Heraldic Visitation of the Northern Counties in 1530 by Thomas Tonge, Norroy King of Arms (1836); online at [1]; section on 'The Monasterie of Tynmouth' (pp 35–6 in the 1836 publication). This states that the Prior "whose name ys GARDENER ... ys descended of the noble Queen Kateryn, wyfe of Kyng Henry the vith ... For the said Quene Kateryne was after maryed to Owayn Teddur, by whom he had yssue ... Jasper Duc of Bedford. Whiche Jasper begat a bastard doughter called Ellen, maryed Willyam Gardener, who was father to my said Lord Priour". The record adds: "Be it noted that the said PRIOUR OF TYNMOUTH, hath given unto me, Norrey King of Arms of the North parties, this pedigre and armes of his awne reporte, which he woll offerme at all tymes to verefy and approve before the Kynge and his Counsaill, that this pedigre is true and the armes also."
See College of Arms, 'Records and Collections' (retrieved 15 February 2018); and the preface to the 1836 Surtees Society publication of Tonge's 1530 Visitation. As Norroy King of Arms, Dugdale, like Tonge, was the member of the College of Arms with heraldic jurisdiction for the counties of England north of the River Trent.
Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family. The French Royal Arms quartered with those of England were first adopted by King Edward III to represent his claim to the French throne, a practice followed by subsequent English Kings until 1801. These arms were also borne by some cadet branches of the English Royal House of Plantagenet, with an added border ('bordure') or superimposed 'label' to serve as 'marks of difference'. The differenced versions of the Plantagenet arms granted by Henry VI to his maternal half-brothers Jasper and Edmund Tudor were extraordinary grants since they were not descended from the English royal family. See the main articles Coats of arms of the House of Plantagenet and the Royal Arms of England.
"Iasper of Hatfeild Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford", in William Dugdale's Baronage of England (1675–6) vol iii p. 241 at 242, online at [2] retrieved 15 February 2018.
See, for example: Burke, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland and Scotland (1831) at pp 524–5; Archbold, W.A.J. "Tudor, Jasper" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 57. pp. 288–290. : "[Jasper Tudor] ... left an illegitimate daughter, Helen, who is said to have married William Gardiner, and to have been the mother of Stephen Gardiner [q.v.]"; G.E.Cokayne's The Complete Peerage, First edition (1887–1898), 2nd revised edition ed by V. Gibbs, vol ii (1912) at p. 73 n. (d): "Helen, his illegit. da. m. William Gardiner, citizen of London, and was mother of Stephen, the celebrated Bishop of Winchester".
