[1][permanent dead link] "Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century", by Bruno Glaser at the Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth (see the "Terra Preta Web Site"Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine). Extract available hereArchived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Published online December 20, 2006 in Philosophic Transactions Royal Society B (2007) 362, 187–196. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006. 1978. This article studies the evidences concerning the process of generation of Terra preta as well as the reasons why its organic matter's and nutrients' retention is so superior to the surrounding soils.
Suarez-Bertoa, R.; Zardini, A.A.; Keuken, H.; Astorga, C. (March 2015). "Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)". Fuel. 143: 173–182. Bibcode:2015Fuel..143..173S. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.076.
Nguyen, Ha Thi-Hoang; Takenaka, Norimichi; Bandow, Hiroshi; Maeda, Yasuaki; De Oliva, Sergio T.; Botelho, Maria M.f.; Tavares, Tania M. (2001). "Atmospheric alcohols and aldehydes concentrations measured in Osaka, Japan and in Sao Paulo, Brazil". Atmospheric Environment. 35 (18): 3075–3083. Bibcode:2001AtmEn..35.3075N. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00136-4.
To calculate this relationship, one has to take into account that irrigated corn needs about 560 cubic meters (2.1m gallons) of water per ton of corn (as quoted in Eco-World. Ed Ring:Is bio-fuel water positive? June 4, 2007Archived September 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine using estimates from the University of Colorado and UNESCO, as well as a clarification by David Nielsen, Research Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Akron, Colorado, posted on July 19, 2007.) A good ethanol yield is about 480 gallons per acre per year, and a typical corn yield is 5.6 tons per acre per year. Assuming that half the crop water needs can be met through rainfall, this would mean that still 1,570 cubic meter (1.57m liter) - 280 cubic meter of water per ton, multiplied by 5.6 tons per acre - of irrigation water are needed per acre per year to produce 1,817 liter (480 gallons) of ethanol.
[3]Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine "Carbon negative energy to reverse global warming" (a posting to Energy Resources Group on Yahoo). Report on the symposium (EACU) in 2004 at the University of Georgia at Athens (Georgia, USA). Several scientists from very diverse disciplines: chemistry, archeology, physics, anthropology, microbiology, pedology, agronomy, researchers in renewable energies, and representatives for the DOE (Department of Environment), USDA and industry. Aim: to observe the evidences of massive utilization of carbon in history, make a synopsis on present research, and study how carbon-negative energy can be economically deployed today" (See also "Energy and Carbon Symposium". Archived from the original on 2004-03-13. Retrieved 2008-09-09.)
Barnett, Cynthia. "Fueling worries: four ethanol crops under consideration in Florida are very thirsty.(NATURAL RESOURCES)." Florida Trend 52.4 (July 2009): 18(1). General OneFile. Gale. BENTLEY UPPER SCHOOL LIBRARY (BAISL). 6 Oct. 2009
http://find.galegroup.com/gps/start.do?prodId=IPS
[3]Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine "Carbon negative energy to reverse global warming" (a posting to Energy Resources Group on Yahoo). Report on the symposium (EACU) in 2004 at the University of Georgia at Athens (Georgia, USA). Several scientists from very diverse disciplines: chemistry, archeology, physics, anthropology, microbiology, pedology, agronomy, researchers in renewable energies, and representatives for the DOE (Department of Environment), USDA and industry. Aim: to observe the evidences of massive utilization of carbon in history, make a synopsis on present research, and study how carbon-negative energy can be economically deployed today" (See also "Energy and Carbon Symposium". Archived from the original on 2004-03-13. Retrieved 2008-09-09.)
Suarez-Bertoa, R.; Zardini, A.A.; Keuken, H.; Astorga, C. (March 2015). "Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)". Fuel. 143: 173–182. Bibcode:2015Fuel..143..173S. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.076.
Nguyen, Ha Thi-Hoang; Takenaka, Norimichi; Bandow, Hiroshi; Maeda, Yasuaki; De Oliva, Sergio T.; Botelho, Maria M.f.; Tavares, Tania M. (2001). "Atmospheric alcohols and aldehydes concentrations measured in Osaka, Japan and in Sao Paulo, Brazil". Atmospheric Environment. 35 (18): 3075–3083. Bibcode:2001AtmEn..35.3075N. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00136-4.
Keith L. Kline; Virginia H. Dale (2008-07-11). "Biofuels: Effects on Land and Fire"(PDF). Letters to Science. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2009-06-11. This reference also includes Timothy Searching and Joseph Fargione responses to Kline and Dale (Science Vol 321).
[1][permanent dead link] "Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century", by Bruno Glaser at the Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth (see the "Terra Preta Web Site"Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine). Extract available hereArchived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Published online December 20, 2006 in Philosophic Transactions Royal Society B (2007) 362, 187–196. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006. 1978. This article studies the evidences concerning the process of generation of Terra preta as well as the reasons why its organic matter's and nutrients' retention is so superior to the surrounding soils.
[1][permanent dead link] "Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century", by Bruno Glaser at the Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth (see the "Terra Preta Web Site"Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine). Extract available hereArchived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Published online December 20, 2006 in Philosophic Transactions Royal Society B (2007) 362, 187–196. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006. 1978. This article studies the evidences concerning the process of generation of Terra preta as well as the reasons why its organic matter's and nutrients' retention is so superior to the surrounding soils.
Joe Jobe (2008-04-10). "The Debate on Clean Energy". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-07. Reply letter by Joe Jobe, CEO of the National Biodiesel Board published in the "Inbox" section in Time's April 21 issue.
[1][permanent dead link] "Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century", by Bruno Glaser at the Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth (see the "Terra Preta Web Site"Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine). Extract available hereArchived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Published online December 20, 2006 in Philosophic Transactions Royal Society B (2007) 362, 187–196. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006. 1978. This article studies the evidences concerning the process of generation of Terra preta as well as the reasons why its organic matter's and nutrients' retention is so superior to the surrounding soils.
[1][permanent dead link] "Prehistorically modified soils of central Amazonia: a model for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century", by Bruno Glaser at the Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth (see the "Terra Preta Web Site"Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine). Extract available hereArchived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Published online December 20, 2006 in Philosophic Transactions Royal Society B (2007) 362, 187–196. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006. 1978. This article studies the evidences concerning the process of generation of Terra preta as well as the reasons why its organic matter's and nutrients' retention is so superior to the surrounding soils.
To calculate this relationship, one has to take into account that irrigated corn needs about 560 cubic meters (2.1m gallons) of water per ton of corn (as quoted in Eco-World. Ed Ring:Is bio-fuel water positive? June 4, 2007Archived September 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine using estimates from the University of Colorado and UNESCO, as well as a clarification by David Nielsen, Research Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Akron, Colorado, posted on July 19, 2007.) A good ethanol yield is about 480 gallons per acre per year, and a typical corn yield is 5.6 tons per acre per year. Assuming that half the crop water needs can be met through rainfall, this would mean that still 1,570 cubic meter (1.57m liter) - 280 cubic meter of water per ton, multiplied by 5.6 tons per acre - of irrigation water are needed per acre per year to produce 1,817 liter (480 gallons) of ethanol.
[3]Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine "Carbon negative energy to reverse global warming" (a posting to Energy Resources Group on Yahoo). Report on the symposium (EACU) in 2004 at the University of Georgia at Athens (Georgia, USA). Several scientists from very diverse disciplines: chemistry, archeology, physics, anthropology, microbiology, pedology, agronomy, researchers in renewable energies, and representatives for the DOE (Department of Environment), USDA and industry. Aim: to observe the evidences of massive utilization of carbon in history, make a synopsis on present research, and study how carbon-negative energy can be economically deployed today" (See also "Energy and Carbon Symposium". Archived from the original on 2004-03-13. Retrieved 2008-09-09.)
Joe Jobe (2008-04-10). "The Debate on Clean Energy". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-07. Reply letter by Joe Jobe, CEO of the National Biodiesel Board published in the "Inbox" section in Time's April 21 issue.
Keith L. Kline; Virginia H. Dale (2008-07-11). "Biofuels: Effects on Land and Fire"(PDF). Letters to Science. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2009-06-11. This reference also includes Timothy Searching and Joseph Fargione responses to Kline and Dale (Science Vol 321).
