Isotope (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Isotope" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

13doi.org

2^nd place

10harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

5nih.gov

4^th place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4web.archive.org

1^st place

4iupac.org

538^th place

863^rd place

3nobelprize.org

301^st place

478^th place

3zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

2nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

2books.google.com

3^rd place

2don-lindsay-archive.org

low place

2bnl.gov

5,926^th place

7,350^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

1iupap.org

low place

1chemniverse.com

low place

1archive.org

6^th place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

archive.org

Ley, Willy (October 1966). "The Delayed Discovery". For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 116–127.

bnl.gov

nndc.bnl.gov

"NuDat 2 Description". Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Sonzogni, Alejandro (2008). "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2013-05-03.

books.google.com

This notation seems to have been introduced in the second half of the 1930s. Before that, various notations were used, such as Ne(22) for neon-22 (1934), Ne²² for neon-22 (1935), or even Pb₂₁₀ for lead-210 (1933).
In his 1893 book, William T. Preyer also used the word "isotope" to denote similarities among elements. From p. 9 of William T. Preyer, Das genetische System der chemischen Elemente [The genetic system of the chemical elements] (Berlin, Germany: R. Friedländer & Sohn, 1893): "Die ersteren habe ich der Kürze wegen isotope Elemente genannt, weil sie in jedem der sieben Stämmme der gleichen Ort, nämlich dieselbe Stuffe, einnehmen." (For the sake of brevity, I have named the former "isotopic" elements, because they occupy the same place in each of the seven families [i.e., columns of the periodic table], namely the same step [i.e., row of the periodic table].)

britannica.com

Herzog, Gregory F. (2 June 2020). "Isotope". Encyclopedia Britannica.

chemniverse.com

Waters, Charlie (2023-09-22). "Atomic Structure And Isotopes And Isotopic Notation". Chemniverse. Retrieved 2024-10-23.

doi.org

Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Nagel, Miriam C. (1982). "Frederick Soddy: From Alchemy to Isotopes". Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (9): 739–740. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..739N. doi:10.1021/ed059p739.
Soddy announced his "displacement law" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "The Radio-Elements and the Periodic Law". Nature. 91 (2264): 57–58. Bibcode:1913Natur..91...57S. doi:10.1038/091057a0. S2CID 3975657..
Soddy first used the word "isotope" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Fleck, Alexander (1957). "Frederick Soddy". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 3: 203–216. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1957.0014. p. 208: Up to 1913 we used the phrase 'radio elements chemically non-separable' and at that time the word isotope was suggested in a drawing-room discussion with Dr. Margaret Todd in the home of Soddy's father-in-law, Sir George Beilby.
Budzikiewicz H, Grigsby RD (2006). "Mass spectrometry and isotopes: a century of research and discussion". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 25 (1): 146–57. Bibcode:2006MSRv...25..146B. doi:10.1002/mas.20061. PMID 16134128.
Thomson, J. J. (1912). "XIX. Further experiments on positive rays". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 24 (140): 209–253. doi:10.1080/14786440808637325.
Aston, F. W. (1920). "Isotopes and Atomic Weights". Nature. 105 (2646): 617–619. Bibcode:1920Natur.105..617A. doi:10.1038/105617a0. S2CID 4267919.
Chadwick, James (1932). "Existence of a Neutron". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 136 (830): 692–708. Bibcode:1932RSPSA.136..692C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1932.0112.
Hult, Mikael; Wieslander, J. S.; Marissens, Gerd; Gasparro, Joël; Wätjen, Uwe; Misiaszek, Marcin (2009). "Search for the radioactivity of 180mTa using an underground HPGe sandwich spectrometer". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 67 (5): 918–21. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.057. PMID 19246206.
Jamin, Eric; Guérin, Régis; Rétif, Mélinda; Lees, Michèle; Martin, Gérard J. (2003). "Improved Detection of Added Water in Orange Juice by Simultaneous Determination of the Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 Isotope Ratios of Water and Ethanol Derived from Sugars". J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (18): 5202–6. Bibcode:2003JAFC...51.5202J. doi:10.1021/jf030167m. PMID 12926859.
Treiman, A. H.; Gleason, J. D.; Bogard, D. D. (2000). "The SNC meteorites are from Mars". Planet. Space Sci. 48 (12–14): 1213. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48.1213T. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00105-7.
Deegan, Frances M.; Troll, Valentin R.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Jolis, Ester M.; Freda, Carmela (2016-08-04). "Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 30774. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630774D. doi:10.1038/srep30774. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4973271. PMID 27488228.

don-lindsay-archive.org

"Radioactives Missing From The Earth".^{[dead link]}
"Radioactives Missing From The Earth". Retrieved 2012-06-16.^{[permanent dead link]}

etymonline.com

"isotope—Origin and meaning". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Nagel, Miriam C. (1982). "Frederick Soddy: From Alchemy to Isotopes". Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (9): 739–740. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..739N. doi:10.1021/ed059p739.
Soddy announced his "displacement law" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "The Radio-Elements and the Periodic Law". Nature. 91 (2264): 57–58. Bibcode:1913Natur..91...57S. doi:10.1038/091057a0. S2CID 3975657..
Soddy first used the word "isotope" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Budzikiewicz H, Grigsby RD (2006). "Mass spectrometry and isotopes: a century of research and discussion". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 25 (1): 146–57. Bibcode:2006MSRv...25..146B. doi:10.1002/mas.20061. PMID 16134128.
Aston, F. W. (1920). "Isotopes and Atomic Weights". Nature. 105 (2646): 617–619. Bibcode:1920Natur.105..617A. doi:10.1038/105617a0. S2CID 4267919.
Chadwick, James (1932). "Existence of a Neutron". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 136 (830): 692–708. Bibcode:1932RSPSA.136..692C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1932.0112.
Jamin, Eric; Guérin, Régis; Rétif, Mélinda; Lees, Michèle; Martin, Gérard J. (2003). "Improved Detection of Added Water in Orange Juice by Simultaneous Determination of the Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 Isotope Ratios of Water and Ethanol Derived from Sugars". J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (18): 5202–6. Bibcode:2003JAFC...51.5202J. doi:10.1021/jf030167m. PMID 12926859.
Treiman, A. H.; Gleason, J. D.; Bogard, D. D. (2000). "The SNC meteorites are from Mars". Planet. Space Sci. 48 (12–14): 1213. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48.1213T. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00105-7.
Deegan, Frances M.; Troll, Valentin R.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Jolis, Ester M.; Freda, Carmela (2016-08-04). "Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 30774. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630774D. doi:10.1038/srep30774. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4973271. PMID 27488228.

iupac.org

goldbook.iupac.org

old.iupac.org

IUPAC (Connelly, N. G.; Damhus, T.; Hartshorn, R. M.; and Hutton, A. T.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations 2005, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005; IUPAC (McCleverty, J. A.; and Connelly, N. G.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry II. Recommendations 2000, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001; IUPAC (Leigh, G. J.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (recommendations 1990), Blackwell Science, 1990; IUPAC, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, 1970; probably in the 1958 first edition as well

pac.iupac.org

IUPAC (Connelly, N. G.; Damhus, T.; Hartshorn, R. M.; and Hutton, A. T.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations 2005, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005; IUPAC (McCleverty, J. A.; and Connelly, N. G.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry II. Recommendations 2000, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001; IUPAC (Leigh, G. J.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (recommendations 1990), Blackwell Science, 1990; IUPAC, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, 1970; probably in the 1958 first edition as well

iupap.org

"IUPAP Red Book" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2018-01-06.

nature.com

Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Soddy first used the word "isotope" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Budzikiewicz H, Grigsby RD (2006). "Mass spectrometry and isotopes: a century of research and discussion". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 25 (1): 146–57. Bibcode:2006MSRv...25..146B. doi:10.1002/mas.20061. PMID 16134128.
Hult, Mikael; Wieslander, J. S.; Marissens, Gerd; Gasparro, Joël; Wätjen, Uwe; Misiaszek, Marcin (2009). "Search for the radioactivity of 180mTa using an underground HPGe sandwich spectrometer". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 67 (5): 918–21. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.057. PMID 19246206.
Jamin, Eric; Guérin, Régis; Rétif, Mélinda; Lees, Michèle; Martin, Gérard J. (2003). "Improved Detection of Added Water in Orange Juice by Simultaneous Determination of the Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 Isotope Ratios of Water and Ethanol Derived from Sugars". J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (18): 5202–6. Bibcode:2003JAFC...51.5202J. doi:10.1021/jf030167m. PMID 12926859.
Deegan, Frances M.; Troll, Valentin R.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Jolis, Ester M.; Freda, Carmela (2016-08-04). "Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 30774. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630774D. doi:10.1038/srep30774. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4973271. PMID 27488228.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Deegan, Frances M.; Troll, Valentin R.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Jolis, Ester M.; Freda, Carmela (2016-08-04). "Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 30774. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630774D. doi:10.1038/srep30774. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4973271. PMID 27488228.

nobelprize.org

Soddy, Frederick (12 December 1922). "The origins of the conceptions of isotopes" (PDF). Nobelprize.org. p. 393. Retrieved 9 January 2019. Thus the chemically identical elements - or isotopes, as I called them for the first time in this letter to Nature, because they occupy the same place in the Periodic Table ...
The origins of the conceptions of isotopes Frederick Soddy, Nobel prize lecture
Mass spectra and isotopes Francis W. Aston, Nobel prize lecture 1922

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Soddy announced his "displacement law" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "The Radio-Elements and the Periodic Law". Nature. 91 (2264): 57–58. Bibcode:1913Natur..91...57S. doi:10.1038/091057a0. S2CID 3975657..
Soddy first used the word "isotope" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. S2CID 3965303.
Aston, F. W. (1920). "Isotopes and Atomic Weights". Nature. 105 (2646): 617–619. Bibcode:1920Natur.105..617A. doi:10.1038/105617a0. S2CID 4267919.

web.archive.org

"IUPAP Red Book" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
IUPAC (Connelly, N. G.; Damhus, T.; Hartshorn, R. M.; and Hutton, A. T.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations 2005, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005; IUPAC (McCleverty, J. A.; and Connelly, N. G.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry II. Recommendations 2000, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001; IUPAC (Leigh, G. J.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (recommendations 1990), Blackwell Science, 1990; IUPAC, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, 1970; probably in the 1958 first edition as well
"NuDat 2 Description". Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Sonzogni, Alejandro (2008). "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2013-05-03.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Deegan, Frances M.; Troll, Valentin R.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Jolis, Ester M.; Freda, Carmela (2016-08-04). "Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 30774. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630774D. doi:10.1038/srep30774. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4973271. PMID 27488228.

zenodo.org

Soddy announced his "displacement law" in: Soddy, Frederick (1913). "The Radio-Elements and the Periodic Law". Nature. 91 (2264): 57–58. Bibcode:1913Natur..91...57S. doi:10.1038/091057a0. S2CID 3975657..
Thomson, J. J. (1912). "XIX. Further experiments on positive rays". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 24 (140): 209–253. doi:10.1080/14786440808637325.
Aston, F. W. (1920). "Isotopes and Atomic Weights". Nature. 105 (2646): 617–619. Bibcode:1920Natur.105..617A. doi:10.1038/105617a0. S2CID 4267919.