J. R. R. Tolkien (English Wikipedia)

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Bramlett, Perry C. (2002). I Am in Fact a Hobbit: An Introduction to the Life and Works of J. R. R. Tolkien. Mercer University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-86554-894-7. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. See also: Book of the Foxrook Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Smith, Arden R. (2006). "Esperanto". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. p. 172, and Book of the Foxrook Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine; transcription on Tolkien i Esperanto Archived 19 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine; the text begins with "PRIVATA KODO SKAŬTA" (Private Scout Code).
Zettersten, A. (25 April 2011). J. R. R. Tolkien's Double Worlds and Creative Process: Language and Life. Springer. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-230-11840-9. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018.
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Grotta, Daniel (28 March 2001). J. R. R. Tolkien Architect of Middle Earth. Running Press. pp. 110–. ISBN 978-0-7624-0956-3. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.
Birzer, Bradley J. (13 May 2014). J. R. R. Tolkien's Sanctifying Myth: Understanding Middle-earth. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-4976-4891-3. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020.
Ware, Jim (2006). Finding God in The Hobbit. Tyndale House Publishers. p. xxii. ISBN 978-1-4143-0596-7.
Flieger, Verlyn (2001). "Strange Powers of the Mind". A Question of Time: J. R. R. Tolkien's Road to Faërie. Kent State University Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-0-87338-699-9. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.

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Shippey, T. A. (11 April 2024). "Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1892–1973)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (revised ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31766. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Rearick, Anderson (2004). "Why is the Only Good Orc a Dead Orc? The Dark Face of Racism Examined in Tolkien's World". Modern Fiction Studies. 50 (4): 866–867. doi:10.1353/mfs.2005.0008. ISSN 0026-7724. JSTOR 26286382. S2CID 162647975.
Fimi, Dimitra (2006). "'Mad' Elves and 'elusive beauty': some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology". Folklore. 117 (2): 156–170. doi:10.1080/00155870600707847. ISSN 1547-3155. JSTOR 30035484. S2CID 162292626.
Artamonova, Maria (15 April 2014). "'Minor' Works". In Lee, Stuart D. (ed.). A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien. Wiley. Chapter 13. doi:10.1002/9781118517468. ISBN 978-0-470-65982-3. S2CID 160570361.
Larsen, Kristine (2007). "SAURON, Mount Doom, and Elvish Moths: The Influence of Tolkien on Modern Science". Tolkien Studies. 4 (1): 223–234. doi:10.1353/tks.2007.0024. S2CID 170563966.

elendilion.pl

Derdziński, Ryszard (2017). "On J. R. R. Tolkien's Roots" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2019.
Smith, Arden R. (2006). "Esperanto". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. p. 172, and Book of the Foxrook Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine; transcription on Tolkien i Esperanto Archived 19 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine; the text begins with "PRIVATA KODO SKAŬTA" (Private Scout Code).

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McCoy, Felicity Hayes (11 June 2019). "When my father met Gandalf: Tolkien's time as an external examiner at UCG". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.

iwm.org.uk

Tolkien's Webley .455 service revolver was put on display in 2006 as part of a Battle of the Somme exhibition in the Imperial War Museum, London. (See "Second Lieutenant J R R Tolkien". Battle of the Somme. Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. and "Webley.455 Mark 6 (VI Military)". Imperial War Museum Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018.)

jstor.org

Rearick, Anderson (2004). "Why is the Only Good Orc a Dead Orc? The Dark Face of Racism Examined in Tolkien's World". Modern Fiction Studies. 50 (4): 866–867. doi:10.1353/mfs.2005.0008. ISSN 0026-7724. JSTOR 26286382. S2CID 162647975.
Fimi, Dimitra (2006). "'Mad' Elves and 'elusive beauty': some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology". Folklore. 117 (2): 156–170. doi:10.1080/00155870600707847. ISSN 1547-3155. JSTOR 30035484. S2CID 162292626.
Yates, Jessica (1994). "J.I.M. Stewart, J.B. Timbermill and J.R.R. Tolkien". Mallorn (31): 54–56. JSTOR 45320385.

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Maier-Zucchino, Evan (23 May 2019). "After Nearly 40 Years, Video Games Still Don't Do Lord Of The Rings Justice". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2020.

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United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth "consistent series" supplied in Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

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Martinez, Michael (27 July 2002). "Middle-earth Revised, Again". Michael Martinez Tolkien Essays. Archived from the original on 17 June 2008.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

Several of his service records, mostly dealing with his health problems, can be seen at the National Archives. ("Officer's service record: J R R Tolkien". First World War. National Archives. Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2007.)

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news.nationalgeographic.com

Handwerk, Brian (1 March 2004). "Lord of the Rings Inspired by an Ancient Epic". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2006.

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Brennan, David (21 September 2018). "The Hobbit: How Tolkien Sunk a German Anti-Semitic Inquiry Into His Race". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2023. My great-great-grandfather came to England in the eighteenth century from Germany: the main part of my descent is therefore purely English, and I am an English subject – which should be sufficient.

newyorker.com

Acocella, Joan (2 June 2014). "Slaying Monsters: Tolkien's 'Beowulf'". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 30 May 2014.

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"Honorary Degrees Awarded". National University of Ireland. 3 March 2021. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.

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"J. R. R. Tolkien Dead at 81; Wrote 'The Lord of the Rings'". The New York Times. 3 September 1973. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
Phillip, Norman (2005). "The Prevalence of Hobbits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
"Oxford Calling". The New York Times. 5 June 1955. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
McDowell, Edwin (4 September 1983). "Middle-earth Revisited". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
Canby, Vincent (15 November 1978). "Film: 'The Lord of the Rings' From Ralph Bakshi". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
Koblin, John (13 November 2017). "'Lord of the Rings' Series Coming to Amazon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018.

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"J. R. R. Tolkien". Open Plaques. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

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"Memorial to JRR Tolkien commissioned". Pembroke College Oxford. University of Oxford. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
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Shippey, T. A. (11 April 2024). "Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1892–1973)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (revised ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31766. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

oxfordhistory.org.uk

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Gray, Christopher (2 January 2014). "Affectionate memories of life at Christ Church". Oxford Mail. Retrieved 24 November 2023. Lemprière then turns to the fictional output of his colleague J.B. Timbermill and observes: 'I suppose that rum book of his might be called a novel of sorts.' The 'rum book' is Lord of the Rings ...

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Rearick, Anderson (2004). "Why is the Only Good Orc a Dead Orc? The Dark Face of Racism Examined in Tolkien's World". Modern Fiction Studies. 50 (4): 866–867. doi:10.1353/mfs.2005.0008. ISSN 0026-7724. JSTOR 26286382. S2CID 162647975.
Fimi, Dimitra (2006). "'Mad' Elves and 'elusive beauty': some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology". Folklore. 117 (2): 156–170. doi:10.1080/00155870600707847. ISSN 1547-3155. JSTOR 30035484. S2CID 162292626.
Artamonova, Maria (15 April 2014). "'Minor' Works". In Lee, Stuart D. (ed.). A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien. Wiley. Chapter 13. doi:10.1002/9781118517468. ISBN 978-0-470-65982-3. S2CID 160570361.
Larsen, Kristine (2007). "SAURON, Mount Doom, and Elvish Moths: The Influence of Tolkien on Modern Science". Tolkien Studies. 4 (1): 223–234. doi:10.1353/tks.2007.0024. S2CID 170563966.

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Smith, Arden R. (2006). "Esperanto". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. p. 172, and Book of the Foxrook Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine; transcription on Tolkien i Esperanto Archived 19 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine; the text begins with "PRIVATA KODO SKAŬTA" (Private Scout Code).

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Power, Ed (27 November 2018). "JRR Tolkien's orcs are no more racist than George Lucas's Stormtroopers". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

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Brennan, David (21 September 2018). "The Hobbit: How Tolkien Sunk a German Anti-Semitic Inquiry Into His Race". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2023. My great-great-grandfather came to England in the eighteenth century from Germany: the main part of my descent is therefore purely English, and I am an English subject – which should be sufficient.
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Derdziński, Ryszard. "Z Prus do Anglii. Saga rodziny J. R. R. Tolkiena (XIV–XIX wiek)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2019.
"Absolute Verteilung des Namens 'Tolkien'". verwandt.de (in German). MyHeritage UK. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
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Doughan, David (2002). "JRR Tolkien Biography". Life of Tolkien. Archived from the original on 3 March 2006.
"Tolkien's Not-So-Secret Vice". Archived from the original on 22 November 2012.
"Tolkien's Languages". Archived from the original on 24 December 2013.
Bramlett, Perry C. (2002). I Am in Fact a Hobbit: An Introduction to the Life and Works of J. R. R. Tolkien. Mercer University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-86554-894-7. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. See also: Book of the Foxrook Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Smith, Arden R. (2006). "Esperanto". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. p. 172, and Book of the Foxrook Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine; transcription on Tolkien i Esperanto Archived 19 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine; the text begins with "PRIVATA KODO SKAŬTA" (Private Scout Code).
"1911 – J. R. R. Tolkien besichtigt das Oberwallis". Valais Wallis Digital (in German). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016, citing Carpenter & Tolkien 1981, Letters #306 to Michael Tolkien, autumn 1968. ———; Tolkien, Christopher, eds. (1981). The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. London: George Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0-04-826005-5.
Doughan, David (2002). "War, Lost Tales and Academia". J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch. Archived from the original on 3 March 2006.
"Memorials". The Tolkien Society. 29 October 2016. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
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Several of his service records, mostly dealing with his health problems, can be seen at the National Archives. ("Officer's service record: J R R Tolkien". First World War. National Archives. Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2007.)
Zettersten, A. (25 April 2011). J. R. R. Tolkien's Double Worlds and Creative Process: Language and Life. Springer. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-230-11840-9. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018.
Grotta, Daniel (28 March 2001). J. R. R. Tolkien Architect of Middle Earth. Running Press. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-0-7624-0956-3. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
Acocella, Joan (2 June 2014). "Slaying Monsters: Tolkien's 'Beowulf'". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 30 May 2014.
Ramey, Bill (30 March 1998). "The Unity of Beowulf: Tolkien and the Critics". Wisdom's Children. Archived from the original on 21 April 2006.
Kennedy, Michael (2001). "Tolkien and Beowulf – Warriors of Middle-earth". Amon Hen. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006.
Grotta, Daniel (28 March 2001). J. R. R. Tolkien Architect of Middle Earth. Running Press. pp. 110–. ISBN 978-0-7624-0956-3. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.
McCoy, Felicity Hayes (11 June 2019). "When my father met Gandalf: Tolkien's time as an external examiner at UCG". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
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Tolkien pronounced his surname /ˈtɒlkiːn/.^[1]^{[page needed]} In General American, the surname is commonly pronounced /ˈtoʊlkiːn/ ^ⓘ.^[2]

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