Isabella I of Castile (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Isabella I of Castile" in English language version.

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abc.es

"Así batalló Isabel la Católica por que los indios fueran tratados "muy bien y con cariño"". 17 June 2020.
"Lo que la Leyenda Negra contra España no cuenta de las Leyes de Indias". www.abc.es (in Spanish). 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

andalucia.com

Watson, Fiona Flores (26 July 2013). "History – The Catholic Monarchs". Andalucia.com. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

archive.org

_↓ French historian Joseph-Louis Desormeaux: "... The result of the battle was very uncertain; Ferdinand defeated the enemy's right wing led by Afonso, but the Prince had the same advantage over the Castilians." In Abrégé chronologique de l'histoire de l'Éspagne, Duchesne, Paris, 1758, 3rd Tome, p. 25.
Meyer, Carolyn (2000). Isabel: Jewel of Castilla. Scholastic. ISBN 9780439078054.
Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 77. Retrieved 17 May 2018.

bne.es

bdh-rd.bne.es

http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000022770 page 5 line 20, section "ITEM por cuanto al tiempo que nos fueron concedidas por la Santa Sede Apostólica las yslas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oçéano descubiertas y por descubrir, nuestra principal intención fue al tiempo que lo suplicamos al papa sexto Alejandro, de buena memoria, que nos hizo la dicha concesión, de procurar e ynduçir y traer los pueblos dellas y los convertir a la nuestra Santa Fe Católica y enviar a las dichas islas y Tierra Firme prelados, religiosos y clérigos y otras personas doctas y temerosas de Dios para instruir a los vecinos y moradores della en la Fe Católica, y los enseñar y dotar de buenas costunbres y poner en ellos la diligencia debida, según más largamente en las letras de la dicha concesión se contiene; por ende, suplico al Rey, mi señor, muy afectuosamente y encargo y mando, a la dicha Princesa, mi hija, y al dicho Príncipe, su marido, que así lo hagan y cunplan y que esto sea su principal fin; y que en ello pongan mucha diligencia y no consientan ni den lugar que los indios vecinos y moradores de las dichas Yndias y Tierra Firme, ganadas y por ganar, reciban agravio alguno en sus personas ni bienes, mas manden que sean bien y justamente tratados; y si algun agravio an recebido, lo remedien y provean, por manera que no escedan cosa alguna lo que por las letras apostólicas de la dicha concesión nos es injungido y mandado."

bookofdaystales.com

"Isabella I of Castille". Book of Days Tales. 22 April 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

books.google.com

Gristwood, Sarah (2019). Game of Queens: The Women Who Made Sixteenth-Century Europe. Basic Books. p. 30. ISBN 9780465096794.
_↓ Spanish historian Ana Carrasco Manchado: "...The battle [of Toro] was fierce and uncertain, and because of that both sides attributed themselves the victory. John, the son of Afonso of Portugal, sent letters to the Portuguese cities declaring victory. And Ferdinand of Aragon did the same. Both wanted to take advantage of the victory's propaganda." In Isabel I de Castilla y la sombra de la ilegitimidad: propaganda y representación en el conflicto sucesorio (1474–1482), 2006, pp. 195, 196.
_↓ Manchado, Isabel I de Castilla y la sombra de la ilegitimidad: propaganda y representación en el conflicto sucesorio (1474–1482), 2006, p. 199 (foot note nr.141).
_↓ chronicler Juan de Mariana (Castilian): "(...) the [Castilian] horsemen (...) moved forward(...).They were received by prince D. John... which charge... they couldn't stand but instead were defeated and ran away " in Historia General de España, tome V, book XXIV, chapter X, pp. 299–300.
_↓ chronicler Juan de Mariana (Castilian): "...the enemy led by prince D. John of Portugal, who without suffering defeat, stood on a hill with his forces in good order until very late (...). Thus, both forces [Castilian and Portuguese] remained face to face for some hours; and the Portuguese kept their position during more time (...)" in Historia General de España, tome V, book XXIV, chapter X, pp. 299–300.
_↓ French historian Jean Dumont in La "imcomparable" Isabel la Catolica/ The incomparable Isabel the Catholic, Encuentro Ediciones, printed by Rogar-Fuenlabrada, Madrid, 1993 (Spanish edition), p. 49: "...But in the left [Portuguese] Wing, in front of the Asturians and Galician, the reinforcement army of the Prince heir of Portugal, well provided with artillery, could leave the battlefield with its head high. The battle resulted this way, inconclusive. But its global result stays after that decided by the withdrawal of the Portuguese King, the surrender... of the Zamora's fortress on 19 March, and the multiple adhesions of the nobles to the young princes."
_↓ Historian Marvin Lunenfeld: "In 1476, immediately after the indecisive battle of Peleagonzalo [near Toro], Ferdinand and Isabella hailed the result as a great victory and called a cortes at Madrigal. The newly created prestige was used to gain municipal support from their allies (...)" in The council of the Santa Hermandad: a study of the pacification forces of Ferdinand and Isabella, University of Miami Press, 1970, p. 27.
Battle of Guinea: _↓ Alonso de Palencia, Década IV, Book XXXIII, Chapter V ("Disaster among those sent to the mines of gold [Guinea]. Charges against the King..."), pp. 91–94. This was a decisive battle because after it, in spite of the Catholic Monarchs' attempts, they were unable to send new fleets to Guinea, Canary or to any part of the Portuguese empire until the end of the war. The Perfect Prince sent an order to drown any Castilian crew captured in Guinea waters. Even the Castilian navies which left Guinea before the signature of the peace treaty had to pay the tax ("quinto") to the Portuguese crown when they returned to Castile after the peace treaty. Isabella had to ask permission of Afonso V so that this tax could be paid in Castilian harbours. Naturally all this caused a grudge against the Catholic Monarchs in Andalusia.
_↓ Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius "In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea, ..." in Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415–1580, volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, p. 152.
: _↓ Alonso de Palencia, Decada IV, Book XXXI, Chapters VIII and IX ("preparation of 2 fleets [to Guinea and to Canary, respectively] so that with them King Ferdinand crush its enemies [the Portuguese]...").
_↓ Alonso de Palencia, Decada IV, book XXXII, chapter III: in 1478 a Portuguese fleet intercepted the armada of 25 navies sent by Ferdinand to conquer Gran Canary – capturing 5 of its navies plus 200 Castilians – and forced it to fled hastily and definitively from Canary waters. This victory allowed Prince John to use the Canary Islands as an "exchange coin" in the peace treaty of Alcáçovas.
F. Weissberger, Barbara Queen Isabel I of Castile: Power, Patronage, Persona, Tamesis Books, 2008, p. 27, accessed 9 July 2012
Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (2007). Amerigo: The Man Who Gave His Name to America. New York: Random House. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-1-4000-6281-2.
Beezley, William H.; Meyer, Michael (3 August 2010). The Oxford History of Mexico. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199731985.
Gerli, E. Michael; Armistead, Samuel G. (2003). Medieval Iberia. Taylor & Francis. p. 182. ISBN 9780415939188. Retrieved 17 May 2018.

britannica.com

Highfield, J.R.L. "Isabella I | Biography, Reign, & Facts". Britannica. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
"Henry IV | king of Castile". Britannica. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
Henry III, King of Castille at the Encyclopædia Britannica
Ferdinand I, King of Aragon at the Encyclopædia Britannica

cervantesvirtual.com

_↓ Pulgar, Crónica de los Señores Reyes Católicos Don Fernando y Doña Isabel de Castilla y de Aragón, chapter XLV.
_↓ chronicler Hernando del Pulgar (Castilian): "...promptly, those 6 Castilian captains, which we already told were at the right side of the royal battle, and were invested by the prince of Portugal and the bishop of Évora, turned their backs and put themselves on the run." in Crónica de los Señores Reyes Católicos Don Fernando y Doña Isabel de Castilla y de Aragón, chapter XLV.
_↓ Vicente Álvarez Palenzuela- La guerra civil Castellana y el enfrentamiento con Portugal (1475–1479): "That is the battle of Toro. The Portuguese army had not been exactly defeated, however, the sensation was that D. Juana's cause had completely sunk. It made sense that for the Castilians Toro was considered as the divine retribution, the compensation desired by God to compensate the terrible disaster of Aljubarrota, still alive in the Castilian memory".
_↓ Mª Monserrat León Guerrero in El segundo viaje colombino, University of Valladolid, 2000, chapter 2, pp. 49–50.

descargas.cervantesvirtual.com

_↓ Spanish historian Cesáreo Fernández Duro: "...For those who ignore the background of these circumstances it will certainly seem strange that while the Catholic Monarchs raised a temple in Toledo in honour of the victory that God granted them on that occasion, the same fact [the Battle of Toro] was festively celebrated with solemn processions on its anniversary in Portugal" in La batalla de Toro (1476). Datos y documentos para su monografía histórica, in Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tome 38, Madrid, 1901, p. 250.

csic.es

bddoc.csic.es

_↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since 1 March 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro] ." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista Toletum Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310 Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

"Bibliographie", L'emboutissage des aciers, Dunod, pp. 527–533, 7 April 2010, doi:10.3917/dunod.col.2010.01.0527, ISBN 9782100520909, S2CID 245078033, retrieved 25 February 2022
Rodrigues, Elizabeth; Pizzolato, Nelio; Botelho, Guilherme; Oliveira de Souza, Rafael (2014). "A Economicidade dos Centros de Distribuição: O Caso do Varejo". Sistemas & Gestão. 9 (4): 518–526. doi:10.7177/sg.2014.v9.n4.a10 (inactive 14 December 2024). ISSN 1980-5160.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
"LA CREACIÓN Y EL DESARROLLO DEL INSTITUTO ISABEL LA CATÓLICA", El Instituto Femenino Isabel la Católica. Un centro modélico del CSIC, Dykinson, pp. 15–58, 27 November 2019, doi:10.2307/j.ctv103xbm2.4, S2CID 242986273, retrieved 25 February 2022
Vigneron, Nicolas (19 October 2021). "Wikisource session". Septentrio Conference Series (3). doi:10.7557/5.5946. ISSN 2387-3086. S2CID 239148634.
Range, Matthias (4 December 2018). "Harris, Raising Royalty: 1000 Years of Royal Parenting (Dundurn, 2017)". Royal Studies Journal. 5 (2): 184. doi:10.21039/rsj.174. ISSN 2057-6730. S2CID 187984200.
Davies, C. S. L.; Edwards, John (23 September 2004). "Katherine [Catalina, Catherine, Katherine of Aragon] (1485–1536), queen of England, first consort of Henry VIII exucted for not granting annulmentto their marriage and trying to plot against Anne Boleyn". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4891. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

dx.doi.org

"Bibliographie", L'emboutissage des aciers, Dunod, pp. 527–533, 7 April 2010, doi:10.3917/dunod.col.2010.01.0527, ISBN 9782100520909, S2CID 245078033, retrieved 25 February 2022
"LA CREACIÓN Y EL DESARROLLO DEL INSTITUTO ISABEL LA CATÓLICA", El Instituto Femenino Isabel la Católica. Un centro modélico del CSIC, Dykinson, pp. 15–58, 27 November 2019, doi:10.2307/j.ctv103xbm2.4, S2CID 242986273, retrieved 25 February 2022
Davies, C. S. L.; Edwards, John (23 September 2004). "Katherine [Catalina, Catherine, Katherine of Aragon] (1485–1536), queen of England, first consort of Henry VIII exucted for not granting annulmentto their marriage and trying to plot against Anne Boleyn". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4891. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

doodles.google

"Luisa de Medrano's 538th Birthday Doodle - Google Doodles".

exteriores.gob.es

Luis Francisco Martinez Montes, *Spain, A Global History*, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, November 12, 2018, [1].

fsspx.news

"Pope Pleads the Cause of Isabelle the Catholic". FSSPX.actualités / FSSPX.news. 9 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

girlmuseum.org

Remer, Ashley E. (10 March 2018). "Isabella of Castile". Girl Museum. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

goodreads.com

_↓ António Rumeu de Armas- book description, MAPFRE, Madrid, 1992, p. 88.
Bakersfield, Katherine. "Katherine's Reviews > Isabel: Jewel of Castilla, Spain, 1466". Good Reads. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

google.ca

books.google.ca

Edwards, J. (11 June 2014). Ferdinand and Isabella. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89345-5.

google.com

_↓ Historian Malyn Newitt: "However, in 1478 the Portuguese surprised thirty-five Castilian ships returning from Mina [Guinea] and seized them and all their gold. Another...Castilian voyage to Mina, that of Eustache de la Fosse, was intercepted ... in 1480. (...) All things considered, it is not surprising that the Portuguese emerged victorious from this first maritime colonial war. They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets, and had clear central direction from ... [Prince] John." In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400–1668, New York: Routledge 2005, pp. 39–40.
_↓ Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius "In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea, ..." in Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415–1580, volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, p. 152.

gutenberg.org

_↓ chronicler Rui de Pina (Portuguese): "And being the two enemy battles face to face, the Castilian battle was deeply agitated and showing clear signs of defeat if attacked as it was without King and dubious of the outcome.(...) And without discipline and with great disorder they went to Zamora. So being the Prince alone on the field without suffering defeat but inflicting it on the adversary he became heir and master of his own victory" in Chronica de El- rei D.Affonso V... 3rd book, chapter CXCI.
_↓ Pina, Chronica de El-Rei D. Affonso V, 3rd book, chapter CXCIV (Editorial error: Chapter CXCIV erroneously appears as Chapter CLXIV.Reports the end of the siege of Ceuta by the arrival of the fleet with Afonso V).

jcyl.es

artehistoria.jcyl.es

"Image of the Isabella's coat of arms with lions as supporters, facade of the St. Paul Church inValladolid (Spain) Artehistoria". /www.artehistoria.jcyl.es. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

nationalgeographic.com

"To seize power in Spain, Queen Isabella had to play it smart". History Magazine. 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
Palos, Joan-Lluís (28 March 2019). "To seize power in Spain, Queen Isabella had to play it smart: Bold, strategic, and steady, Isabella of Castile navigated an unlikely rise to the throne and ushered in a golden age for Spain". National Geographic History Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.

oxfordbibliographies.com

Guardiola-Griffiths, Cristina. (2018). Isabel I, Queen of Castile. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0395.xml/ Archived 29 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine.

oxforddnb.com

Davies, C. S. L.; Edwards, John (23 September 2004). "Katherine [Catalina, Catherine, Katherine of Aragon] (1485–1536), queen of England, first consort of Henry VIII exucted for not granting annulmentto their marriage and trying to plot against Anne Boleyn". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4891. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

purl.pt

_↓ chronicler Damião de Góis (Portuguese): "(...) these Castilians who were on the right of the Castilian Royal battle, received [the charge of] the Prince's men as brave knights invoking Santiago but they couldn't resist them and began to flee, and [so] our men killed and arrested many of them, and among those who escaped some took refuge (...) in their Royal battle that was on left of these six [Castilian] divisions. " in Chronica do Principe D. Joam, chapter LXXVIII.

queenisabel.org

"Cause for Canonization of Servant of God Queen Isabel the Catholic". www.queenisabel.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

realacademiatoledo.es

_↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since 1 March 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro] ." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista Toletum Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310 Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine

scribd.com

pt.scribd.com

_↓ Justo L. González- Historia del Cristianismo Archived 16 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Editorial Unilit, Miami, 1994, Tome 2, Parte II (La era de los conquistadores), p. 68.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

"Bibliographie", L'emboutissage des aciers, Dunod, pp. 527–533, 7 April 2010, doi:10.3917/dunod.col.2010.01.0527, ISBN 9782100520909, S2CID 245078033, retrieved 25 February 2022
"LA CREACIÓN Y EL DESARROLLO DEL INSTITUTO ISABEL LA CATÓLICA", El Instituto Femenino Isabel la Católica. Un centro modélico del CSIC, Dykinson, pp. 15–58, 27 November 2019, doi:10.2307/j.ctv103xbm2.4, S2CID 242986273, retrieved 25 February 2022
Vigneron, Nicolas (19 October 2021). "Wikisource session". Septentrio Conference Series (3). doi:10.7557/5.5946. ISSN 2387-3086. S2CID 239148634.
Range, Matthias (4 December 2018). "Harris, Raising Royalty: 1000 Years of Royal Parenting (Dundurn, 2017)". Royal Studies Journal. 5 (2): 184. doi:10.21039/rsj.174. ISSN 2057-6730. S2CID 187984200.

smithsonianmag.com

"The Lost Fort of Columbus". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 19 October 2023.

thoughtco.com

"Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 21 February 2022.

uclm.es

biblioteca2.uclm.es

_↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since 1 March 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro] ." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista Toletum Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310 Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine

ucm.es

revistas.ucm.es

_↓ Quesada, Portugueses en la frontera de Granada, 2000, p. 98. In 1476 Ceuta was simultaneously besieged by the moors and a Castilian army led by the Duke of Medina Sidónia. The Castilians conquered the city from the Portuguese who took refuge in the inner fortress, but a Portuguese fleet arrived "in extremis" and regained the city. A Ceuta dominated by the Castilians would certainly have forced the right to conquer Fez (Morocco) to be shared between Portugal and Castile instead of the monopoly the Portuguese acquired.

unirioja.es

dialnet.unirioja.es

_↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since 1 March 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro] ." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista Toletum Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310 Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
_↓ Spanish academic Rafael Dominguez Casas: "...San Juan de los Reyes resulted from the royal will to build a monastery to commemorate the victory in a battle with an uncertain outcome but decisive, the one fought in Toro in 1476, which consolidated the union of the two most important Peninsular Kingdoms." In San Juan de los reyes: espacio funerário y aposento régio in Boletín del Seminário de Estúdios de Arte y Arqueologia, number 56, p. 364, 1990.

web.archive.org

"To seize power in Spain, Queen Isabella had to play it smart". History Magazine. 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
Palos, Joan-Lluís (28 March 2019). "To seize power in Spain, Queen Isabella had to play it smart: Bold, strategic, and steady, Isabella of Castile navigated an unlikely rise to the throne and ushered in a golden age for Spain". National Geographic History Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
Guardiola-Griffiths, Cristina. (2018). Isabel I, Queen of Castile. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0395.xml/ Archived 29 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
_↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since 1 March 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro] ." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista Toletum Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70 Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310 Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
_↓ A. Ballesteros Beretta: "His moment is the inconclusive Battle of Toro.(...) both sides attributed themselves the victory.... The letters written by the King [Ferdinand] to the main cities... are a model of skill. (...) what a powerful description of the battle! The nebulous transforms into light, the doubtful acquires the profile of a certain triumph. The politic [Ferdinand] achieved the fruits of a discussed victory." In Fernando el Católico, el mejor rey de España, Ejército revue, nr 16, p. 56, May 1941.
_↓ Justo L. González- Historia del Cristianismo Archived 16 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Editorial Unilit, Miami, 1994, Tome 2, Parte II (La era de los conquistadores), p. 68.
"Lo que la Leyenda Negra contra España no cuenta de las Leyes de Indias". www.abc.es (in Spanish). 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
"Cause for Canonization of Servant of God Queen Isabel the Catholic". www.queenisabel.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
"Pope Pleads the Cause of Isabelle the Catholic". FSSPX.actualités / FSSPX.news. 9 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
"Image of the Isabella's coat of arms with lions as supporters, facade of the St. Paul Church inValladolid (Spain) Artehistoria". /www.artehistoria.jcyl.es. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

wikipedia.org

es.wikipedia.org

In the papal bull Si convenit [es] of 1496, Ferdinand II and Isabella I were named "King and Queen Catholics of the Spains (Rey y Reina Católicos de las Españas)".

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

_↓ Garcia de Resende- Vida e feitos d'El Rei D.João II, chapter XIII.
_↓ chronicler Garcia de Resende (Portuguese): "... And being the battles of both sides ordered that way and prepared to attack by nearly sunshine, the King ordered the prince to attack the enemy with his and God's blessing, which he obeyed (...). (...) and after the sound of the trumpets and screaming all for S. George invested so bravely the enemy battles, and in spite of their enormous size, they could not stand the hard fight and were rapidly beaten and put on the run with great losses." In Vida e feitos d'El Rei D.João II, chapter XIII.
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1896). "Philippa of Lancaster" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 45. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 167.

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"Testamento de Isabel la Católica - Wikisource". es.wikisource.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 February 2022.

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