Islamic scarf controversy in France (English Wikipedia)

The theme of the scarf as a symbol of submission of the woman to the man is found in many a discourse. Among them are:
"Les Chiennes de Garde": "It's the symbol of the oppression of women, of a demonization of the body and women's sexuality" (communiqué Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, 7 March 2005),
"Les Penelopes": "Veiled, they are property of masters who designate them, to others and to the girls themselves, as that which is forbidden." (article Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine published on the website of this association)
la Ligue des Droits de l'Homme: "The LDH recalls its hostility to the veil, a symbol of oppression for many women" (communiqué Archived 2006-01-09 at the Wayback Machine, 6 January 1997).
These views are still held despite women being made free individuals from the advent of Islam, where they had previously been inherited property in pre-Islamic cultures. This is also expressed by individuals:
Mohamed Kacimi Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, novelist of Algerian origin: "The veil is an antiquated alienation",
Sylviane Agacinsky, philosopher: "The veil symbolizes submission to male authority"
This argument is put forward by many, including:
Jean-Louis Debré: "Rare indeed must be the [phenomenon of] young women who spontaneously wear [the veil] spontaneously, outside any pressure from their family or from where they live." (site Archived 2006-04-27 at the Wayback Machine of the National Assembly)
Alain Madelin: "Certainly, one can hope that the prohibition of the Islamic veil in school will be dissuasive and that many young women will find in the application of this law a way to escape the social pressure more or less against their will." ("Le Monde" Archived 2005-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, 7 February 2004)
Fadéla Amara Archived 2006-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, president of the Neither Whores Nor Submissive association: "I would also like to talk about the girls who don't wear the veil and who are threatened by this pressure that is brought on only by these [other] girls who wear the veil. You really have to understand that in a city today, a girl who wears the veil is respectable, and if she doesn't, she isn't."

assemblee-nationale.fr

education.assemblee-nationale.fr

This argument is put forward by many, including:
Jean-Louis Debré: "Rare indeed must be the [phenomenon of] young women who spontaneously wear [the veil] spontaneously, outside any pressure from their family or from where they live." (site Archived 2006-04-27 at the Wayback Machine of the National Assembly)
Alain Madelin: "Certainly, one can hope that the prohibition of the Islamic veil in school will be dissuasive and that many young women will find in the application of this law a way to escape the social pressure more or less against their will." ("Le Monde" Archived 2005-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, 7 February 2004)
Fadéla Amara Archived 2006-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, president of the Neither Whores Nor Submissive association: "I would also like to talk about the girls who don't wear the veil and who are threatened by this pressure that is brought on only by these [other] girls who wear the veil. You really have to understand that in a city today, a girl who wears the veil is respectable, and if she doesn't, she isn't."

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Schofield, Hugh (October 1, 2003). "Jewish dad backs headscarf daughters". BBC.
"1 November 2005, "Headscarf defeat riles French Muslims"". BBC News. 1 November 2005. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2010.

bbc.com

"Cannes bans burkinis over suspected link to radical Islamism". BBC News. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

books.google.com

Bowen, John R. (16 December 2010). Why the French Don't Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space. Princeton University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-4008-3756-4.
Kuru, Ahmet T. (April 27, 2009). Secularism and State Policies Toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780521517805.
Bowen, John R. (December 16, 2010). Why the French Don't Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space. Princeton University Press. pp. 110–112. ISBN 9781400837564.

chiennesdegarde.org

Description Archived 2004-03-05 at the Wayback Machine of musical clips containing such stereotypes. Numerous analysts (example Archived 2005-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, another example Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, another example by the same author Archived 2006-05-02 at the Wayback Machine) and coupled with 41% of French in an (ipsos survey Archived 2006-07-01 at the Wayback Machine) consider the image of women in advertising to be degrading.
The theme of the scarf as a symbol of submission of the woman to the man is found in many a discourse. Among them are:
"Les Chiennes de Garde": "It's the symbol of the oppression of women, of a demonization of the body and women's sexuality" (communiqué Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, 7 March 2005),
"Les Penelopes": "Veiled, they are property of masters who designate them, to others and to the girls themselves, as that which is forbidden." (article Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine published on the website of this association)
la Ligue des Droits de l'Homme: "The LDH recalls its hostility to the veil, a symbol of oppression for many women" (communiqué Archived 2006-01-09 at the Wayback Machine, 6 January 1997).
These views are still held despite women being made free individuals from the advent of Islam, where they had previously been inherited property in pre-Islamic cultures. This is also expressed by individuals:
Mohamed Kacimi Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, novelist of Algerian origin: "The veil is an antiquated alienation",
Sylviane Agacinsky, philosopher: "The veil symbolizes submission to male authority"

coe.int

cmiskp.echr.coe.int

"ECHR Press release on decisions Dogru v. France and Kervanci v. France". Cmiskp.echr.coe.int. Archived from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

comanalysis.ch

Description Archived 2004-03-05 at the Wayback Machine of musical clips containing such stereotypes. Numerous analysts (example Archived 2005-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, another example Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, another example by the same author Archived 2006-05-02 at the Wayback Machine) and coupled with 41% of French in an (ipsos survey Archived 2006-07-01 at the Wayback Machine) consider the image of women in advertising to be degrading.

csa-tmo.fr

According to a survey Archived 2006-07-20 at the Wayback Machine of teachers carried out from the 22nd to the 24th of January, 2004 by the CSA Institute; 79% of teachers consider the veil incompatible with public service and education

doi.org

Scott, Joan W. (2005). "Symptomatic Politics" (PDF). French Politics, Culture & Society. 23 (3): 106–127. doi:10.3167/153763705780793531.
Abdelgadir, Aala; Fouka, Vasiliki (2020). "Political Secularism and Muslim Integration in the West: Assessing the Effects of the French Headscarf Ban". American Political Science Review. 114 (3): 707–723. doi:10.1017/S0003055420000106. ISSN 0003-0554.
Croucher, Stephen (November 2008). "French-Muslims and the Hijab: An Analysis of Identity and the Islamic Veil in France". Journal of Intercultural Communication Research. 37 (3): 199–213. doi:10.1080/17475750903135408. S2CID 143587706 – via researchgate.
Vauchez, Stéphanie Hennette (June 2017). "Is French laïcité Still Liberal? The Republican Project under Pressure (2004–15)" (PDF). Human Rights Law Review. 17 (2): 285–312. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngx014. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

georgetown.edu

berkleycenter.georgetown.edu

"France". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-14.

haaretz.com

Ben Simon, Daniel (October 17, 2003). "Veil of Tears". Haaretz.

halde.fr

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-11-23. Retrieved 2009-06-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

independent.co.uk

"Armed police force woman to remove Burkini on French beach". Independent.co.uk. 2016-08-24. Archived from the original on 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
Dearden, Lizzie (26 August 2016). "France's top court rules burkini bans are 'clearly illegal'". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
Sims, Alexandra (30 August 2016). "A French court just overturned the first ever burkini ban". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

ipsos.fr

Description Archived 2004-03-05 at the Wayback Machine of musical clips containing such stereotypes. Numerous analysts (example Archived 2005-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, another example Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, another example by the same author Archived 2006-05-02 at the Wayback Machine) and coupled with 41% of French in an (ipsos survey Archived 2006-07-01 at the Wayback Machine) consider the image of women in advertising to be degrading.

islamonline.net

"IslamOnline.net- News". Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2009-08-31.

jstor.org

Beriss, David (1990). "Scarves, Schools, and Segregation: The Foulard Affair". French Politics and Society. 8 (1): 1–13. JSTOR 42844141. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

la-croix.com

Examples of texts which use this argument:
an article Archived 2006-05-01 at the Wayback Machine from "l'Humanité"
an interview Archived 2005-10-20 at the Wayback Machine with Bernard Stasi in the paper "La Croix".

ladocumentationfrancaise.fr

lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr

There are no objective givens on the level of racism felt by Muslims in France. As far as French people in general, a survey Archived 2006-07-07 at the Wayback Machine carried out in September 2003, by the BSA Institute gives an idea of the level of racism in France, real or felt. According to this survey, 87% of French people consider racism to be widespread in their country (see p.569 of the French version of the report). However, 14% of French people express racist ideas (p.576).

laic.info

This argument is put forward by many, including:
Jean-Louis Debré: "Rare indeed must be the [phenomenon of] young women who spontaneously wear [the veil] spontaneously, outside any pressure from their family or from where they live." (site Archived 2006-04-27 at the Wayback Machine of the National Assembly)
Alain Madelin: "Certainly, one can hope that the prohibition of the Islamic veil in school will be dissuasive and that many young women will find in the application of this law a way to escape the social pressure more or less against their will." ("Le Monde" Archived 2005-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, 7 February 2004)
Fadéla Amara Archived 2006-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, president of the Neither Whores Nor Submissive association: "I would also like to talk about the girls who don't wear the veil and who are threatened by this pressure that is brought on only by these [other] girls who wear the veil. You really have to understand that in a city today, a girl who wears the veil is respectable, and if she doesn't, she isn't."

ldh-france.org

The theme of the scarf as a symbol of submission of the woman to the man is found in many a discourse. Among them are:
"Les Chiennes de Garde": "It's the symbol of the oppression of women, of a demonization of the body and women's sexuality" (communiqué Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, 7 March 2005),
"Les Penelopes": "Veiled, they are property of masters who designate them, to others and to the girls themselves, as that which is forbidden." (article Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine published on the website of this association)
la Ligue des Droits de l'Homme: "The LDH recalls its hostility to the veil, a symbol of oppression for many women" (communiqué Archived 2006-01-09 at the Wayback Machine, 6 January 1997).
These views are still held despite women being made free individuals from the advent of Islam, where they had previously been inherited property in pre-Islamic cultures. This is also expressed by individuals:
Mohamed Kacimi Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, novelist of Algerian origin: "The veil is an antiquated alienation",
Sylviane Agacinsky, philosopher: "The veil symbolizes submission to male authority"

lecourrier.ch

There is no internet site representing this group. On the following sites, there can be found passages by and interviews with members of this group, entirely or partially on the scarf: [1](tout particulièrement les quatre derniers paragraphes) [2] Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine

lefigaro.fr

Blavignat, Yohan (27 July 2018). "L'affaire des «foulards de Creil» : la République laïque face au voile islamique". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 2 June 2022.

legifrance.gouv.fr

"Education Code. L811-1 §2" (in French). Legifrance.gouv.fr. 1984-01-26. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
Council of State decision Chain v. France Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
Council of State decision Bessam v. France Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

leparisien.fr

Pascale Égré: Loi sur le port du voile : le débat relancé Archived 2013-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Le Parisien, 25 March 2013 (in French)

lmsi.net

There is no internet site representing this group. On the following sites, there can be found passages by and interviews with members of this group, entirely or partially on the scarf: [1](tout particulièrement les quatre derniers paragraphes) [2] Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
"article written by the collective". Lmsi.net. Archived from the original on 2007-11-18. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

loc.gov

"European Court of Human Rights: French Ban on Headscarves in Sports Classes Upheld". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

middleeasteye.net

"French police apprehend 10 Muslim women for wearing burkinis". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

nationalreview.com

"Ban the Burqa". National Review. 2010-08-02. Archived from the original on 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2012-04-20.

nytimes.com

SHANNON, VICTORIA (November 21, 2000). "French Court Affirms Auction Sites Ruling : Yahoo Faces Deadline To Block Nazi Items". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2019.

parisnanterre.fr

hal.parisnanterre.fr

Vauchez, Stéphanie Hennette (June 2017). "Is French laïcité Still Liberal? The Republican Project under Pressure (2004–15)" (PDF). Human Rights Law Review. 17 (2): 285–312. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngx014. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

penelopes.org

The theme of the scarf as a symbol of submission of the woman to the man is found in many a discourse. Among them are:
"Les Chiennes de Garde": "It's the symbol of the oppression of women, of a demonization of the body and women's sexuality" (communiqué Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, 7 March 2005),
"Les Penelopes": "Veiled, they are property of masters who designate them, to others and to the girls themselves, as that which is forbidden." (article Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine published on the website of this association)
la Ligue des Droits de l'Homme: "The LDH recalls its hostility to the veil, a symbol of oppression for many women" (communiqué Archived 2006-01-09 at the Wayback Machine, 6 January 1997).
These views are still held despite women being made free individuals from the advent of Islam, where they had previously been inherited property in pre-Islamic cultures. This is also expressed by individuals:
Mohamed Kacimi Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, novelist of Algerian origin: "The veil is an antiquated alienation",
Sylviane Agacinsky, philosopher: "The veil symbolizes submission to male authority"

pierre-legrand.com

Scott, Joan W. (2005). "Symptomatic Politics" (PDF). French Politics, Culture & Society. 23 (3): 106–127. doi:10.3167/153763705780793531.

presse.fr

humanite.presse.fr

Example of such a course: sisters Alma and Lila Lévy seen in the newspaper "L'Humanité" Archived 2005-07-04 at the Wayback Machine. Sociologist Françoise Gaspard speaks of a "demanded veil".
Examples of texts which use this argument:
an article Archived 2006-05-01 at the Wayback Machine from "l'Humanité"
an interview Archived 2005-10-20 at the Wayback Machine with Bernard Stasi in the paper "La Croix".

radiofrance.fr

Bichler, Camille (3 October 2019). "30 ans de l'affaire du foulard de Creil : le voile de la discorde". Radio France (in French). Retrieved 3 June 2022.

researchgate.net

Croucher, Stephen (November 2008). "French-Muslims and the Hijab: An Analysis of Identity and the Islamic Veil in France". Journal of Intercultural Communication Research. 37 (3): 199–213. doi:10.1080/17475750903135408. S2CID 143587706 – via researchgate.

rfi.fr

"French Equality Minister backs the right for women to play football in veils". RFI. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Croucher, Stephen (November 2008). "French-Muslims and the Hijab: An Analysis of Identity and the Islamic Veil in France". Journal of Intercultural Communication Research. 37 (3): 199–213. doi:10.1080/17475750903135408. S2CID 143587706 – via researchgate.

state.gov

2009-2017.state.gov

"International Religious Freedom Report 2009 - France". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

telegraph.co.uk

Mulholland, Rory (15 August 2016). "Corsican town becomes third in France to ban the burkini after riots". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

theguardian.com

Valérie Amiraux (2013-07-26). "France needs to start facing up to Islamophobia". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
Bouteldja, Naima (25 February 2005). "The reality of the French hijab ban". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
George, Rose (July 17, 2006). "Ghetto warrior". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
Chrisafis, Angelique (October 16, 2019). "French government resists calls for school trip headscarf ban". The Guardian.
Williams, Jessie (21 June 2021). "Les Hijabeuses: the female footballers tackling France's on-pitch hijab ban". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
Trindade, Júlia Belas (4 May 2022). "Moving the Goalposts | 'It's brutal' – how French football's hijab ban is affecting Muslim women". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
"The Paris Olympics may look fair and inclusive on TV. The truth is much darker". the Guardian.

thelocal.fr

"How the world is reacting to France's burqini bans". 2016-08-18. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-08-31.

thenation.com

Lalami, Laila (November 21, 2007). "Beyond the Veil". The Nation.

time.com

Lang, Cady. "How France's Latest Hijab Controversy Fits Into History". Time. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

unitedsikhs.org

"UNITED SIKHS will Appeal to the EU Human Rights Court and the UN by End January". United Sikhs. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
HRC views in case Singh v. France Archived 2013-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Communication No. 1852/2008

univ-lyon2.fr

sites.univ-lyon2.fr

Description Archived 2004-03-05 at the Wayback Machine of musical clips containing such stereotypes. Numerous analysts (example Archived 2005-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, another example Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, another example by the same author Archived 2006-05-02 at the Wayback Machine) and coupled with 41% of French in an (ipsos survey Archived 2006-07-01 at the Wayback Machine) consider the image of women in advertising to be degrading.

washingtonpost.com

Phipps, Catherine. "Perspective | France's ban on the veil looks far more sinister in historical context". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-04-16.

web.archive.org

Valérie Amiraux (2013-07-26). "France needs to start facing up to Islamophobia". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
Description Archived 2004-03-05 at the Wayback Machine of musical clips containing such stereotypes. Numerous analysts (example Archived 2005-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, another example Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, another example by the same author Archived 2006-05-02 at the Wayback Machine) and coupled with 41% of French in an (ipsos survey Archived 2006-07-01 at the Wayback Machine) consider the image of women in advertising to be degrading.
Example of such a course: sisters Alma and Lila Lévy seen in the newspaper "L'Humanité" Archived 2005-07-04 at the Wayback Machine. Sociologist Françoise Gaspard speaks of a "demanded veil".
There are no objective givens on the level of racism felt by Muslims in France. As far as French people in general, a survey Archived 2006-07-07 at the Wayback Machine carried out in September 2003, by the BSA Institute gives an idea of the level of racism in France, real or felt. According to this survey, 87% of French people consider racism to be widespread in their country (see p.569 of the French version of the report). However, 14% of French people express racist ideas (p.576).
"Ban the Burqa". National Review. 2010-08-02. Archived from the original on 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
There is no internet site representing this group. On the following sites, there can be found passages by and interviews with members of this group, entirely or partially on the scarf: [1](tout particulièrement les quatre derniers paragraphes) [2] Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
The theme of the scarf as a symbol of submission of the woman to the man is found in many a discourse. Among them are:
"Les Chiennes de Garde": "It's the symbol of the oppression of women, of a demonization of the body and women's sexuality" (communiqué Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, 7 March 2005),
"Les Penelopes": "Veiled, they are property of masters who designate them, to others and to the girls themselves, as that which is forbidden." (article Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine published on the website of this association)
la Ligue des Droits de l'Homme: "The LDH recalls its hostility to the veil, a symbol of oppression for many women" (communiqué Archived 2006-01-09 at the Wayback Machine, 6 January 1997).
These views are still held despite women being made free individuals from the advent of Islam, where they had previously been inherited property in pre-Islamic cultures. This is also expressed by individuals:
Mohamed Kacimi Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, novelist of Algerian origin: "The veil is an antiquated alienation",
Sylviane Agacinsky, philosopher: "The veil symbolizes submission to male authority"
This argument is put forward by many, including:
Jean-Louis Debré: "Rare indeed must be the [phenomenon of] young women who spontaneously wear [the veil] spontaneously, outside any pressure from their family or from where they live." (site Archived 2006-04-27 at the Wayback Machine of the National Assembly)
Alain Madelin: "Certainly, one can hope that the prohibition of the Islamic veil in school will be dissuasive and that many young women will find in the application of this law a way to escape the social pressure more or less against their will." ("Le Monde" Archived 2005-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, 7 February 2004)
Fadéla Amara Archived 2006-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, president of the Neither Whores Nor Submissive association: "I would also like to talk about the girls who don't wear the veil and who are threatened by this pressure that is brought on only by these [other] girls who wear the veil. You really have to understand that in a city today, a girl who wears the veil is respectable, and if she doesn't, she isn't."
George, Rose (July 17, 2006). "Ghetto warrior". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
"IslamOnline.net- News". Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
Examples of texts which use this argument:
an article Archived 2006-05-01 at the Wayback Machine from "l'Humanité"
an interview Archived 2005-10-20 at the Wayback Machine with Bernard Stasi in the paper "La Croix".
According to a survey Archived 2006-07-20 at the Wayback Machine of teachers carried out from the 22nd to the 24th of January, 2004 by the CSA Institute; 79% of teachers consider the veil incompatible with public service and education
Pascale Égré: Loi sur le port du voile : le débat relancé Archived 2013-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Le Parisien, 25 March 2013 (in French)
"article written by the collective". Lmsi.net. Archived from the original on 2007-11-18. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
"France". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-14.
"Education Code. L811-1 §2" (in French). Legifrance.gouv.fr. 1984-01-26. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-11-23. Retrieved 2009-06-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Council of State decision Chain v. France Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
Council of State decision Bessam v. France Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
"ECHR Press release on decisions Dogru v. France and Kervanci v. France". Cmiskp.echr.coe.int. Archived from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
HRC views in case Singh v. France Archived 2013-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Communication No. 1852/2008
"Armed police force woman to remove Burkini on French beach". Independent.co.uk. 2016-08-24. Archived from the original on 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
"How the world is reacting to France's burqini bans". 2016-08-18. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
SHANNON, VICTORIA (November 21, 2000). "French Court Affirms Auction Sites Ruling : Yahoo Faces Deadline To Block Nazi Items". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2019.
"1 November 2005, "Headscarf defeat riles French Muslims"". BBC News. 1 November 2005. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2010.

wikipedia.org

ar.wikipedia.org

Map showing prevalence of Hijab wear across the world and indicating countries where there are restrictions on wearing it.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Abdelgadir, Aala; Fouka, Vasiliki (2020). "Political Secularism and Muslim Integration in the West: Assessing the Effects of the French Headscarf Ban". American Political Science Review. 114 (3): 707–723. doi:10.1017/S0003055420000106. ISSN 0003-0554.
Phipps, Catherine. "Perspective | France's ban on the veil looks far more sinister in historical context". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-04-16.