Java Man (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Java Man" in English language version.

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Schwartz 2005, p. ^{[page needed]}. Schwartz, Jeffrey H. (2005), The Red Ape: Orangutans and Human Origins, Cambridge, MA: Westview, ISBN 978-0-8133-4064-7.
Theunissen 1989, p. 152; Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 68; Gould 1993, p. 134. Theunissen, Bert (1989), Eugène Dubois and the Ape-Man from Java, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-081-4. ISBN 1-55608-082-4 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Theunissen 1989, pp. 152–56; Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 68 ["The second popular and persistent myth about Dubois and his supposed reaction to the anthropological world's largely negative assessment of Pithecanthropus as a putative missing link.... It is true... that Dubois's proposition found little support among professional anthropologists ... But the rest of the story, about Dubois's supposed withdrawal and craziness, is apocryphal..."]; Gould 1993, p. 134 ["And now... I may finally correct the last and most insidious claim of the standard legend—[that] Dubois... redesignates his once-proud ancestor as nothing but a giant gibbon."]. Theunissen, Bert (1989), Eugène Dubois and the Ape-Man from Java, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-081-4. ISBN 1-55608-082-4 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Gould 1993, p. 136 ["Dubois's ingenious attempt to retain Pithecanthropus as a direct human ancestor has been widely misread in a precisely opposite manner as an ultimate surrender, almost comical in its transmogrification of a human forebear into a giant gibbon."]. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Gould 1993, pp. 133–34. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Gould 1993, p. 135 ["Dubois desperately wanted Pithecanthropus as a direct ancestor under his evolutionary view. But the brain of Java Man ranked with embarrassing bulk at some 900 cm3, or two-thirds human volume."]. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Gould 1993, p. 135 [the second citation is from Dubois's paper]. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Theunissen 1989, pp. 152–156; Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 74 ["Because Dubois applied the name 'Giant Gibbon' to this creature, many people took it to mean that ... he no longer considered his Pithecanthropus to be linked to human ancestry. ... By describing Pithecanthropus as a giant gibbon, Dubois simply meant that it was closer to gibbons than to humans in body form. And, he pointed out, gibbons and humans share many anatomical features that relate to humans' habitually and gibbons' occasionally upright mode of walking."]; Gould 1993, pp. 134–35 ["Dubois used the proportions of a gibbon to give Pithecanthropus a brain at exactly half our level, thereby rendering his man of Java ... as the direct ancestor of all modern humans. He argued about gibbons to exalt Pithecanthropus, not to demote the greatest discovery of his life."], 135–36 [citing from Dubois's 1932 paper: "Pithecanthropus was not a man, but a gigantic genus allied to the gibbons, however superior to the gibbons on account of its exceedingly large brain volume and distinguished at the same time by its faculty of assuming an erect attitude and gait. It had the double cephalization of the anthropoid apes in general and half that of man."] and 136 [... "Dubois never said that Pithecanthropus was a gibbon (and therefore the lumbering, almost comical dead end of the legend), rather, he reconstructed Java Man with the proportions of a gibbon in order to inflate the body weight and transform his beloved creature into a direct human ancestor—its highest possible status—under his curious theory of evolution."]. Theunissen, Bert (1989), Eugène Dubois and the Ape-Man from Java, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-081-4. ISBN 1-55608-082-4 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.
Theunissen 1989, p. 156; Gould 1993, p. 136; Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 74 [all three sources cite Dubois's phrase to show that he never abandoned the claim that Java Man was a "missing link"]. Theunissen, Bert (1989), Eugène Dubois and the Ape-Man from Java, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-081-4. ISBN 1-55608-082-4 (paperback). Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5. Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3.
Boaz & Ciochon 2004, pp. 66–67. Boaz, Noel T.; Ciochon, Russell L. (2004), Dragon Bone Hill: An Ice-Age Saga of Homo Erectus, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515291-3.
Boaz & Ciochon 2004, p. 67. Boaz, Noel T.; Ciochon, Russell L. (2004), Dragon Bone Hill: An Ice-Age Saga of Homo Erectus, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515291-3.
Schmalzer 2008, p. 98 ["the "single-species" thesis to which he was committed became the theoretical foundation for paleoanthropology for years to come"]; Boaz & Ciochon 2004, p. 67 ["was to sweep anthropology in the 1950s" ... "Thus was born the single-species hypothesis, a powerful model that endured until the late 1970s when fossil discoveries in Africa disproved it, at least for the early part of the hominid fossil record"]. Schmalzer, Sigrid. (2008), The People's Peking Man: Popular Science and Human Identity in Twentieth-Century China, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-73859-8. ISBN 978-0-226-73860-4 (paperback). Boaz, Noel T.; Ciochon, Russell L. (2004), Dragon Bone Hill: An Ice-Age Saga of Homo Erectus, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515291-3.
Gould 1993, p. 135. Gould, Stephen Jay. (1993), Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-03416-5.

athenapub.com

"The Discovery of Java Man in 1891". Athena Review. Vol. 4, no. 1: Homo erectus. p. 15. Archived from the original on 2010-05-14.

books.google.com

Hetherington & Reid 2010, p. 64. Hetherington, Renée; Reid, Robert G. B. (2010), The Climate Connection: Climate Change and Modern Human Evolution, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-19770-0. ISBN 978-0-521-14723-1 (paperback).
Sartono, S. (1975). "Implications arising from Pithecanthropus VIII". In Russell H. Tuttle (ed.). Paleoanthropology: Morphology and Paleoecology. Mouton & Co. p. 328. ISBN 978-90-279-7699-4.
Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.

britannica.com

"Java Man (extinct hominid)". Encyclopædia Britannica. britannica.com. Retrieved 2013-06-05.

discovermagazine.com

Miller, Kenneth (16 December 2013). "Archaeologists Find Earliest Evidence of Humans Cooking With Fire". Discover.

doi.org

Schmalzer 2008, p. 98. The original paper is Mayr 1950. Schmalzer, Sigrid. (2008), The People's Peking Man: Popular Science and Human Identity in Twentieth-Century China, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-73859-8. ISBN 978-0-226-73860-4 (paperback). Mayr, Ernst. (1950), "Taxonomic Categories in Fossil Hominids", Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 15: 109–18, doi:10.1101/sqb.1950.015.01.013, PMID 14942702.
Joordens, Josephine C. A.; d’Errico, Francesco; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Munro, Stephen; de Vos, John; Wallinga, Jakob; Ankjærgaard, Christina; Reimann, Tony; Wijbrans, Jan R.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Mücher, Herman J. (2015). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
Kaifu et al. 2010, p. 145; de Vos 2004, pp. 274–75. Kaifu, Yousuke; Indriati, Etty; Aziz, Fachroel; Kurniawan, Iwan; Baba, Hisao (2010), "Cranial Morphology and Variation of the Earliest Indonesian Hominids", in Christopher J. Norton; David R. Braun (eds.), Asian Paleoanthropology: From Africa to China and Beyond, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 143–57, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2_11, ISBN 978-90-481-9093-5, (online) de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564.
Kaifu et al. 2010, p. 145. Kaifu, Yousuke; Indriati, Etty; Aziz, Fachroel; Kurniawan, Iwan; Baba, Hisao (2010), "Cranial Morphology and Variation of the Earliest Indonesian Hominids", in Christopher J. Norton; David R. Braun (eds.), Asian Paleoanthropology: From Africa to China and Beyond, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 143–57, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2_11, ISBN 978-90-481-9093-5, (online)
de Vos 2004, pp. 275–76 [explanation of the Trinil H. K. Fauna]; Zaim 2010, p. 103 [Trinil H. K. Fauna, citing de Vos et al. 1982 and de Vos & Sondaar 1994]. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564. Zaim, Yahdi (2010), "Geological Evidence for the Earliest Appearance of Hominins in Indonesia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 97–110, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_7, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5, (online) de Vos, John; Sartono, S.; Hardjasasmita, S.; Sondaar, P. Y. (1982), "The fauna from Trinil, type locality of Homo erectus: a reinterpretation", Geologie en Mijnbouw, 61: 207–11. de Vos, John; Sondaar, P. Y. (1994), "Dating hominid sites in Indonesia", Science, 266 (5191): 1726–27, Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1726D, doi:10.1126/science.7992059, PMID 7992059.
Dennell 2010, p. 155. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online).
Joordens, J. C. A.; et al. (12 February 2015) [Epub: 2014 Dec 3]. "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–31. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.
Storm, Paul (2012). "A carnivorous niche for Java Man? A preliminary consideration of the abundance of fossils in Middle Pleistocene Java". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (2–3): 191–202. Bibcode:2012CRPal..11..191S. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.04.002.
Choi, Kildo; Driwantoro, Dubel (January 2007). "Shell tool use by early members of Homo erectus in Sangiran, central Java, Indonesia: cut mark evidence". Journal of Archaeological Science. 34 (1): 48–58. Bibcode:2007JArSc..34...48C. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.013.
Rhodin, Anders; Pritchard, Peter; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Saumure, Raymond; Buhlmann, Kurt; Iverson, John; Mittermeier, Russell, eds. (16 April 2015). "Turtles and Tortoises of the World During the Rise and Global Spread of Humanity: First Checklist and Review of Extinct Pleistocene and Holocene Chelonians". Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises. Chelonian Research Monographs. Vol. 5 (First ed.). Chelonian Research Foundation. p. 15. doi:10.3854/crm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015. ISBN 978-0-9653540-9-7.
Matsubayashi, Kozo (2014). "Geriatric issues from the standpoint of human evolution". Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 14 (4): 731–34. doi:10.1111/ggi.12224. PMC 4285791. PMID 25327904.
Ingicco, Thomas; de Vos, John; Huffman, O. Frank (2014). "The Oldest Gibbon Fossil (Hylobatidae) from Insular Southeast Asia: Evidence from Trinil, (East Java, Indonesia), Lower/Middle Pleistocene". PLoS ONE. 9 (6). e99531. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999531I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099531. PMC 4051846. PMID 24914951.
James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. S2CID 146473957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
Roebroeksa, Wil; Villa, Paola (2011). "On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (13): 5209–14. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5209R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018116108. PMC 3069174. PMID 21402905.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Joordens, Josephine C. A.; d’Errico, Francesco; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Munro, Stephen; de Vos, John; Wallinga, Jakob; Ankjærgaard, Christina; Reimann, Tony; Wijbrans, Jan R.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Mücher, Herman J. (2015). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
de Vos 2004, pp. 275–76 [explanation of the Trinil H. K. Fauna]; Zaim 2010, p. 103 [Trinil H. K. Fauna, citing de Vos et al. 1982 and de Vos & Sondaar 1994]. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564. Zaim, Yahdi (2010), "Geological Evidence for the Earliest Appearance of Hominins in Indonesia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 97–110, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_7, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5, (online) de Vos, John; Sartono, S.; Hardjasasmita, S.; Sondaar, P. Y. (1982), "The fauna from Trinil, type locality of Homo erectus: a reinterpretation", Geologie en Mijnbouw, 61: 207–11. de Vos, John; Sondaar, P. Y. (1994), "Dating hominid sites in Indonesia", Science, 266 (5191): 1726–27, Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1726D, doi:10.1126/science.7992059, PMID 7992059.
Joordens, J. C. A.; et al. (12 February 2015) [Epub: 2014 Dec 3]. "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–31. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.
Storm, Paul (2012). "A carnivorous niche for Java Man? A preliminary consideration of the abundance of fossils in Middle Pleistocene Java". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (2–3): 191–202. Bibcode:2012CRPal..11..191S. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.04.002.
Choi, Kildo; Driwantoro, Dubel (January 2007). "Shell tool use by early members of Homo erectus in Sangiran, central Java, Indonesia: cut mark evidence". Journal of Archaeological Science. 34 (1): 48–58. Bibcode:2007JArSc..34...48C. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.013.
Ingicco, Thomas; de Vos, John; Huffman, O. Frank (2014). "The Oldest Gibbon Fossil (Hylobatidae) from Insular Southeast Asia: Evidence from Trinil, (East Java, Indonesia), Lower/Middle Pleistocene". PLoS ONE. 9 (6). e99531. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999531I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099531. PMC 4051846. PMID 24914951.
Roebroeksa, Wil; Villa, Paola (2011). "On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (13): 5209–14. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5209R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018116108. PMC 3069174. PMID 21402905.

highbeam.com

Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.

iucn-tftsg.org

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ksu.edu.sa

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James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. S2CID 146473957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2012-04-04.

naturalis.nl

repository.naturalis.nl

Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 58; de Vos 2004, p. 270. Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564.
de Vos 2004, p. 272 [citation from an assessment Dubois made in 1893]; Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 61 [name Anthropopithecus]. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564. Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3.
de Vos 2004, p. 272; Swisher, Curtis & Lewin 2000, p. 69. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564. Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Lewin, Roger (2000), Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed Our Understanding of Human Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-78734-3.
de Vos 2004, p. 272. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564.
de Vos 2004, pp. 272–73 ["extinct side branch of human evolution"]. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564.
de Vois, John. "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection". Naturalis.nl. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
de Vos 2004, p. 275. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564.
Kaifu et al. 2010, p. 145; de Vos 2004, pp. 274–75. Kaifu, Yousuke; Indriati, Etty; Aziz, Fachroel; Kurniawan, Iwan; Baba, Hisao (2010), "Cranial Morphology and Variation of the Earliest Indonesian Hominids", in Christopher J. Norton; David R. Braun (eds.), Asian Paleoanthropology: From Africa to China and Beyond, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 143–57, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2_11, ISBN 978-90-481-9093-5, (online) de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564.
de Vos 2004, pp. 275–76 [explanation of the Trinil H. K. Fauna]; Zaim 2010, p. 103 [Trinil H. K. Fauna, citing de Vos et al. 1982 and de Vos & Sondaar 1994]. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564. Zaim, Yahdi (2010), "Geological Evidence for the Earliest Appearance of Hominins in Indonesia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 97–110, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_7, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5, (online) de Vos, John; Sartono, S.; Hardjasasmita, S.; Sondaar, P. Y. (1982), "The fauna from Trinil, type locality of Homo erectus: a reinterpretation", Geologie en Mijnbouw, 61: 207–11. de Vos, John; Sondaar, P. Y. (1994), "Dating hominid sites in Indonesia", Science, 266 (5191): 1726–27, Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1726D, doi:10.1126/science.7992059, PMID 7992059.

nature.com

Joordens, Josephine C. A.; d’Errico, Francesco; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Munro, Stephen; de Vos, John; Wallinga, Jakob; Ankjærgaard, Christina; Reimann, Tony; Wijbrans, Jan R.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Mücher, Herman J. (2015). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schmalzer 2008, p. 98. The original paper is Mayr 1950. Schmalzer, Sigrid. (2008), The People's Peking Man: Popular Science and Human Identity in Twentieth-Century China, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-73859-8. ISBN 978-0-226-73860-4 (paperback). Mayr, Ernst. (1950), "Taxonomic Categories in Fossil Hominids", Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 15: 109–18, doi:10.1101/sqb.1950.015.01.013, PMID 14942702.
Joordens, Josephine C. A.; d’Errico, Francesco; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Munro, Stephen; de Vos, John; Wallinga, Jakob; Ankjærgaard, Christina; Reimann, Tony; Wijbrans, Jan R.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Mücher, Herman J. (2015). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
de Vos 2004, pp. 275–76 [explanation of the Trinil H. K. Fauna]; Zaim 2010, p. 103 [Trinil H. K. Fauna, citing de Vos et al. 1982 and de Vos & Sondaar 1994]. de Vos, John. (2004), "The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection", Scripta Geologica, 4: 267–85, ISSN 0922-4564. Zaim, Yahdi (2010), "Geological Evidence for the Earliest Appearance of Hominins in Indonesia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 97–110, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_7, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5, (online) de Vos, John; Sartono, S.; Hardjasasmita, S.; Sondaar, P. Y. (1982), "The fauna from Trinil, type locality of Homo erectus: a reinterpretation", Geologie en Mijnbouw, 61: 207–11. de Vos, John; Sondaar, P. Y. (1994), "Dating hominid sites in Indonesia", Science, 266 (5191): 1726–27, Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1726D, doi:10.1126/science.7992059, PMID 7992059.
Joordens, J. C. A.; et al. (12 February 2015) [Epub: 2014 Dec 3]. "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–31. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.
Matsubayashi, Kozo (2014). "Geriatric issues from the standpoint of human evolution". Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 14 (4): 731–34. doi:10.1111/ggi.12224. PMC 4285791. PMID 25327904.
Ingicco, Thomas; de Vos, John; Huffman, O. Frank (2014). "The Oldest Gibbon Fossil (Hylobatidae) from Insular Southeast Asia: Evidence from Trinil, (East Java, Indonesia), Lower/Middle Pleistocene". PLoS ONE. 9 (6). e99531. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999531I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099531. PMC 4051846. PMID 24914951.
Roebroeksa, Wil; Villa, Paola (2011). "On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (13): 5209–14. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5209R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018116108. PMC 3069174. PMID 21402905.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Matsubayashi, Kozo (2014). "Geriatric issues from the standpoint of human evolution". Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 14 (4): 731–34. doi:10.1111/ggi.12224. PMC 4285791. PMID 25327904.
Ingicco, Thomas; de Vos, John; Huffman, O. Frank (2014). "The Oldest Gibbon Fossil (Hylobatidae) from Insular Southeast Asia: Evidence from Trinil, (East Java, Indonesia), Lower/Middle Pleistocene". PLoS ONE. 9 (6). e99531. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999531I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099531. PMC 4051846. PMID 24914951.
Roebroeksa, Wil; Villa, Paola (2011). "On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (13): 5209–14. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5209R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018116108. PMC 3069174. PMID 21402905.

psu.edu

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Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.

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Joordens, Josephine C. A.; d’Errico, Francesco; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Munro, Stephen; de Vos, John; Wallinga, Jakob; Ankjærgaard, Christina; Reimann, Tony; Wijbrans, Jan R.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Mücher, Herman J. (2015). "Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving". Nature. 518 (7538): 228–231. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..228J. doi:10.1038/nature13962. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25470048. S2CID 4461751.
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Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.
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Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.

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Dennell 2009, p. 155 ["The maximum age of this specimen is thus 1.49 million years, and not 1.81 million years, as implied by Swisher et al. 1994"]; Ciochon 2010, p. 112 ["As the relocated discovery bed proved to be ~20 m above the horizon that Swisher et al. 1994 dated, the skull is certainly younger than had been previously reported" (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Rabett 2012, p. 26 ["the 1994 estimate of its age has now been credibly refuted (Huffman et al. 2006)"]; Dennell 2010, p. 266 ["the recent re-discovery of the precise provenance of the Mojokerto cranium that is now dated to a maximum of 1.49 Ma (Morwood et al. 2003) clarifies long-standing uncertainties over the age of this important specimen"]. Dennell, Robin. (2009), The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia, Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-84866-4. ISBN 978-0-521-61310-1 (paperback). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Ciochon, Russell L. (2010), "Divorcing Hominins from the Stegodon–Ailuropoda Fauna: New Views on the Antiquity of Hominins in Asia", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 111–26, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_8, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Swisher, Carl C. III; Curtis, Garniss H.; Jacob, Teuku; Getty, A. G.; Suprijo, A.; Widiasmoro (1994), "Age of the earliest known hominin in Java, Indonesia", Science, 263 (5150): 1118–21, Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1118S, doi:10.1126/science.8108729, PMID 8108729, archived from the original on 2014-07-14 – via HighBeam Research. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Rabett, Ryan J. (2012), Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-01829-7. Huffman, O. Frank; Zaim, Y.; Kappelman, J.; Ruez, D. R. Jr.; de Vos, J.; Rizal, Y.; et al. (2006), "Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java", Journal of Human Evolution, 50 (4): 431–51, Bibcode:2006JHumE..50..431H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.468.1840, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002, PMID 16386780. Dennell, Robin (2010), "'Out of Africa I': Current Problems and Future Prospects", in John G. Fleagle; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 247–74, doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_15, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5. ISBN 978-90-481-9036-2 (online). Morwood, Michael J.; O'Sullivan, P.; Susanto, E. E.; Aziz, F. (2003), "Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia", Australian Archaeology, 57: 1–4, doi:10.1080/03122417.2003.11681757, S2CID 55510294.
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