References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Ivan III of Russia" in the English version

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Pape 2016, p. 72: "...под самый конец жизни великий князь стал пользоваться новым, расширенным титулом, а именно «царь и государь всея Руси» [...at the very end of his life the Grand Prince started to use the new extended title, i.e. “Tsar and Sovereign of all Rus'”]". Pape, Carsten (2016). "Titul Ivana III po datskim istochnikam pozdnego Srednevekov'ya" Титул Ивана III по датским источникам позднего Средневековья [The title of Ivan III according to late-medieval Danish sources]. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana (in Russian). 20 (2). St. Petersburg: 65–75. doi:10.21638/11701/spbu19.2016.205. Retrieved 16 May 2023.

Pape 2016, p. 71: "Иоанн, Божьею милостью царь и государь всеа Руси и великий князь Володимерский [Ioannes, by the Grace of God Tsar and Sovereign of all Rus' and Grand Prince of Vladimir]". Pape, Carsten (2016). "Titul Ivana III po datskim istochnikam pozdnego Srednevekov'ya" Титул Ивана III по датским источникам позднего Средневековья [The title of Ivan III according to late-medieval Danish sources]. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana (in Russian). 20 (2). St. Petersburg: 65–75. doi:10.21638/11701/spbu19.2016.205. Retrieved 16 May 2023.

Pape 2016, p. 66: "...cum illustrissimo et potenti domino, Johanne, tocius Rutzsie imperatore, magno duce Volodimerie, Muscouie, Nouogardie, Plescouie, Otpherie, Yngærie, Vetolsy, Permie, Bolgardie etc. [...with the most illustrious and powerful sovereign, Ivan, tsar of all Russia, Grand Prince of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, Yugra, Vyatka, Perm, Bolgar etc.]". Pape, Carsten (2016). "Titul Ivana III po datskim istochnikam pozdnego Srednevekov'ya" Титул Ивана III по датским источникам позднего Средневековья [The title of Ivan III according to late-medieval Danish sources]. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana (in Russian). 20 (2). St. Petersburg: 65–75. doi:10.21638/11701/spbu19.2016.205. Retrieved 16 May 2023.

Pape 2016, p. 69: "Так, датский текст, как уже показано, называет Ивана III tocius Rutzsie imperator, т. е.«царь всея Руси» [In this way, the Danish text, as it has been already shown, calls Ivan III tocius Rutzsie imperator, i.e. “tsar of all Rus'”]". Pape, Carsten (2016). "Titul Ivana III po datskim istochnikam pozdnego Srednevekov'ya" Титул Ивана III по датским источникам позднего Средневековья [The title of Ivan III according to late-medieval Danish sources]. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana (in Russian). 20 (2). St. Petersburg: 65–75. doi:10.21638/11701/spbu19.2016.205. Retrieved 16 May 2023.

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Fennell 1961, p. 354: "These may indeed be called the works of a great ruler. Yet it should never be forgotten that militarily glorious and economically sound though his reign may have been, it was also a period of cultural depression and spiritual barrenness. Freedom was stamped out within the Russian lands. By his bigoted anti-Catholicism Ivan brought down the curtain between Russia and the west. For the sake of territorial aggrandizement he deprived his country of the fruits of Western learning and civilization". Fennell, John Lister Illingworth (1961). Ivan the Great of Moscow. New York City: Macmillan. ASIN B0007IL6Q2.

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Boguslavsky 2001, p. 455. Boguslavsky, V. V. (2001). Kuksina, E. I. (ed.). Slavyanskaya entsiklopediya. Kievskaya Rus'-Moskoviya Славянская энциклопедия. Киевская Русь-Московия [Slavic Encyclopedia. Kievan Rus'-Muscovy] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Moscow: Olma-Press. ISBN 5-224-02249-5.

Kort 2008, p. 24: "For his achievements as a whole, however ruthlessly he went about realizing them, with considerable justification he is called Ivan the Great". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Letiche & Pashkov 1964, p. 97: "...Ivan III, “the Sovereign of all Rus”...". Letiche, John M.; Pashkov, A. I., eds. (1964). A History of Russian Economic Thought : Ninth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520362727.

Filjushkin 2006, p. 173: "Литва признала титул Ивана III государь всея Руси, что и было зафиксировано в перемирной грамоте [Lithuania recognized the title of Ivan III, sovereign of all Rus', which was stated in the peace treaty]". Filjushkin, Alexander (2006). Tituly russkikh gosudarey Титулы русских государей [The Titles of Russian Rulers] (in Russian). Moscow, St. Petersburg: Al'yans-Arkheo. ISBN 9785988740117.

Auty & Obolensky 1976, p. 92, In the last quarter of the fifteenth century Ivan III added to his title of Grand Prince of Moscow just three words – 'and All Russia'. Auty, Robert; Obolensky, Dimitri (1976). Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Introduction to Russian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28038-9.

Millar 2004, p. 688, grand prince of Moscow (1462–1505), sovereign of "all Russia" (from 1479). Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028656939.

Kort 2008, p. 27-28: "In 1493 Ivan added the title “Sovereign of All Russia”". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Filjushkin 2008, p. 278: "1462–1505 Ivan III Vasilievich, Grand Prince, Sovereign of all Russia". Filjushkin, Alexander (2008). Ivan the Terrible: a Military History. London: Frontline Books. ISBN 9781848325043.

MacKenzie & Curran 2002, p. 115. MacKenzie, David; Curran, Michael W. (2002). A History of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Beyond (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. ISBN 9780534586980.

Bushkovitch 2012, p. 37: "At the end of the fifteenth century, Russia came into being as a state – no longer just a group of related principalities. Precisely at this time in written usage the modern term Rossia (a literary expression borrowed from Greek) began to edge out the traditional and vernacular Rus. If we must choose a moment for the birth of Russia out of the Moscow principality, it is the final annexation of Novgorod by Grand Prince Ivan III (1462–1505) of Moscow in 1478". Bushkovitch, Paul (2012). A Concise History of Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521543231.

Letiche & Pashkov 1964, p. 97: "Under Ivan III, “the Sovereign of all Rus”, the lands around Moscow were united and the foundations of a centralized state in the form of a feudal monarchy were begun". Letiche, John M.; Pashkov, A. I., eds. (1964). A History of Russian Economic Thought : Ninth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520362727.

Kort 2008, p. 24-25. Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Letiche & Pashkov 1964, p. 97: "the foundations of a uniform state legislation (The Sudebnik [Code] of 1497 were laid)". Letiche, John M.; Pashkov, A. I., eds. (1964). A History of Russian Economic Thought : Ninth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520362727.

Kort 2008, p. 28: "In 1497 Ivan issued a new law code called the Sudebnik". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Letiche & Pashkov 1964, p. 97: "During his reign Russia's dependence on the Tatar khans ended". Letiche, John M.; Pashkov, A. I., eds. (1964). A History of Russian Economic Thought : Ninth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520362727.

Kort 2008, p. 24: "...in 1480, Ivan officially declared Russia independent of the Golden Horde". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Kort 2008, p. 26: "...Ivan formally restored Russian independence by renouncing all allegiance to the remnant of the once-mighty Golden Horde". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Kort 2008, p. 27: "During the 1480s Ivan began referring to himself with the Russian word czar, which means Caesar". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Crummey 2013, p. 96: "Ivan, however, was the first prince of Moscow to apply the title to himself in official documents. As was his custom, he proceeded cautiously, at first using it only occasionally in dealings with obvious inferiors. The pretensions of the Habsburgs stimulated him to take a risky step; beginning in 1489, he insisted on calling himself tsar in negotiations with them". Crummey, Robert O. (2013). The Formation of Muscovy 1300-1613. Longman History of Russia. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780582491533.

Bushkovitch 2021, p. 53. Bushkovitch, Paul (2021). Succession to the throne in early modern Russia: the transfer of power 1450-1725 (1st ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108479349.

The Foreign Quarterly Review 1829, p. 166: "Become independent autocrat, the humble title of grand-duke was no longer suited to his dignity: he assumed that of Tsar in his correspondence with other potentates, but at home he was satisfied with the ancient designation". "Karamsin's History of Russia". The Foreign Quarterly Review. 3. London: Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter. 1829.

The Foreign Quarterly Review 1829, p. 166: "After a splendid reign of forty-tree years, this great monarch transmitted the sceptre to his son Vassilly, who perseveringly trod in the footsteps of his father, and died in 1534". "Karamsin's History of Russia". The Foreign Quarterly Review. 3. London: Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter. 1829.

Historical Genealogy (in Russian). Zerkalo. 1993. p. 55.

Bushkovitch 2021, p. 47. Bushkovitch, Paul (2021). Succession to the throne in early modern Russia: the transfer of power 1450-1725 (1st ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108479349.

Bushkovitch 2021, p. 50. Bushkovitch, Paul (2021). Succession to the throne in early modern Russia: the transfer of power 1450-1725 (1st ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108479349.

Riasanovsky 2005, p. 65. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (29 September 2005). Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534814-9.

Stevens 2013, p. 28, First, Ivan and his heir, Vasilii III, 'gathered the Russian lands'. This phrase, 'gathering the Russian lands', speaks to Muscovy's further ambitions as well as describing actual achievement. Stevens, Carol (13 September 2013). Russia's Wars of Emergence 1460-1730. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89330-1.

Wortman, Richard S. (31 October 2013). Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy from Peter the Great to the Abdication of Nicholas II - New Abridged One-Volume Edition. Princeton University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4008-4969-7.

The Foreign Quarterly Review 1829, p. 165: "Moscow in time became the acknowledged head of the other principalities, many of which, either by conquest, or in default of succession, were permanently incorporated with it". "Karamsin's History of Russia". The Foreign Quarterly Review. 3. London: Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter. 1829.

Stevens 2013, p. 28, Still, most Russian-speaking principalities near Moscow that retained any claim to independence... were annexed... before the end of Ivan's reign. Stevens, Carol (13 September 2013). Russia's Wars of Emergence 1460-1730. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89330-1.

Hamilton 1995, p. 166. Hamilton, Neil A. (1 December 1995). Founders of Modern Nations: A Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-87436-750-8.

Bushkovitch 2012, p. 37. Bushkovitch, Paul (2012). A Concise History of Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521543231.

Bushkovitch 2021, p. 48, "Ivan III in his own time already had the reputation of the builder of the Russian state... The consolidation of Russia as a state was not just a territorial issue, for Ivan also began the development of a state apparatus...". Bushkovitch, Paul (2021). Succession to the throne in early modern Russia: the transfer of power 1450-1725 (1st ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108479349.

Millar 2004, p. 687, Under Ivan III's reign, the uniting of separate Russian principalities into a centralized state made great and rapid progress. Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028656939.

Moss 2003, p. 90. Moss, Walter G. (1 July 2003). A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6.

Millar 2004, p. 687. Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028656939.

Crummey 2013, p. 88. Crummey, Robert O. (2013). The Formation of Muscovy 1300-1613. Longman History of Russia. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780582491533.

Stone, Daniel Z. (1 July 2014). The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80362-3.

Moss 2003, p. 91. Moss, Walter G. (1 July 2003). A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6.

Pipes 1995, p. 93. Pipes, Richard (1995). Russia Under the Old Regime (2 ed.). Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9780140247688.

Kort 2008, p. 26. Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Millar 2004, p. 688, Ivan III assumed the title of the sovereign of all Russia... reflect the achievements of the grand prince in uniting the Russian lands, but it also implied claims to the rest of the territories with eastern Slavic population. Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028656939.

Kort 2008, p. 26: "Ivan satisfied himself with tightening the noose around Pskov, leaving the final task of strangling it completely and annexing it to Moscow to Vasily III, his son and successor, who dutifully completed the job in 1510". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Millar 2004, p. 688. Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028656939.

Flier, Michael; Rowland, Daniel (13 May 2022). Medieval Russian Culture, Volume II. Univ of California Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-520-35920-8.

Riasanovsky 2005, p. 64, "The Russians, for their part, had long been calling the Byzantine emperor tsar, and his capital, Constantinople, Tsargrad... most of the Kievan metropolitans, as well as some other clerics of the Russian Church, were Greeks. In other words, the Russian ruling circles and ecclesiastical intelligentsia were well aware of the Byzantine court...". Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (29 September 2005). Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534814-9.

Riasanovsky 2005, p. 64. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (29 September 2005). Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534814-9.

Kort 2008, p. 26-30. Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Franklin & Widdis 2006, p. 172. Franklin, Simon; Widdis, Emma (2006). National Identity in Russian Culture: An Introduction. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521024297.

Bushkovitch 2021, p. 51, "Grand Prince Ivan had not only given his son the grand princely title while he was still a minor and made him a co-ruler, but also marked the event with a ceremony in the main cathedral of Moscow". Bushkovitch, Paul (2021). Succession to the throne in early modern Russia: the transfer of power 1450-1725 (1st ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108479349.

Riasanovsky 2005, pp. 65–66. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (29 September 2005). Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534814-9.

Riasanovsky 2005, p. 66. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (29 September 2005). Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534814-9.

Shvidkovskiĭ 2007, p. 81-82. Shvidkovskiĭ, Dmitriĭ Olegovich (2007). Russian Architecture and the West. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300109122.

Filjushkin 2008, p. 31-32: "The first mass use of hand-held pischals in a field battle was in 1480, when the army of the Great Prince Ivan III stood against Akhmat Khan's Great Horde troops near the River Ugra. The Tatars tried to make a forced crossing of the river but were kept off the fords by archery and pischal fire". Filjushkin, Alexander (2008). Ivan the Terrible: a Military History. London: Frontline Books. ISBN 9781848325043.

Millar 2004, p. 688. Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028656939.

Monter 2006, p. 81. Monter, William (2006). Cultural Exchange in Early Modern Europe, Volume 4. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521855532.

Oresko, Gibbs & Scott 1997, p. 356. Oresko, Robert; Gibbs, G. C.; Scott, H. M. (30 January 1997). Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Memory of Ragnhild Hatton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-41910-9.

Crummey 2013, p. 96. Crummey, Robert O. (2013). The Formation of Muscovy 1300-1613. Longman History of Russia. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780582491533.

Crummey 2013, p. 134. Crummey, Robert O. (2013). The Formation of Muscovy 1300-1613. Longman History of Russia. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780582491533.

Madariaga 2014, p. 21. Madariaga, Isabel De (17 June 2014). Politics and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Russia: Collected Essays by Isabel de Madariaga. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88190-2.

Kort 2008, p. 26: "In the course of its expansion, Lithuania had conquered a huge swath of territory that formerly belonged to Kievan Rus, including Kiev itself. As far as Ivan was concerned, Moscow was the legitimate heir to all these territories, not non-Russian, Catholic Lithuania, and he was determined to enforce that right". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Kort 2008, p. 26: "He began with a drawn-out series of skirmishes in the late 1480s and early 1490s". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Kort 2008, p. 26: "...concluded with a full-scale war from 1500 to 1503". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Kort 2008, p. 26-27: "However, the city of Smolensk, Ivan's main target, remained beyond his reach; it was left to his son Vasily III finally to take Smolensk in 1514". Kort, Michael (2008). A Brief History of Russia. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108292.

Moss 2003, p. 88, "Ivan III (1462–1505) and his son, Vasili III (1505–1533), completed Moscow's quest to dominate Great Russia. Of the two rulers, Ivan III (the Great) accomplished the most, and Russian historians have called him 'the gatherer of the Russian lands.'". Moss, Walter G. (1 July 2003). A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6.

Filjushkin 2006, p. 196. Filjushkin, Alexander (2006). Tituly russkikh gosudarey Титулы русских государей [The Titles of Russian Rulers] (in Russian). Moscow, St. Petersburg: Al'yans-Arkheo. ISBN 9785988740117.

Filjushkin 2006, p. 199. Filjushkin, Alexander (2006). Tituly russkikh gosudarey Титулы русских государей [The Titles of Russian Rulers] (in Russian). Moscow, St. Petersburg: Al'yans-Arkheo. ISBN 9785988740117.

Sokolov 2002, p. 206. Sokolov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich (2002). Potomstvo Ryurika: polnyi perechen' knyazey i dvoryan, potomkov Ryurika - pervogo russkogo knyazya, osnovatelya dinastii Ryurikovichey i russkoy gosudarstvennosi Потомство Рюрика: полный перечень князей и дворян, потомков Рюрика - первого русского князя, основателя династии Рюриковичей и русской государственности [The Offspring of Rurik: a Complete List of Princes and Nobles, the Descendants of Rurik - the First Russian Prince, Founder of the Rurik Dynasty and Russian Statehood] (in Russian) (2 ed.). Nizhny Novgorod: Institute of Economic Development of Nizhny Novgorod.

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Paul 2007, p. 131-170. Paul, Michael C. (2007). "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod up to the Muscovite Conquest". Kritika. 8 (2). Long Beach, California: Slavica, Publishers: 131–170. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0020. S2CID 153403531.

Paul 2007, p. 261. Paul, Michael C. (2007). "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod up to the Muscovite Conquest". Kritika. 8 (2). Long Beach, California: Slavica, Publishers: 131–170. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0020. S2CID 153403531.

Paul 2007, p. 264. Paul, Michael C. (2007). "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod up to the Muscovite Conquest". Kritika. 8 (2). Long Beach, California: Slavica, Publishers: 131–170. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0020. S2CID 153403531.

Paul 2007, p. 268. Paul, Michael C. (2007). "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod up to the Muscovite Conquest". Kritika. 8 (2). Long Beach, California: Slavica, Publishers: 131–170. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0020. S2CID 153403531.

Paul 2007, p. 267. Paul, Michael C. (2007). "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod up to the Muscovite Conquest". Kritika. 8 (2). Long Beach, California: Slavica, Publishers: 131–170. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0020. S2CID 153403531.

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Polovtsov 1897, p. 193: "Iоаннъ III Васильевичъ, великiй князь всея Руси, называемый такъ же иногда Великимъ [Ioannes III Vasilyevich, Grand Prince of all Rus', sometimes also called the Great]". Polovtsov, A. A., ed. (1897). Russkiy biograficheskiy slovar' Русскiй бiографическiй словарь [Russian Biographic Dictionary] (in Russian). Vol. VIII. St. Petersburg: Crown Land Office.

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Ivan III of Russia (English Wikipedia)

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