..32D. doi:10.1063/1.881296. ISSN 0031-9228.
Mitra, Asoke (1 November 2006). "New Einsteins need positive environment, independent spirit". Physics Today. 59 (11): 12. Bibcode:2006PhT....59k..12M. doi:10.1063/1.4797321. ISSN 0031-9228.

haydenplanetarium.org

Tyson, Neil Degrasse (1 November 2005). "The Perimeter of Ignorance". Natural History Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2016.

hsp.org

discover.hsp.org

Newton, Isaac. "Letter from Sir Isaac Newton to Robert Hooke". Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 7 June 2018.

huntington.org

Vining, John (2 August 2011). "Newton's Death Mask". The Huntington. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.

inc.com

Mochari, Ilan (19 October 2015). "Here's How Isaac Newton Remembered Everything He Read: The scientific genius had very specific habits when he pored over books in his favorite library". Inc. Retrieved 22 January 2025.

indiana.edu

webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu

"The Chymistry of Isaac Newton". Indiana University, Bloomington. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
"Natures obvious laws & processes in vegetation – Introduction". The Chymistry of Isaac Newton. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Transcribed and online at Indiana University.

jstor.org

Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.
Storr, Anthony (December 1985). "Isaac Newton". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 291 (6511): 1779–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6511.1779. JSTOR 29521701. PMC 1419183. PMID 3936583.
Keynes, Milo (20 September 2008). "Balancing Newton's Mind: His Singular Behaviour and His Madness of 1692–93". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 62 (3): 289–300. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2007.0025. JSTOR 20462679. PMID 19244857.
Warntz, William (1989). "Newton, the Newtonians, and the Geographia Generalis Varenii". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 79 (2): 165–191. doi:10.2307/621272. JSTOR 621272. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
Baker, J. N. L. (1955). "The Geography of Bernhard Varenius". Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers). 21 (21): 51–60. doi:10.2307/621272. JSTOR 621272.
Sanford, Fernando (1921). "Some Early Theories Regarding Electrical Forces – The Electric Emanation Theory". The Scientific Monthly. 12 (6): 544–550. Bibcode:1921SciMo..12..544S. ISSN 0096-3771.
Fay, C. R. (1 January 1935). "Newton and the Gold Standard". Cambridge Historical Journal. 5 (1): 109–17. doi:10.1017/S1474691300001256. JSTOR 3020836.
Snobelen, Stephen D. (December 1999). "Isaac Newton, heretic: the strategies of a Nicodemite". The British Journal for the History of Science. 32 (4): 381–419. doi:10.1017/S0007087499003751. JSTOR 4027945. S2CID 145208136.
Westfall, Richard S. (1981). "The Career of Isaac Newton: A Scientific Life in the Seventeenth Century". The American Scholar. 50 (3): 341–353. ISSN 0003-0937. JSTOR 41210741.

maa.org

Swetz, Frank J. "Mathematical Treasure: Newton's Method of Fluxions". Convergence. Mathematical Association of America. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2018.

motherjones.com

Drum, Kevin (10 May 2013). "The Groundbreaking Isaac Newton Invention You've Never Heard Of". Mother Jones. Retrieved 21 December 2024.

museumoflondon.org.uk

"Museum of London exhibit including facsimile of title page from John Flamsteed's copy of 1687 edition of Newton's Principia". Museumoflondon.org.uk. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.

nationalfruitcollection.org.uk

"From the National Fruit Collection: Isaac Newton's Tree". Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022..

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Greshko, Michael (4 April 2016). "Isaac Newton's Lost Alchemy Recipe Rediscovered". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.

nature.com

Jeans, J. H. (26 March 1927). "Isaac Newton". Nature. 119 (2995supp): 28–30. doi:10.1038/119028a0x. ISSN 0028-0836.

neh.gov

Kean, Sam (2011). "Newton, The Last Magician". Humanities. 32 (1). Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.

newscientist.com

Aron, Jacob (29 May 2012). "Newton saved the UK economy £10 million". New Scientist. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
"Isaac Newton". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
"Newton's apple: The real story". New Scientist. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Storr, Anthony (December 1985). "Isaac Newton". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 291 (6511): 1779–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6511.1779. JSTOR 29521701. PMC 1419183. PMID 3936583.
Keynes, Milo (20 September 2008). "Balancing Newton's Mind: His Singular Behaviour and His Madness of 1692–93". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 62 (3): 289–300. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2007.0025. JSTOR 20462679. PMID 19244857.
Palomo, Miguel (2 January 2021). "New insight into the origins of the calculus war". Annals of Science. 78 (1): 22–40. doi:10.1080/00033790.2020.1794038. ISSN 0003-3790. PMID 32684104.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Storr, Anthony (December 1985). "Isaac Newton". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 291 (6511): 1779–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6511.1779. JSTOR 29521701. PMC 1419183. PMID 3936583.

npr.org

"Isaac Newton: Physicist And ... Crime Fighter?". Science Friday. 5 June 2009. NPR. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Transcript. Retrieved 1 August 2014.

online-literature.com

Yonge, Charlotte M. (1898). "Cranbury and Brambridge". John Keble's Parishes – Chapter 6. online-literature.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2009.

otago.ac.nz

blogs.otago.ac.nz

On the meaning and origins of this expression, see Kirsten Walsh, Does Newton feign an hypothesis? Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Early Modern Experimental Philosophy Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 18 October 2010.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

William L. Harper, Isaac Newton’s Scientific Method: Turning Data into Evidence about Gravity and Cosmology, Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 342–349.
Belenkiy, Ari (1 February 2013). "The Master of the Royal Mint: How Much Money did Isaac Newton Save Britain?". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society. 176 (2): 481–498. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. ISSN 0964-1998.

ox.ac.uk

newtonproject.ox.ac.uk

"Revised Memoir of Newton (Normalized Version)". The Newton Project. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

oxfordbibliographies.com

Snobelen, Stephen D. (24 February 2021). "Isaac Newton". Renaissance and Reformation. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195399301-0462. ISBN 978-0-19-539930-1. Retrieved 15 November 2024.

oxforddnb.com

Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.

pbs.org

Tyson, Peter (15 November 2005). "Newton's Legacy". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 14 November 2024.

physicsworld.com

"Newton tops PhysicsWeb poll". Physics World. 29 November 1999. Retrieved 19 November 2024.

pierre-marteau.com

On the Value of Gold and Silver in European Currencies and the Consequences on the Worldwide Gold- and Silver-Trade Archived 6 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Sir Isaac Newton, 21 September 1717; "By The King, A Proclamation Declaring the Rates at which Gold shall be current in Payments". Royal Numismatic Society. V. April 1842 – January 1843.

psu.edu

libraries.psu.edu

"John Locke Manuscripts – Chronological Listing: 1690". psu.edu. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2013.; and John C. Attig, John Locke Bibliography — Chapter 5, Religion, 1751–1900 Archived 12 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine

rice.edu

galileo.rice.edu

Richard S. Westfall – Indiana University The Galileo Project. (Rice University). Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

royalsociety.org

"Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015.
"Newton beats Einstein in polls of scientists and the public". Royal Society. 23 November 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

pictures.royalsociety.org

"Death mask of Isaac Newton". Royal Society Picture Library. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.

royalsocietypublishing.org

Marples, Alice (20 September 2022). "The science of money: Isaac Newton's mastering of the Mint". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 76 (3): 507–525. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2021.0033. ISSN 0035-9149.
Odlyzko, Andrew (20 March 2019). "Newton's financial misadventures in the South Sea Bubble". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 73 (1): 29–59. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2018.0018. ISSN 0035-9149.

scielo.org.mx

Hamilton, George; Disharoon, Zachary; Sanabria, Hugo (July–December 2018). "Revisiting viscosity from the macroscopic to nanoscale regimes". Revista mexicana de física E. 64 (2): 222–231. arXiv:1804.04028. doi:10.31349/RevMexFisE.64.222.

sciencehistory.org

Meyer, Michal (2014). "Gold, secrecy and prestige". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 32 (1): 42–43. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.
Błaszczyk, P.; et al. (March 2013). "Ten misconceptions from the history of analysis and their debunking". Foundations of Science. 18 (1): 43–74. arXiv:1202.4153. doi:10.1007/s10699-012-9285-8. S2CID 119134151.
Dobbs, J. T. (December 1982). "Newton's Alchemy and His Theory of Matter". Isis. 73 (4): 523. doi:10.1086/353114. S2CID 170669199. quoting Opticks
Snobelen, Stephen D. (December 1999). "Isaac Newton, heretic: the strategies of a Nicodemite". The British Journal for the History of Science. 32 (4): 381–419. doi:10.1017/S0007087499003751. JSTOR 4027945. S2CID 145208136.

smh.com.au

Gleeson-White, Jane (10 November 2003). "Einstein's Heroes". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2021.

st-andrews.ac.uk

mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk

"John Maynard Keynes: Newton, the Man". Maths History. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

Rynasiewicz, Robert A. (22 August 2011). "Newton's Views on Space, Time, and Motion". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
Andrew Janiak, "Newton's Philosophy," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2023). https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-philosophy/

stephenhuggett.com

Bloye, Nicole; Huggett, Stephen (2011). "Newton, the geometer" (PDF). Newsletter of the European Mathematical Society (82): 19–27. MR 2896438. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.

sussex.ac.uk

newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk

Newton, Isaac. "Of Colours". The Newton Project. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Conduitt, John. "Keynes Ms. 130.4:Conduitt's account of Newton's life at Cambridge". Newtonproject. Imperial College London. Archived from the original on 7 November 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2006.

tandfonline.com

Cheng, K. C.; Fujii, T. (1998). "Isaac Newton and Heat Transfer". Heat Transfer Engineering. 19 (4): 9–21. doi:10.1080/01457639808939932. ISSN 0145-7632.
Palomo, Miguel (2 January 2021). "New insight into the origins of the calculus war". Annals of Science. 78 (1): 22–40. doi:10.1080/00033790.2020.1794038. ISSN 0003-3790. PMID 32684104.
Simms, D. L. (2004). "Newton's Contribution to the Science of Heat". Annals of Science. 61 (1): 33–77. doi:10.1080/00033790210123810. ISSN 0003-3790.

telegraph.co.uk

Sawer, Patrick (6 September 2016). "What students should avoid during fresher's week (100 years ago and now)". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2016.

thegazette.co.uk

"No. 6569". The London Gazette. 1 April 1727. p. 7.

theguardian.com

Flood, Alison (2 June 2020). "Isaac Newton proposed curing plague with toad vomit, unseen papers show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.

time.com

Morrow, Lance (31 December 1999). "17th Century: Isaac Newton (1642-1727)". Time. Retrieved 19 December 2024.

tunablelasers.com

Duarte, F. J. (2000). "Newton, prisms, and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers" (PDF). Optics and Photonics News. 11 (5): 24–25. Bibcode:2000OptPN..11...24D. doi:10.1364/OPN.11.5.000024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

ufl.edu

users.clas.ufl.edu

Hatch, Robert A. (1988). "Sir Isaac Newton". Archived from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2023.

web.clas.ufl.edu

Hatch, Professor Robert A. "Newton Timeline". Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.

uwyo.edu

Eric W. Nye, Pounds Sterling to Dollars: Historical Conversion of Currency Archived 15 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: 5 October 2020

varsity.co.uk

"Newton voted Greatest Cantabrigian". Varsity. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2024.

web.archive.org

"Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015.
Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.
"Dictionary of Scientific Biography". Notes, No. 4. Archived from the original on 25 February 2005.
Alex, Berezow (4 February 2022). "Who was the smartest person in the world?". Big Think. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
Duarte, F. J. (2000). "Newton, prisms, and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers" (PDF). Optics and Photonics News. 11 (5): 24–25. Bibcode:2000OptPN..11...24D. doi:10.1364/OPN.11.5.000024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Hatch, Robert A. (1988). "Sir Isaac Newton". Archived from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
Newton, Isaac. "Waste Book". Cambridge University Digital Library. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
Newton, Principia, 1729 English translation, p. 41 Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Newton, Principia, 1729 English translation, p. 54 Archived 3 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Starting with De motu corporum in gyrum, see also (Latin) Theorem 1 Archived 12 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Bloye, Nicole; Huggett, Stephen (2011). "Newton, the geometer" (PDF). Newsletter of the European Mathematical Society (82): 19–27. MR 2896438. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
Newton, Isaac. "Hydrostatics, Optics, Sound and Heat". Cambridge University Digital Library. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
William R. Newman, "Newton's Early Optical Theory and its Debt to Chymistry", in Danielle Jacquart and Michel Hochmann, eds., Lumière et vision dans les sciences et dans les arts (Geneva: Droz, 2010), pp. 283–307. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (PDF)
Newton, Isaac. "Of Colours". The Newton Project. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Schmitz, Kenneth S. (2018). Physical Chemistry: Multidisciplinary Applications in Society. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-12-800599-6. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
See Curtis Wilson, "The Newtonian achievement in astronomy", pp. 233–274 in R Taton & C Wilson (eds) (1989) The General History of Astronomy, Volume, 2A', at p. 233 Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
On the meaning and origins of this expression, see Kirsten Walsh, Does Newton feign an hypothesis? Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Early Modern Experimental Philosophy Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 18 October 2010.
Hatch, Professor Robert A. "Newton Timeline". Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
"John Locke Manuscripts – Chronological Listing: 1690". psu.edu. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2013.; and John C. Attig, John Locke Bibliography — Chapter 5, Religion, 1751–1900 Archived 12 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"Isaac Newton: Physicist And ... Crime Fighter?". Science Friday. 5 June 2009. NPR. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Transcript. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
Newton, Isaac. "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica". Cambridge University Digital Library. pp. 265–66. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
On the Value of Gold and Silver in European Currencies and the Consequences on the Worldwide Gold- and Silver-Trade Archived 6 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Sir Isaac Newton, 21 September 1717; "By The King, A Proclamation Declaring the Rates at which Gold shall be current in Payments". Royal Numismatic Society. V. April 1842 – January 1843.
Eric W. Nye, Pounds Sterling to Dollars: Historical Conversion of Currency Archived 15 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: 5 October 2020
Yonge, Charlotte M. (1898). "Cranbury and Brambridge". John Keble's Parishes – Chapter 6. online-literature.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
"Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)". Eric Weisstein's World of Biography. Eric W. Weisstein. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2006.
Mann, Adam (14 May 2014). "The Strange, Secret History of Isaac Newton's Papers". Wired. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
Vining, John (2 August 2011). "Newton's Death Mask". The Huntington. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
"Death mask of Isaac Newton". Royal Society Picture Library. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
"Duillier, Nicholas Fatio de (1664–1753) mathematician and natural philosopher". Janus database. Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
"Collection Guide: Fatio de Duillier, Nicolas [Letters to Isaac Newton]". Online Archive of California. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
Richard S. Westfall – Indiana University The Galileo Project. (Rice University). Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
"Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"". William Blake Archive. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
Newton, Isaac (1782). Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae exstant omnia. London: Joannes Nichols. pp. 436–37. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John Archived 20 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine 1733
Tyson, Neil Degrasse (1 November 2005). "The Perimeter of Ignorance". Natural History Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
"John Maynard Keynes: Newton, the Man". Maths History. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Meyer, Michal (2014). "Gold, secrecy and prestige". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 32 (1): 42–43. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
Kean, Sam (2011). "Newton, The Last Magician". Humanities. 32 (1). Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
Greshko, Michael (4 April 2016). "Isaac Newton's Lost Alchemy Recipe Rediscovered". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
"The Chymistry of Isaac Newton". Indiana University, Bloomington. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
Flood, Alison (2 June 2020). "Isaac Newton proposed curing plague with toad vomit, unseen papers show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
Westminster Abbey. "Sir Isaac Newton Scientist, Mathematician and Astronomer". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"Isaac Newton". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
Gleeson-White, Jane (10 November 2003). "Einstein's Heroes". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
"Opinion poll. Einstein voted 'greatest physicist ever' by leading physicists; Newton runner-up". BBC News. 29 November 1999. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
Numbers 2015, pp. 48–56. Numbers, R. L. (2015). Newton's Apple and Other Myths about Science. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-91547-3. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
Voltaire (1786) heard the story of Newton and the apple tree from Newton's niece, Catherine Conduit (née Barton) (1679–1740): Voltaire (1786). Oeuvres completes de Voltaire [The complete works of Voltaire] (in French). Vol. 31. Basel, Switzerland: Jean-Jacques Tourneisen. p. 175. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021. From p. 175: "Un jour en l'année 1666, Newton retiré à la campagne, et voyant tomber des fruits d'un arbre, à ce que m'a conté sa nièce, (Mme Conduit) se laissa aller à une méditation profonde sur la cause qui entraine ainsi tous les corps dans une ligne, qui, si elle était prolongée, passerait à peu près par le centre de la terre." (One day in the year 1666 Newton withdrew to the country, and seeing the fruits of a tree fall, according to what his niece (Madame Conduit) told me, he entered into a deep meditation on the cause that draws all bodies in a [straight] line, which, if it were extended, would pass very near to the center of the Earth.)
Berkun, Scott (2010). The Myths of Innovation. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4493-8962-8. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
"Revised Memoir of Newton (Normalized Version)". The Newton Project. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
Conduitt, John. "Keynes Ms. 130.4:Conduitt's account of Newton's life at Cambridge". Newtonproject. Imperial College London. Archived from the original on 7 November 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2006.
"Brogdale – Home of the National Fruit Collection". Brogdale.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
"From the National Fruit Collection: Isaac Newton's Tree". Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022..
"Famous People & the Abbey: Sir Isaac Newton". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
"Withdrawn banknotes reference guide". Bank of England. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
Anders Hald 2003 – A history of probability and statistics and their applications before 1750 – 586 pages Volume 501 of Wiley series in probability and statistics Wiley-IEEE, 2003 Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2012 ISBN 0-471-47129-1
"Natures obvious laws & processes in vegetation – Introduction". The Chymistry of Isaac Newton. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Transcribed and online at Indiana University.
Whiteside, D.T., ed. (1974). Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, 1684–1691. 6. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–91. Archived 10 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
"Museum of London exhibit including facsimile of title page from John Flamsteed's copy of 1687 edition of Newton's Principia". Museumoflondon.org.uk. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
Published anonymously as "Scala graduum Caloris. Calorum Descriptiones & signa." in Philosophical Transactions, 1701, 824 Archived 21 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine–829; ed. Joannes Nichols, Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae exstant omnia, vol. 4 (1782), 403 Archived 17 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine–407. Mark P. Silverman, A Universe of Atoms, An Atom in the Universe, Springer, 2002, p. 49. Archived 24 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Newton, Isaac (1704). Opticks or, a Treatise of the reflexions, refractions, inflexions and colours of light. Also two treatises of the species and magnitude of curvilinear figures. Sam. Smith. and Benj. Walford. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
Pickover, Clifford (2008). Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them. Oxford University Press. pp. 117–18. ISBN 978-0-19-979268-9. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
Swetz, Frank J. "Mathematical Treasure: Newton's Method of Fluxions". Convergence. Mathematical Association of America. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2018.

westminster-abbey.org

Westminster Abbey. "Sir Isaac Newton Scientist, Mathematician and Astronomer". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"Famous People & the Abbey: Sir Isaac Newton". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2009.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

/ˈnjuːtən/ ^ⓘ

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Taylor, Henry Martyn (1911). "Newton, Sir Isaac" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 583.
Tyndall, John. (1880). Popular Science Monthly Volume 17, July. s:Popular Science Monthly/Volume 17/July 1880/Goethe's Farbenlehre: Theory of Colors II

wired.com

Mann, Adam (14 May 2014). "The Strange, Secret History of Isaac Newton's Papers". Wired. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2016.

wolfram.com

scienceworld.wolfram.com

"Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)". Eric Weisstein's World of Biography. Eric W. Weisstein. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2006.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Feingold, Mordechai. Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677) Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009; explained further in Feingold, Mordechai (1993). "Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An Attempt at a Reinterpretation". Isis. 84 (2): 310–338. Bibcode:1993Isis...84..310F. doi:10.1086/356464. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 236236. S2CID 144019197.
Cheng, K. C.; Fujii, T. (1998). "Isaac Newton and Heat Transfer". Heat Transfer Engineering. 19 (4): 9–21. doi:10.1080/01457639808939932. ISSN 0145-7632.
Connor, Elizabeth (1 January 1942). "Sir Isaac Newton, the Pioneer of Astrophysics". Leaflet of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 4 (158): 55. Bibcode:1942ASPL....4...55C. ISSN 0004-6272.
Palomo, Miguel (2 January 2021). "New insight into the origins of the calculus war". Annals of Science. 78 (1): 22–40. doi:10.1080/00033790.2020.1794038. ISSN 0003-3790. PMID 32684104.
Belenkiy, A.; Echague, E. V. (1 February 2016). "Groping toward linear regression analysis: Newton's analysis of Hipparchus' equinox observations". The Observatory. 136: 1–22. Bibcode:2016Obs...136....1B. ISSN 0029-7704.
Inwood, Stephen (2003). The Forgotten Genius. San Francisco: MacAdam/Cage Pub. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-1-931561-56-3. OCLC 53006741.
Bacciagaluppi, Guido; Valentini, Antony (2009). Quantum Theory at the Crossroads: Reconsidering the 1927 Solvay Conference. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-521-81421-8. OCLC 227191829.
Sanford, Fernando (1921). "Some Early Theories Regarding Electrical Forces – The Electric Emanation Theory". The Scientific Monthly. 12 (6): 544–550. Bibcode:1921SciMo..12..544S. ISSN 0096-3771.
Simms, D. L. (2004). "Newton's Contribution to the Science of Heat". Annals of Science. 61 (1): 33–77. doi:10.1080/00033790210123810. ISSN 0003-3790.
Donnelly, Russell J. (1 November 1991). "Taylor-Couette Flow: The Early Days". Physics Today. 44 (11): 32–39. Bibcode:1991PhT....44k..32D. doi:10.1063/1.881296. ISSN 0031-9228.
Belenkiy, Ari (1 February 2013). "The Master of the Royal Mint: How Much Money did Isaac Newton Save Britain?". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society. 176 (2): 481–498. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01037.x. ISSN 0964-1998.
Marples, Alice (20 September 2022). "The science of money: Isaac Newton's mastering of the Mint". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 76 (3): 507–525. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2021.0033. ISSN 0035-9149.
Odlyzko, Andrew (20 March 2019). "Newton's financial misadventures in the South Sea Bubble". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 73 (1): 29–59. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2018.0018. ISSN 0035-9149.
Jeans, J. H. (26 March 1927). "Isaac Newton". Nature. 119 (2995supp): 28–30. doi:10.1038/119028a0x. ISSN 0028-0836.
Westfall, Richard S. (1981). "The Career of Isaac Newton: A Scientific Life in the Seventeenth Century". The American Scholar. 50 (3): 341–353. ISSN 0003-0937. JSTOR 41210741.
Mitra, Asoke (1 November 2006). "New Einsteins need positive environment, independent spirit". Physics Today. 59 (11): 12. Bibcode:2006PhT....59k..12M. doi:10.1063/1.4797321. ISSN 0031-9228.
Mart́ínez, Alberto A. (2011). Science Secrets: The Truth about Darwin's Finches, Einstein's Wife, and Other Myths. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8229-4407-2. OCLC 682895134.
Wilson, David B. (2009). Seeking Nature's Logic: Natural Philosophy in the Scottish Enlightenment. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 213–215. ISBN 978-0-271-03525-3. OCLC 276712924.