Japanese yen (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Japanese yen" in English language version.

Last modified: 06:59:38, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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4036web.archive.org

1^st place

1513books.google.com

3^rd place

118boj.or.jp

8,794^th place

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55mof.go.jp

5,720^th place

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54economist.com

331^st place

272^nd place

55imf.org

225^th place

601^st place

44worldcat.org

4^th place

44mint.go.jp

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44bis.org

6,204^th place

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33asahi.com

124^th place

790^th place

33reuters.com

38^th place

30^th place

22openlibrary.org

185^th place

154^th place

22meijigakuin.ac.jp

low place

22japantimes.co.jp

407^th place

286^th place

22doi.org

2^nd place

22japantoday.com

4,588^th place

3,242^nd place

22ecb.int

6,703^rd place

7,354^th place

22nikkei.com

169^th place

849^th place

21fas.org

730^th place

519^th place

11stat.go.jp

3,555^th place

8,063^rd place

11jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

11proquest.com

121^st place

59^th place

11bbc.com

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11aozora.gr.jp

7,704^th place

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11archive.org

6^th place

11waseda.jp

4,707^th place

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11ngccoin.com

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6,191^st place

11pcgs.com

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11numisbids.com

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11ndl.go.jp

83^rd place

1,356^th place

11eh.net

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11shugiin.go.jp

2,359^th place

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11cao.go.jp

2,899^th place

9,501^st place

11yomiuri.co.jp

333^rd place

1,402^nd place

11theguardian.com

16^th place

11^th place

11thefreelibrary.com

686^th place

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11kyodonews.net

3,001^st place

1,894^th place

11soranews24.com

low place

8,550^th place

11nytimes.com

7^th place

11ghostarchive.org

64^th place

28^th place

11ft.com

193^rd place

127^th place

11jiji.com

805^th place

5,560^th place

11repec.org

4,857^th place

3,422^nd place

11tbs.co.jp

702^nd place

2,584^th place

11president.jp

3,672^nd place

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1147news.jp

2,265^th place

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11bloomberg.com

118^th place

85^th place

11com.

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11moneypost.jp

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11goldmansachs.com

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47news.jp (Global: 2,265^th place; English: low place)

"円の国際価値が過去最低、BIS ドルなどと大差、通貨地位揺らぐ". 47NEWS (in Japanese). Kyodo News. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.

aozora.gr.jp (Global: 7,704^th place; English: low place)

S. Hashimoto (1950). 国語音韻の変遷 [The History of Japanese Phonology] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Hepburn (1867). Hepburn, James Curtis (1867). A Japanese and English Dictionary. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. OCLC 32634467. OL 13132016W.

asahi.com (Global: 124^th place; English: 790^th place)

円の実力、なぜ過去最低水準金利差だけではない日本経済の「弱さ」：朝日新聞デジタル [Why is the yen's strength at its lowest level ever? The weakness of the Japanese economy is not just due to the interest rate differential]. Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun. 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
"（時時刻刻）口先介入、薄れた効果１カ月４円下落「市場に見透かされ」：朝日新聞デジタル" [(Time and Time) Lip service, faded effect, 4 yen drop in one month 'The market saw through']. Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). 26 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
"日本円が「ジャンク通貨」に？ロシアや新興国通貨よりも価値下落：朝日新聞デジタル" [Will the Japanese yen become a "junk currency"? Decrease in value compared to Russian and emerging market currencies]. 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun. 2 September 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2023.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"Japan disaster: G7 intervene to control yen rise". BBC News. 18 March 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2025.

bis.org (Global: 6,204^th place; English: 4,995^th place)

bis.org

"Foreign exchange turnover in April 2013: preliminary global results" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Ferrari, Massimo; Kearns, Jonathan; Schrimpf, Andreas (1 August 2021). "Monetary policy's rising FX impact in the era of ultra-low rates". Journal of Banking & Finance. 129 106142. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106142.
Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2025 (PDF) (Report). Bank for International Settlements. 30 September 2025. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2025.

data.bis.org

"Real effective exchange rate, Japan / Narrow basket". data.bis.org. Retrieved 8 July 2024.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

"Why Japan's Yen Is the Weakest in 20 Years and What That Means". Bloomberg News. 10 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2024.

boj.or.jp (Global: 8,794^th place; English: low place)

boj.or.jp

"A historical chronology of the Bank of Japan" (in Japanese). Bank of Japan. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
"日本銀行創立の経緯について教えてください。". Bank of Japan. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
"その他有効な銀行券・貨幣" (in Japanese). Bank of Japan. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
Bank of Japan: "Statistics" Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. 2008.
"Foreign Exchange Rates". Bank of Japan. 2006. Archived from the original on 17 June 2008.

stat-search.boj.or.jp

"BOJ's Main Time-series Statistics". Bank of Japan. 27 April 2024. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
"BOJ Time-Series Data Search". Retrieved 21 June 2024.

imes.boj.or.jp

Japan Currency Museum (日本貨幣博物館) permanent exhibit, articles: The History of Japanese Currency, FAQs Japanese Currency Archived August 7, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Edouard Frossard (1878). The Coin Collector's Journal. Vol. 3. Scott and Company. p. 40.
Annual Report of the Director of the United States Mint. United States Mint. 1895. p. 368.
Report of the Adoption of the Gold Standard in Japan. Government Press. 1899. pp. 2–8.
John Eatwell (2016). "Years-Estyate For Yen". Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy. Springer. p. 683. ISBN 978-1-349-10358-4.
History - The First Period. Financial and Economic Annual of Japan. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1907. p. 25.
Gaoheng Zhang, Mario Mignone (2019). A bridge of Art and Culture Connecting Italy and Japan. Exchanges and Parallels between Italy and East Asia. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-5275-4462-8.
The Gold Standard in Japan. Sound Currency Committee of the Reform Club. 1899. p. 20.
Reserve Paper Money and Temporary Loan for the Redemption of Paper Money. Japanese Monographs. Oxford University Press. 1922. p. 32.
The Gold Standard in Japan. Sound Currency Committee of the Reform Club. 1899. p. 29.
Herbert Max Bratter (1931). Abolition of the National Banks. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 19.
Japan - Finance and Coinage System in Japan. The Americana: A Universal Reference Library, Comprising the Arts and Sciences, Literature, History, Biography, Geography, Commerce, Etc., of the World. Biographies. Vol. 15. Encyclopedia America Corporation. 1923. p. 706.
Andrew Williams (2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction. CRC Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1.
Blackwell, A.H. (1892). Rin Abolished. Vol. 18. The Japan Daily Mail. p. 271. Retrieved 1 March 2024.

cao.go.jp (Global: 2,899^th place; English: 9,501^st place)

www5.cao.go.jp

"Section 1 Japanese Economy and Globalization". Cabinet Office Home Page. Retrieved 20 November 2025.

com. (Global: low place; English: low place)

bloomberg.com.

Yokoyama, Erica; Urabe, Emi (11 April 2024). "Yen Traders Wary of Intervention as Japan Warns Against Drop". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 April 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Ferrari, Massimo; Kearns, Jonathan; Schrimpf, Andreas (1 August 2021). "Monetary policy's rising FX impact in the era of ultra-low rates". Journal of Banking & Finance. 129 106142. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106142.
Watanabe, Tsutomu; Yabu, Tomoyoshi (1 February 2013). "The great intervention and massive money injection: The Japanese experience 2003–2004". Journal of International Money and Finance. 32: 428–443. doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2012.05.002.

ecb.int (Global: 6,703^rd place; English: 7,354^th place)

For 1999–2005: International Relations Committee Task Force on Accumulation of Foreign Reserves (February 2006), The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves (PDF), Occasional Paper Series, Nr. 43, Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank, ISSN 1607-1484ISSN 1725-6534 (online).
Review of the International Role of the Euro (PDF), Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank, December 2005, ISSN 1725-2210ISSN 1725-6593 (online).

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

Kambayashi, Satoshi (1 February 2007). "What keeps bankers awake at night?". The Economist. London. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. (Note: archive contains original version of article in full)
Kambayashi, Satoshi (8 February 2007). "Carry on living dangerously". The Economist. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007. (Note: archive contains original version of article in full)
Editorial (30 April 2024). "Japan is wrong to try to prop up the yen". The Economist.
"How Japan poses a threat to the global financial system". The Economist. 2 November 2023.

eh.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EH.Net Encyclopedia: Gold Standard". Archived from the original on 24 November 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2012.

fas.org (Global: 730^th place; English: 519^th place)

sgp.fas.org

Nanto, Dick K., Japan's Currency Intervention: Policy Issues, RL33178; Congressional Research Service, 2007 https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL33178.pdf Archived August 4, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Soble, Jonathan (28 February 2014). "Cash remains king in Japan". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Soble, Jonathan (28 February 2014). "Cash remains king in Japan". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

goldmansachs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Japanese yen will likely remain weak for months to come". Goldman Sachs. Retrieved 23 May 2024.

imf.org (Global: 225^th place; English: 601^st place)

imf.org

"Japan: Staff Concluding Statement of the 2025 Article IV Mission". IMF. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
"IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Article IV Consultation with Japan". IMF. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
"IMF Launches New SDR Basket Including Chinese Renminbi, Determines New Currency Amounts". IMF. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.

elibrary.imf.org

Quirk, Peter J. (1977). "Exchange Rate Policy in Japan: Leaning against the Wind". Staff Papers. 24 (3). International Monetary Fund: 642–664. JSTOR 3866499. ProQuest 1301729508.

data.imf.org

For 1995–99, 2006–25: "Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)". Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

Hongo, Jun (13 September 2011). "Despite mounting debt, yen still a safe haven". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
"Japan announces new ¥10,000, ¥5,000 and ¥1,000 bank notes as Reiwa Era looms". Japan Times. 9 April 2019. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

japantoday.com (Global: 4,588^th place; English: 3,242^nd place)

"Why the 50-yen coin has a hole and other fun facts about Japanese coins". Japan Today. 1 December 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
"Counterfeit 500-yen coins circulating in Tokai". Japan Today. 7 August 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2024.

jiji.com (Global: 805^th place; English: 5,560^th place)

紙幣肖像の変遷（2019年4月） (in Japanese). Jiji Press. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Quirk, Peter J. (1977). "Exchange Rate Policy in Japan: Leaning against the Wind". Staff Papers. 24 (3). International Monetary Fund: 642–664. JSTOR 3866499. ProQuest 1301729508.

kyodonews.net (Global: 3,001^st place; English: 1,894^th place)

english.kyodonews.net

"Japan starts minting coins stamped with new imperial era "Reiwa"". Kyodo News. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2025.

meijigakuin.ac.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"明治学院大学図書館 – 和英語林集成デジタルアーカイブス". Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
明治学院大学図書館 – 和英語林集成デジタルアーカイブス (in Japanese). Meijigakuin.ac.jp. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2016.

mint.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Coins Presently Minted". Japan Mint. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
Japan Mint. "Number of Coin Production (calendar year)". Archived from the original on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2006.
Japan Mint. "Commemorative Coins issued up to now". Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2006.
Japan Mint. "75th anniversary of Japan's shift from gold standard to managed currency system". Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.

mof.go.jp (Global: 5,720^th place; English: low place)

"統計表一覧（外国為替平衡操作の実施状況）". 財務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
"外国為替平衡操作の実施状況(令和4年7月～令和4年9月)". 財務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
"外国為替平衡操作の実施状況(令和4年10月～令和4年12月)". 財務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
"外国為替平衡操作の実施状況(令和6年4月26日～令和6年5月29日)". 財務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
紙幣の肖像の選定理由を教えてください (in Japanese). Ministry of Finance. Japan. Archived from the original on 10 September 2021.

moneypost.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"円安で日本円は"ジャンク通貨"になった海外両替所に日本円の表示がないことも" [The depreciation of the yen has turned the Japanese yen into a "junk currency". Overseas currency exchange offices may not display Japanese yen.]. マネーポストWEB (in Japanese). Shogakukan. 25 August 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2023.

ndl.go.jp (Global: 83^rd place; English: 1,356^th place)

dl.ndl.go.jp

"国立銀行紙幣の通用及引換期限に関する法律". Ministry of Finance (Japan). Retrieved 27 December 2020.

ngccoin.com (Global: low place; English: 6,191^st place)

"Japan Fun KM# Pn2 - (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.

nikkei.com (Global: 169^th place; English: 849^th place)

Editorial Committee member: Futoshi Oguri (19 May 2024). "「歴史的円安」解消、なお時間金利差より厚い需給の壁編集委員小栗太" [How long does it take for the "historically weak yen" to end? The wall between supply and demand is thicker than the interest rate difference]. Nihon Keizai Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 19 May 2024.
"ドル円相場、「円弱」1ドル150円理由は金利差だけじゃない" [The dollar/yen exchange rate is "weak" at 150 yen to the dollar, and the reason is not just the interest rate difference.]. 日本経済新聞 (in Japanese). Nikkei. 13 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.

numisbids.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pattern Crossed flag&Mt. Fuji 1Momme Copper ND(1869?)". numisbids.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Sanger, David E. (8 February 1990). "Fake Coins Embarrass The Japanese". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

Medhurst (1830), p. 296. Medhurst, Walter (1830). An English and Japanese, and Japanese and English Vocabulary: Compiled from Native Works. Batavia, Dutch East Indies. OCLC 5452087. OL 23422004M.
Hepburn (1867). Hepburn, James Curtis (1867). A Japanese and English Dictionary. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. OCLC 32634467. OL 13132016W.

pcgs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"(nd(1869) P5 Fun KM-Pn3, BN) (Special Strike)Last Update". Professional Coin Grading Service. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.

president.jp (Global: 3,672^nd place; English: low place)

"このままでは日本の伝統的企業が海外に買われていく…円安が止まらない日本を待ち受ける"最悪のシナリオ" 政府は円安政策を意図的に進めているように見える" [If things continue like this, traditional Japanese companies will be bought out by foreign companies...The 'worst case scenario' awaits Japan as the yen continues to depreciate.The government appears to be intentionally pursuing a policy of depreciating the yen.]. PRESIDENT Online（プレジデントオンライン） (in Japanese). 9 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Quirk, Peter J. (1977). "Exchange Rate Policy in Japan: Leaning against the Wind". Staff Papers. 24 (3). International Monetary Fund: 642–664. JSTOR 3866499. ProQuest 1301729508.

repec.org (Global: 4,857^th place; English: 3,422^nd place)

ideas.repec.org

Nakamura, Fumitaka; Sudo, Nao; Sugisaki, Yu (April 2021). "A Quest for Monetary Policy Shocks in Japan by High Frequency Identification". IMES Discussion Paper Series. Retrieved 21 November 2025.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

reuters.com

"Timeline: History of central bank intervention". Reuters. 25 March 2010.
Kihara, Leica (31 January 2024). "IMF sees Japan committed to flexible exchange rate". Reuters.

jp.reuters.com

Daisaku Ueno (Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities) (19 January 2024). "コラム：能登半島地震で明白になった「円の安全神話」崩壊の構図＝植野大作氏" [Column: The collapse of the "myth of yen safety" revealed by the Noto Peninsula earthquake]. Reuters (in Japanese). Retrieved 29 February 2024. (op-ed)

shugiin.go.jp (Global: 2,359^th place; English: low place)

A law of the abolition of currencies in a small denomination and rounding off a fraction, 15 July 1953, Law No.60 (小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律, Shōgakutsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kansuru hōritsu))

soranews24.com (Global: low place; English: 8,550^th place)

Bassel, Casey (8 December 2016). "Japan's 500-yen coin has two hidden messages, and here're where to find them". SoraNews24. Retrieved 30 May 2024.

stat.go.jp (Global: 3,555^th place; English: 8,063^rd place)

"Statistics Bureau Home Page/Consumer Price Index". Stat.go.jp. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2026.

tbs.co.jp (Global: 702^nd place; English: 2,584^th place)

newsdig.tbs.co.jp

"一時1ドル＝161円台に突入 37年半ぶりの円安･ドル高水準に". TBS NEWS DIG. 28 June 2024. Archived from the original on 17 November 2025. Retrieved 17 November 2025.

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 686^th place; English: 383^rd place)

"Coalition sets up talks on yen's redenomination. - Free Online Library". Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

"Japan aims to jump-start economy with $1.4tn of quantitative easing". The Guardian. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.

waseda.jp (Global: 4,707^th place; English: low place)

日本の通貨はなぜ「円」なのか大隈重信と新1万円札・渋沢栄一【前編】 (in Japanese). Waseda University. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Statistics Bureau Home Page/Consumer Price Index". Stat.go.jp. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2026.
"Foreign exchange turnover in April 2013: preliminary global results" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
S. Hashimoto (1950). 国語音韻の変遷 [The History of Japanese Phonology] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
"明治学院大学図書館 – 和英語林集成デジタルアーカイブス". Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
明治学院大学図書館 – 和英語林集成デジタルアーカイブス (in Japanese). Meijigakuin.ac.jp. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
Japan Currency Museum (日本貨幣博物館) permanent exhibit, articles: The History of Japanese Currency, FAQs Japanese Currency Archived August 7, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
日本の通貨はなぜ「円」なのか大隈重信と新1万円札・渋沢栄一【前編】 (in Japanese). Waseda University. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
"Japan Fun KM# Pn2 - (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
"(nd(1869) P5 Fun KM-Pn3, BN) (Special Strike)Last Update". Professional Coin Grading Service. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
"Pattern Crossed flag&Mt. Fuji 1Momme Copper ND(1869?)". numisbids.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
"EH.Net Encyclopedia: Gold Standard". Archived from the original on 24 November 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
"50 years on / Shift from USD to yen triggered upheaval in Okinawa". The Yomiuri Shimbun. 25 January 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
Nanto, Dick K., Japan's Currency Intervention: Policy Issues, RL33178; Congressional Research Service, 2007 https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL33178.pdf Archived August 4, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
Hongo, Jun (13 September 2011). "Despite mounting debt, yen still a safe haven". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
Kambayashi, Satoshi (1 February 2007). "What keeps bankers awake at night?". The Economist. London. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. (Note: archive contains original version of article in full)
Kambayashi, Satoshi (8 February 2007). "Carry on living dangerously". The Economist. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007. (Note: archive contains original version of article in full)
"Japan aims to jump-start economy with $1.4tn of quantitative easing". The Guardian. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
"Coalition sets up talks on yen's redenomination. - Free Online Library". Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
"その他有効な銀行券・貨幣" (in Japanese). Bank of Japan. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
"Why the 50-yen coin has a hole and other fun facts about Japanese coins". Japan Today. 1 December 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
Japan Mint. "Number of Coin Production (calendar year)". Archived from the original on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2006.
Japan Mint. "Commemorative Coins issued up to now". Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2006.
Sanger, David E. (8 February 1990). "Fake Coins Embarrass The Japanese". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
紙幣の肖像の選定理由を教えてください (in Japanese). Ministry of Finance. Japan. Archived from the original on 10 September 2021.
紙幣肖像の変遷（2019年4月） (in Japanese). Jiji Press. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021.
"Japan announces new ¥10,000, ¥5,000 and ¥1,000 bank notes as Reiwa Era looms". Japan Times. 9 April 2019. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
Japan Mint. "75th anniversary of Japan's shift from gold standard to managed currency system". Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
Bank of Japan: "Statistics" Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. 2008.
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yomiuri.co.jp (Global: 333^rd place; English: 1,402^nd place)

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