Jat Sikh (English Wikipedia)

Singh, Jagjit (1981). The Sikh Revolution: A Perspective View. New Delhi: Bahri Publications. ISBN 9788170340416.
Leaf, Murray J. (1972). "8". Information and behavior in a Sikh village: social organization reconsidered. University of California. pp. 219. ISBN 0-520-02115-0. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
Singh, Satyindra (1995). Siṅgh, Harbans (ed.). Kāhn Siṅgh, of Nābhā (3rd ed.). Patiala, Punjab, India: Punjab University, Patiala, 2011. pp. 409-410. ISBN 9788173805301. Retrieved 18 January 2020. ...in a Dhillon Jatt family...

asiantribune.com

Ratan Saldi (6 June 2009). "Caste System Among Sikhs In Punjab". Asian Tribune.

books.google.com

E. Marty, Martin; R. Scott Appleby (1991). "Chapter 10". Fundamentalisms observed. The University of Chicago Press. p. 623. ISBN 0-226-50878-1. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
Martha Crenshaw (1995). Terrorism in context. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1.
E. Marty, Martin; R. Scott Appleby (1991). "Chapter 10". Fundamentalisms observed. The University of Chicago Press. p. 623. ISBN 0-226-50878-1. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
Mandair, Arvind-pal Singh (2013). Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed (illustrated ed.). London, U.K.: A&C Black. pp. 36–42. ISBN 9781441102317.^: 42
Dhavan, Purnima (3 November 2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Dhavan, Purnima (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0199756551. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
Dhavan, Purnima (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press. p. 134. ISBN 9780199756551.
Leaf, Murray J. (1972). "8". Information and behavior in a Sikh village: social organization reconsidered. University of California. pp. 219. ISBN 0-520-02115-0. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
Singh, Jasbir; SS Dhillon (2006). "4". Agricultural geography (3rd ed.). Tata Mcgraw-Hill. p. 176. ISBN 0-07-053228-1. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. 716. ISBN 978-0-19-252747-9.
Webster, John C. B. (22 December 2018). A Social History of Christianity: North-west India since 1800. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-909757-9.
McLeod, W. H.; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4422-3600-4. BUDDHA, BHAI or BABA (trad. 1506–1631). A Jat from Kathu Nangal, who was originally called Bura Randhava.
Syan, Hardip Singh (2014). "Sectarian Works". In Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 178. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.030. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8. ... the narrator of the Bala Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala, a Sandhu Jat and ...
Bhagata, Siṅgha (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 241. Deep Singh Shahid, a Sandhu Jat and resident of the village of Pohuwind of the pargana of Amritsar ...
Dhavan, Purnima (3 November 2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Murray, Sandra Constance (1984). All in the Family: A Study of Family Life in a Jat-Sikh Village. University of California, San Diego. p. 162.
Siṅgha, Kirapāla (1994). The Historical Study of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Times. the University of Michigan. p. 56. ISBN 978-81-7116-163-8.
Copland, Ian (16 May 2002). The Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917-1947. Cambridge University Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-521-89436-4.
Falcon, Robert Worgan (1896). Handbook on Sikhs for the Use of Regimental Officers. Pioneer Press. p. 64.

doi.org

Judge, Paramjit S. (2015). "Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab". Sociological Bulletin. 64 (1): 55–76. doi:10.1177/0038022920150104. ISSN 0038-0229. JSTOR 26290720.
Syan, Hardip Singh (2014). "Sectarian Works". In Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 178. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.030. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8. ... the narrator of the Bala Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala, a Sandhu Jat and ...

globalsikhstudies.net

Singh, Jagjit (1985). Perspectives on Sikh Studies (PDF). Guru Nanak Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2009.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Congress for OBC quota to Jat Sikhs". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

intoday.in

indiatoday.intoday.in

"The Jats in Punjab comprise only 21 per cent population of the total 60 per cent Sikhs, yet they have been ruling and dominating politics in Punjab for decades". India Today. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2016.

jstor.org

Nicola Mooney (1995). "The Yeoman Jats of Punjab: Time, Expertise and the Colonial Construction of Jat Sikh Identity". Anthropologica. 55 (2). Anthropologica, vol. 55, no. 2, 2013, pp. 277–290: 277–290. JSTOR 24467328.
Judge, Paramjit S. (2015). "Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab". Sociological Bulletin. 64 (1): 55–76. doi:10.1177/0038022920150104. ISSN 0038-0229. JSTOR 26290720.

punjabiuniversity.ac.in

"Punjabi university news bulletin". Punjabheritage.org. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2009. It was Sikhism which uplifted the social status of Jat community of Punjab, who earlier were considered as Sudras and Vaishas

thehindu.com

Pandher, Sarabjit (24 December 2013). "Parties in Punjab decry exclusion of Jat Sikhs from reservation". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

web.archive.org

Pandher, Sarabjit (24 December 2013). "Parties in Punjab decry exclusion of Jat Sikhs from reservation". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
Singh, Jagjit (1985). Perspectives on Sikh Studies (PDF). Guru Nanak Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
"Punjabi university news bulletin". Punjabheritage.org. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2009. It was Sikhism which uplifted the social status of Jat community of Punjab, who earlier were considered as Sudras and Vaishas
"WSN-Op-Ed-The Malaise of Jat Consciousness". Worldsikhnews.com. 13 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2009.

worldcat.org

Judge, Paramjit S. (2015). "Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab". Sociological Bulletin. 64 (1): 55–76. doi:10.1177/0038022920150104. ISSN 0038-0229. JSTOR 26290720.
Tan Tai Yong (2005). The Garrison State: The Military, Government, and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849–1947. SAGE Publications. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-7619-3336-6. OCLC 57043090.
Challenging the rule(s) of law : colonialism, criminology and human rights in India. Kalpana Kannabirān, Ranbir Singh. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. 2008. p. 332. ISBN 978-81-321-0027-0. OCLC 501176322.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Sekhon, Iqbal S. (2000). The Punjabis : the people, their history, culture and enterprise. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. p. 9. ISBN 81-7755-052-7. OCLC 50420543.
KESSINGER, TOM G. (2022). VILYATPUR 1848-1968 : social and economic change in a north indian village. [S.l.]: UNIV OF CALIFORNIA PRESS. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-520-36696-1. OCLC 1337855297. 2. I will use tribe and caste interchangeably for the Punjabi term zat (Hindi jati) because this usage is common in the literature on the Punjab, particularly with reference to the landed groups. Similarly I will translate the Punjabi got (Hindi gotra) as both clan and sub-caste. Many authorities consider the got among the landed zat in Punjab to be fundamentally different from the gotra of the Brahmins. See Denzil Ibbetson, Punjab Castes (Lahore: Superintendent Government Printing, Punjab, 1916), pp. 20-22. While the two may differ in origin, they are identical in their place in the marriage system.
Pettigrew, Joyce J. M. (2023). "Chapter 4 Patterns of allegiance I". ROBBER NOBLEMEN a study of the political system of the sikh jats. [S.l.]: ROUTLEDGE. ISBN 978-1-000-85849-5. OCLC 1367232807.
Brard, Gurnam S. S. (2007). East of Indus : my memories of old Punjab. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. 264. ISBN 978-81-7010-360-8. OCLC 174134280. Family names, originally called gotra, or just gote in Punjabi, were not normally used in the village, as most landowners in our village had the same family name anyway. But in other places people added the family names for better identification. Everyone's gotra name was known to others because it indicated your lineage, and it generally determined your caste and excluded you from marrying someone from the same family. Literate people referred to family names as zaat (race, kind) or sub-caste; and in Punjab a family name could indicate your religion, caste, occupation, place of origin and possibly your social status. For example in Punjab, a Gaur, Kaushal or Sharma is a Brahman; a Sodhi or Khanna is a Kshatri; an Aggarwal, Goel or Gupta is a shopkeeper caste; while the family names Sidhu, Sandhu, Dhillon, Gill, Brard, Birk, Maan, Bhullar, Garewal, Dhaliwal, Deol, Aulakh, Chahal, Mahal, Cheema, or Randhawa, are Jat Sikhs. As a result of conversions in the past, some Muslim Jats with similar family names can be found in the Pakistan part of Punjab. Some educated people, especially writers and poets, gave themselves new last names (tukhallus) to indicate their town of origin, personalities or ideals rather than indicating their family or caste.
Fenech, Louis E. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. W. H. McLeod (3rd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1. OCLC 881607325. CASTE. Sikhs explicitly reject caste in terms of status or privilege. Nanak denounced it, subsequent Gurus reinforced his message, and ritual observance confirms it. In gurdwaras all sit together, the only distinction being between men and women. All receive the same karah prasad and eat in the same langar, sitting in straight lines to do so. At Khalsa initiation all initiates must drink the same amrit. Caste is, however, retained within the Panth as a social order. The Gurus, who were all Khatris, married their children within the same caste. This convention has survived largely intact, and consequently virtually every Indian Sikh belongs to a particular caste (Hindi: jati; Punjabi: zat). Each zat is divided into a number of subcastes (Hindi: gotra, Punjabi: got), and Sikhs (like most other Indians) are endogamous by zat and exogamous by got. In terms of zat, an absolute majority are Jats. Other important castes with both Hindu and Sikh sections are the Khatri and Arora. Distinctive Sikh castes are the Ramgarhia, Ahluvalia, Mazhabi, and Ramdasia.
Cole, W. Owen (1997). A popular dictionary of Sikhism. Piara Singh Sambhi. Lincolnwood, Ill.: NTC Pub. Group. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-203-98609-7. OCLC 648154652.
Singh, Kumar Suresh (1996). "Appendix B". Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. People of India: National series. Vol. 8 (Illustrated ed.). Delhi: Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 1355–1357. ISBN 0-19-563357-1. OCLC 35662663.

worldsikhnews.com

"WSN-Op-Ed-The Malaise of Jat Consciousness". Worldsikhnews.com. 13 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2009.