Italian fascism (English Wikipedia)

Elazar, Dahlia S. (2001). The Making of Fascism: Class, State, and Counter-Revolution, Italy 1919–1928 (first pub. ed.). Westport, Conn [u.a.]: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 73. ISBN 978-0275958640. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2012.

aclibresciane.it

"RISCOPRIRE I VALORI DELLA RESISTENZA NELLA COSTITUZIONE" (in Italian). Retrieved 22 October 2022.

americanmafia.com

"Mussolini Takes on the Mafia". AmericanMafia.com. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 February 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2008.

anpi.it

"Chi Siamo". Website. ANPI.it. Archived from the original on 2 May 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.

anpifesta.org

"Festa dell'anpi". anpi.it. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2022.

appstate.edu

"Mussolini's Italy". Appstate.edu. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008.

archive.org

Diplomatic documents relating to Italy's aggression against Greece ; the Greek White Book. American Council on Public Affairs. 1943. pp. 5–8.
Joshua D. Zimmerman (27 June 2005). Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922–1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-84101-6.
"Talks with Mussolini". Little Brown and Company. 4 January 2024.
Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 262.
Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 251–253. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2018.[ISBN unspecified]

associazioni.milano.it

"Fondazione ISEC – cronologia dell'insurrezione a Milano – 25 aprile" (in Italian). Retrieved 28 September 2019.

books.google.com

Giuseppe Acerbi (2011). Le leggi antiebraiche e razziali italiane ed il ceto dei giuristi. Giuffrè Editore. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-88-14-15571-0. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
Richard S. Levy (1 January 2005). Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution. ABC-CLIO. pp. 585–. ISBN 978-1-85109-439-4. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jepson, Allan; Clarke, Alan (2015). Managing and Developing Communities, Festivals and Events. AIAA. p. 137. ISBN 978-1137508539. Archived from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
Hehn, Paul N. (2005). A Low Dishonest Decade: The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930–1941. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0826417612.
Rodogno, Davide (2006). Fascism's European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0521845157.
Lemkin, Raphael; Power, Samantha (2008). Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 99–107. ISBN 978-1584779018. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
McGregor Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War Archived 18 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 138. ISBN 978-0521338356
Gentile, Emilio (2004). "Fascism in Power: The Totalitarian Experiment". In Griffin, Roger; Feldman, Matthew (eds.). Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. Vol. IV (1st ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. 44–45. ISBN 9780415290159.
Baum, David (2011). Hebraic Aspects of the Renaissance: Sources and Encounters. Brill. ISBN 978-9004212558. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
Gillette, Aaron (14 January 2004). Racial Theories in Fascist Italy. Taylor & Francis. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-203-16489-1.
Knickerbocker, H. R. (1941). Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-1417992775. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Joseph, Frank (2010). Mussolini's War. Helion Limited. p. 50. ISBN 978-1906033569.
Moseley, Ray (2004). Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce. Taylor Trade. ISBN 1589790952.
Gregor, A. James (2004). Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism. Transaction Pub. ISBN 0765805936. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Moseley, Ray (2004). Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce. Taylor Trade. ISBN 1589790952.
Heater, Derek Benjamin (1987). Our World this Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199133247.
Spignesi, Stephen J (2003). The Italian 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential, Cultural, Scientific, and Political Figures, Past and Present. CITADEL PR. ISBN 0806523999. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Candeloro, Giorgio (1986). Il fascismo e le sue guerre (in Italian). Feltrinelli. p. 68. ISBN 978-8807808043. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
Farrell, Nicholas Burgess (2004). Mussolini: A New Life. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 1842121235. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Macdonald, Hamish (1999). Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 0748733868.
De Grand, Alexander J (2001). The Hunchback's Tailor: Giovanni Giolitti and Liberal Italy from the Challenge of Mass Politics to the Rise of Fascism, 1882–1922. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 027596874X.
Warwick Palmer, Alan (1996). Who's Who in World Politics: From 1860 to the Present Day. Routledge. ISBN 0415131618.
Tolliday, Steven (1991). The Power to Manage?: Employers and Industrial Relations in Comparative. Routledge. ISBN 0415026253.
Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta (2000). Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy. University of California Press. ISBN 0520226771.
Matthews Gibbs, Anthony (2001). A Bernard Shaw Chronology. Palgrave. ISBN 0312231636. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
"Pound in Purgatory". Leon Surette. 2008. ISBN 978-0252024986. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul (2018). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1576079409 – via Google Books.
Pugliese, Stanislao G.; Pugliese, Stanislao (2004). Fascism, Anti-fascism, and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7425-3123-9. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
Tollardo, Elisabetta (2016). Fascist Italy and the League of Nations, 1922-1935. Springer. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-349-95028-7.
Scala, Spencer M. Di (1988). Renewing Italian Socialism: Nenni to Craxi. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-0-19-536396-8. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

bridgew.edu

Malagreca, Miguel (May 2006). "Lottiamo Ancora 1: Reviewing One Hundred and Fifty Years of Italian Feminism" (PDF). Journal of International Women's Studies. 7 (4). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.

britannica.com

original.britannica.com

"March on Rome". Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 January 2008.

global.britannica.com

Lateran Treaty

collettiva.it

""Oggi in Spagna, domani in Italia"" (in Italian). Retrieved 12 May 2023.

corriere.it

video.corriere.it

"Non solo Tsipras: "Bella ciao" cantata in tutte le lingue del mondo Guarda il video – Corriere TV" [Not only Tsipras: "Bella ciao" sung in all languages of the world Watch the video – Corriere TV]. video.corriere.it (in Italian).

d155.org

ww2.d155.org

"The Manifesto of Race" (PDF). 1938. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2019.

docs.google.com

Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) Clash of civilisations Archived 6 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 4

doi.org

Barrera, Giulia (2003). "Mussolini's colonial race laws and state-settler relations in Africa Orientale Italiana (1935–41)". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 8 (3): 425–443. doi:10.1080/09585170320000113770. S2CID 145516332.
Olindo De Napoli (2012). "The origin of the Racist Laws under fascism. A problem of historiography". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 17 (1): 106–122. doi:10.1080/1354571X.2012.628112. S2CID 216113682.
Shinn, Christopher A. (2019) [2016]. "Inside the Italian Empire: Colonial Africa, Race Wars, and the 'Southern Question'". In Kirkland, Ewan (ed.). Shades of Whiteness. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 35–51. doi:10.1163/9781848883833_005. ISBN 978-1-84888-383-3. S2CID 201401541.
Goeschel, Christian (March 2017). "Staging Friendship: Mussolini and Hitler in Germany in 1937". The Historical Journal. 60 (1). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press: 149–172. doi:10.1017/S0018246X15000540. ISSN 1469-5103. S2CID 156952523.
Robertson, E.M. (1988). "Race as a Factor in Mussolini's Policy in Africa and Europe". Journal of Contemporary History. 23 (1): 37–58. doi:10.1177/002200948802300103. ISSN 0022-0094. S2CID 161818702.
De Grand, Alexander (1976). "Women under Italian Fascism". The Historical Journal. 19 (4): 947–68. doi:10.1017/S0018246X76000011. JSTOR 2638244.
Sarti, Roland (8 January 2008). "Fascist Modernization in Italy: Traditional or Revolutionary". The American Historical Review. 75 (4). Roland Sarti: 1029–1045. doi:10.2307/1852268. JSTOR 1852268.
McGaw Smyth, Howard (September 1948). "Italy: From Fascism to the Republic (1943–1946)". The Western Political Quarterly. 1 (3): 205–222. doi:10.2307/442274. JSTOR 442274.

fes.de

library.fes.de

"Working Class Defence Organization, Anti-Fascist Resistance and the Arditi Del Popolo in Turin, 1919–22" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
Working Class Defence Organization, Anti-Fascist Resistance and the Arditi Del Popolo in Turin, 1919–22 Archived 19 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Antonio Sonnessa, in the European History Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 2, 183–218 (2003)

frasimania.it

Motti Fascisti: I 50 più famosi del ventennio FrasiMania.it

fsmitha.com

"Mussolini and Fascism in Italy". FSmitha.com. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 23 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.

historylearningsite.co.uk

"The Economy in Fascist Italy". HistoryLearningSite.co.uk. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.

ipercast.net

pstream.lastampa.it.dl1.ipercast.net

"ATENE – Comizio di chiusura di Alexis Tsipras". Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2015.

iwm.org.uk

"Credere Obbedire Combattere - Vincere". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.

jstor.org

De Grand, Alexander (1976). "Women under Italian Fascism". The Historical Journal. 19 (4): 947–68. doi:10.1017/S0018246X76000011. JSTOR 2638244.
Sarti, Roland (8 January 2008). "Fascist Modernization in Italy: Traditional or Revolutionary". The American Historical Review. 75 (4). Roland Sarti: 1029–1045. doi:10.2307/1852268. JSTOR 1852268.
McGaw Smyth, Howard (September 1948). "Italy: From Fascism to the Republic (1943–1946)". The Western Political Quarterly. 1 (3): 205–222. doi:10.2307/442274. JSTOR 442274.

leonardo.it

cronologia.leonardo.it

"Anno 1925". Cronologia.it. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2008.

minorityrights.org

"Minority Rights Group International – Italy – Greek-speakers" Archived 9 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine.

overland.org.au

Tiso, Giovanni (22 June 2018). "A brief fascist history of I dont care". Overland. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2016.

provincia.lucca.it

Sestani, Armando, ed. (10 February 2012). "Il confine orientale: una terra, molti esodi" [The Eastern Border: One Land, Multiple Exoduses]. I profugi istriani, dalmati e fiumani a Lucca [The Istrian, Dalmatian and Rijeka Refugees in Lucca] (PDF) (in Italian). Instituto storico della Resistenca e dell'Età Contemporanea in Provincia di Lucca. pp. 12–13. When dealing with such a race as Slavic—inferior and barbarian—we must not pursue the carrot, but the stick policy. We should not be afraid of new victims. The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps. I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

ronterpening.com

"Top Ten Facts About Mussolini". RonterPening.com. 27 January 2008. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Robertson, E.M. (1988). "Race as a Factor in Mussolini's Policy in Africa and Europe". Journal of Contemporary History. 23 (1): 37–58. doi:10.1177/002200948802300103. ISSN 0022-0094. S2CID 161818702.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Barrera, Giulia (2003). "Mussolini's colonial race laws and state-settler relations in Africa Orientale Italiana (1935–41)". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 8 (3): 425–443. doi:10.1080/09585170320000113770. S2CID 145516332.
Olindo De Napoli (2012). "The origin of the Racist Laws under fascism. A problem of historiography". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 17 (1): 106–122. doi:10.1080/1354571X.2012.628112. S2CID 216113682.
Shinn, Christopher A. (2019) [2016]. "Inside the Italian Empire: Colonial Africa, Race Wars, and the 'Southern Question'". In Kirkland, Ewan (ed.). Shades of Whiteness. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 35–51. doi:10.1163/9781848883833_005. ISBN 978-1-84888-383-3. S2CID 201401541.
Goeschel, Christian (March 2017). "Staging Friendship: Mussolini and Hitler in Germany in 1937". The Historical Journal. 60 (1). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press: 149–172. doi:10.1017/S0018246X15000540. ISSN 1469-5103. S2CID 156952523.
Robertson, E.M. (1988). "Race as a Factor in Mussolini's Policy in Africa and Europe". Journal of Contemporary History. 23 (1): 37–58. doi:10.1177/002200948802300103. ISSN 0022-0094. S2CID 161818702.

telegraph.co.uk

Squires, Nick (30 July 2018). "Italy's anti-immigration deputy PM Matteo Salvini under fire for citing Mussolini". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.

theguardian.com

How the Vatican built a secret property empire using Mussolini's millions Archived 2 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Papacy used offshore tax havens to create £500m international portfolio, featuring real estate in UK, France and Switzerland. The Guardian, 21 January 2013

time.com

"So Long Ago". Time. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
"Europe: Bread & Circuses". Time. 13 May 1946. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.

tiscalinet.it

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"Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.

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Bruscino, Felicia (25 November 2017). "Il Popolo del 1925 col manifesto antifascista: ritrovata l'unica copia". Ultima Voce (in Italian). Retrieved 23 March 2022.

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"Minority Rights Group International – Italy – Greek-speakers" Archived 9 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
Jepson, Allan; Clarke, Alan (2015). Managing and Developing Communities, Festivals and Events. AIAA. p. 137. ISBN 978-1137508539. Archived from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) Clash of civilisations Archived 6 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 4
Lemkin, Raphael; Power, Samantha (2008). Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 99–107. ISBN 978-1584779018. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
McGregor Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War Archived 18 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 138. ISBN 978-0521338356
"The Manifesto of Race" (PDF). 1938. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
Knickerbocker, H. R. (1941). Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-1417992775. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 251–253. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2018.[ISBN unspecified]
Malagreca, Miguel (May 2006). "Lottiamo Ancora 1: Reviewing One Hundred and Fifty Years of Italian Feminism" (PDF). Journal of International Women's Studies. 7 (4). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
Gregor, A. James (2004). Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism. Transaction Pub. ISBN 0765805936. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
"The Doctrine of Fascism – Benito Mussolini (1932)". WorldFutureFund.org. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2006.
Spignesi, Stephen J (2003). The Italian 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential, Cultural, Scientific, and Political Figures, Past and Present. CITADEL PR. ISBN 0806523999. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
"So Long Ago". Time. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
Speech of the 30th of May 1924 Archived 17 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine the last speech of Matteotti, from it.wikisource
"Mussolini and Fascism in Italy". FSmitha.com. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 23 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
Farrell, Nicholas Burgess (2004). Mussolini: A New Life. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 1842121235. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Elazar, Dahlia S. (2001). The Making of Fascism: Class, State, and Counter-Revolution, Italy 1919–1928 (first pub. ed.). Westport, Conn [u.a.]: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 73. ISBN 978-0275958640. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
"Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
"Mussolini's Italy". Appstate.edu. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008.
"Anno 1925". Cronologia.it. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
"The Economy in Fascist Italy". HistoryLearningSite.co.uk. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
How the Vatican built a secret property empire using Mussolini's millions Archived 2 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Papacy used offshore tax havens to create £500m international portfolio, featuring real estate in UK, France and Switzerland. The Guardian, 21 January 2013
"Top Ten Facts About Mussolini". RonterPening.com. 27 January 2008. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
Matthews Gibbs, Anthony (2001). A Bernard Shaw Chronology. Palgrave. ISBN 0312231636. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
"Pound in Purgatory". Leon Surette. 2008. ISBN 978-0252024986. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
"Mussolini Takes on the Mafia". AmericanMafia.com. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 February 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
Alan Morris Schom, A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930–1945 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine for the Simon Wiesenthal Center
Tiso, Giovanni (22 June 2018). "A brief fascist history of I dont care". Overland. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
"Credere Obbedire Combattere - Vincere". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
"Italian definition of boia" Archived 18 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Squires, Nick (30 July 2018). "Italy's anti-immigration deputy PM Matteo Salvini under fire for citing Mussolini". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
"Europe: Bread & Circuses". Time. 13 May 1946. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
"Working Class Defence Organization, Anti-Fascist Resistance and the Arditi Del Popolo in Turin, 1919–22" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
Working Class Defence Organization, Anti-Fascist Resistance and the Arditi Del Popolo in Turin, 1919–22 Archived 19 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Antonio Sonnessa, in the European History Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 2, 183–218 (2003)
"Chi Siamo". Website. ANPI.it. Archived from the original on 2 May 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
"Festa dell'anpi". anpi.it. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
"ATENE – Comizio di chiusura di Alexis Tsipras". Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2015.

wiesenthal.com

Alan Morris Schom, A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930–1945 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine for the Simon Wiesenthal Center

wikisource.org

it.wikisource.org

Speech of the 30th of May 1924 Archived 17 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine the last speech of Matteotti, from it.wikisource

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Goeschel, Christian (March 2017). "Staging Friendship: Mussolini and Hitler in Germany in 1937". The Historical Journal. 60 (1). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press: 149–172. doi:10.1017/S0018246X15000540. ISSN 1469-5103. S2CID 156952523.
Robertson, E.M. (1988). "Race as a Factor in Mussolini's Policy in Africa and Europe". Journal of Contemporary History. 23 (1): 37–58. doi:10.1177/002200948802300103. ISSN 0022-0094. S2CID 161818702.

worldfuturefund.org

"The Doctrine of Fascism – Benito Mussolini (1932)". WorldFutureFund.org. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2006.