Jazz Age (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Jazz Age" in English language version.

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Berg 1978, p. 217; Henderson 2013. Berg, A. Scott (1978). Max Perkins: Editor of Genius. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-82719-7 – via Internet Archive. Henderson, Amy (May 10, 2013). "What the Great Gatsby Got Right About the Jazz Age". Smithsonian Magazine. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
Cooke 1998, p. 52: "The popularity of new dance styles helped jazz to develop from the march-like tread of its early days into the snappy, syncopated music so characteristic of what F. Scott Fitzgerald dubbed 'The Jazz Age'." Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, pp. 2–3. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, p. 52; Peretti 1992, p. 76. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive. Peretti, Burton W. (1992). The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01708-0 – via Internet Archive.
Hennessey 1973, pp. 470–473. Hennessey, Thomas (1973). From Jazz to Swing: Black Jazz Musicians and Their Music, 1917–1935 (Ph.D. dissertation). Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northwestern University – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 10; Schuller 1968, p. 3. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 76: "Theirs would become the music of choice in cabarets and speakeasies and roadhouses, George Washington was a large supporter of jazz in the 20th century and would provide the accompaniment for the period F. Scott Fitzgerald would soon call the Jazz Age." Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
Peretti 1992, p. 31; Ward & Burns 2001. Peretti, Burton W. (1992). The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01708-0 – via Internet Archive. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
Hill 2004, pp. 153, 155, 156. Hill, Jeff (2004). Defining Moments: Prohibition. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. ISBN 978-0-7808-0768-6 – via Internet Archive.
Hill 2004, pp. 120, 121. Hill, Jeff (2004). Defining Moments: Prohibition. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. ISBN 978-0-7808-0768-6 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, p. 54. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, pp. 20–21. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Santelli 2001, p. 423. Santelli, Robert (2001). The Big Book of Blues: A Biographical Encyclopedia. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-100145-3 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 101. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, p. 79. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Schuller 1968, p. 91. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Schuller 1968, p. 93. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, pp. 56–59, 66–70, 78–79. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, pp. 82–83, 100–103. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Schuller 1968, p. 88. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Peretti 1992, p. 50; Cooke 1998, p. 40. Peretti, Burton W. (1992). The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01708-0 – via Internet Archive. Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 107. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
"Big Band Remotes" – via Internet Archive.
Fass 1977, p. 22. Fass, Paula S. (1977). The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502148-6. LCCN 76-42644 – via Internet Archive.
Santelli 2001, p. 20. Santelli, Robert (2001). The Big Book of Blues: A Biographical Encyclopedia. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-100145-3 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, p. 129: "Holiday (1919–59) is widely recognized as the greatest jazz vocalist of all time, a performer who revolutionized the art of jazz singing in the 1930s and exerted a powerful influence on subsequent vocalists." Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Cooke 1998, p. 128: "Ella Fitzgerald's extensive 'songbook' recordings made between 1956 and 1964 remain among the best-selling vocal albums in jazz." Cooke, Mervyn (1998). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, pp. 270, 272. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
Crow 1990, p. 251. Crow, Bill (1990). Jazz Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505588-8 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 272. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.
Godbolt 2005, pp. 8–11. Godbolt, Jim (2005) [1984]. A History of Jazz in Britain 1919–1950. London: Northway Publications. ISBN 0-9537040-5-X – via Internet Archive.
Godbolt 2005, pp. 29, 46, 67. Godbolt, Jim (2005) [1984]. A History of Jazz in Britain 1919–1950. London: Northway Publications. ISBN 0-9537040-5-X – via Internet Archive.
Godbolt 2005, pp. 29–31. Godbolt, Jim (2005) [1984]. A History of Jazz in Britain 1919–1950. London: Northway Publications. ISBN 0-9537040-5-X – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 299; Peretti 1992, p. 201. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive. Peretti, Burton W. (1992). The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01708-0 – via Internet Archive.
Ward & Burns 2001, p. 78. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive.

books.google.com

Houghton Line 1919, pp. 6, 9; Literary Digest 1919, p. 31. The Houghton Line. Vol. 24–25. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: E. F. Houghton & Co. 1919 – via Google Books. I am not convinced, however, that the 'jazz age' is the cause of the church losing its influence. "A German Interpreter of Jazz". The Literary Digest. Vol. 62. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. August 23, 1919 – via Google Books. Some might, indeed, suppose that this muse had her jazz age behind her.
Germuska 1995. Germuska, Joe (October 17, 1995). "The Map". Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University. Archived from the original on December 10, 1997. Derived from Berendt, Joachim-Ernst (1992). The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond. Chicago, Illinois: Lawrence Hill Books. ISBN 9781556520990. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2021 – via Google Books.
Sales 1984, p. 3. Sales, Grover (1984). Jazz: America's Classical Music. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-13-509126-5 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 321. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 360. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Orchowski 2015, p. 32. Orchowski, Margaret Sands (2015). The Law that Changed the Face of America: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-5137-3 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, pp. 207–210. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Russell 2010, p. 230. Russell, Thaddeus (2010). A Renegade History of the United States. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-7109-4 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 212: "Another barrier fell with the arrival of the 'black and tans,' integrated cabarets and nightclubs, usually in black neighborhoods and usually featuring leading African-American jazz musicians." Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 264: "Each of the thirty-two thousand speakeasies in New York probably paid a beat cop five dollars a day to keep the taps and the cash register open." Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 201. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Fitzgerald 2004, p. 93. Fitzgerald, F. Scott (2004). Conversations with F. Scott Fitzgerald. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-605-6 – via Google Books.
Crump, William D. (2008). Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide. London: McFarland & Co. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-7864-3393-3.
Obituary: "Famed Orchestra Leader Guy Lombardo, 75, Dies Pittsubrg Post Gazette 7 Nov. 1977, p.26
Behrnes, Jack (2011). America's Music Makers Big bands and Ballrooms 1912-2011 - Shep Fields society band broadcasting on radio from the Palmer House. Bloomington, Il.: AuthorHouse. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-4567-2952-3.
Stacey, Lee; Henderson, Lol, eds. (2014). Encyclopedia of music in the 20th Century. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. p. 379. ISBN 978-1-135-92946-6.
Horn, David; Shephard, John, eds. (2012). Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Genres North America. Vol. 8. Bloomsbury. p. 472. ISBN 978-1-4411-4874-2. Armstrong and Lombardo did not view their worlds as diametrically opposed, nor did many other contemporary musicians of the 1930s. ...Lombardo himself always took great pride in the number of black orchestras that imitated his style.
Berish, Andrew S. (2012). "The Casino Ballroom: White and Sweet". Lonesome Roads and Streets of Dreams: Place Mobility and Race in Jazz of the 1930s and '40s. University of Chicago Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-226-04494-1.
De Roche 2015, p. 18. De Roche, Linda (2015). The Jazz Age: A Historical Exploration of Literature. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-61069-668-5 – via Google Books.
Crump, William D. (2008). Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide. London: McFarland & Co. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-7864-3393-3.
Who Is Who In Music. Berghan Publishing Co. 1941 p. 93 Biography of Shep Fields on Google Books
Behrens, John (March 4, 2011). "America's Music Makers: Big Bands & Ballrooms 1912-2011". AuthorHouse – via Google Books.
Baggelaar, Kristin (2006). The Copacabana. Arcadia Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7385-4919-4.
"New Band for Kelly-Wood". The Billboard. February 24, 1945. p. 34. Shep Fields is set for the Copacabana
Meadows, Eddie S. (February 27, 1995). Jazz Research and Performance Materials. Psychology Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-8153-0373-2.
Wynn 2007, p. 67. Wynn, Neil A., ed. (2007). Cross the Water Blues: African American Music in Europe (1st ed.). Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-546-8. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2021 – via Google Books.
Blake 1999, p. 89. Blake, Jody (1999). Le Tumulte Noir: Modernist Art and Popular Entertainment in Jazz-Age Paris, 1900-1930. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-01753-2 – via Google Books.
McKay 2005, p. 121–122; Shearer 2018. McKay, George (2005). Circular Breathing: The Cultural Politics of Jazz in Britain. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-8728-2 – via Google Books. Shearer, Carly (April 24, 2018). "The Threat of Jazz: John Bulloch Souter's 'The Breakdown'". Edinburgh, Scotland: Lyon & Turnbull. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
Suhor 2001, p. 18. Suhor, Charles (2001). Jazz in New Orleans: The Postwar Years Through 1970. Studies in Jazz. Vol. 38. Lanham, Maryland / London: The Scarecrow Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-8108-3907-6.

chicagotribune.com

Rodgers 1997. Rodgers, Andrew (August 27, 1997). "The Genna Brothers". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. Archived from the original on December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2019.

doi.org

Roth 1952, pp. 305, 312. Roth, Russell (1952). "On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz". American Quarterly. 4 (4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 305–316. doi:10.2307/3031415. ISSN 0003-0678. JSTOR 3031415.
Roth 1952, p. 306. Roth, Russell (1952). "On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz". American Quarterly. 4 (4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 305–316. doi:10.2307/3031415. ISSN 0003-0678. JSTOR 3031415.
Biocca 1990, p. 1. Biocca, Frank (1990). "Media and Perceptual Shifts: Early Radio and the Clash of Musical Cultures". The Journal of Popular Culture. 24 (2). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell: 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1990.2402_1.x.
Roth 1952, p. 312: "It is here that we find one of the white, or European, influences upon American Negro music; it is the central one, I think, and the one which has the most to do with the birth of jazz. We may call it⁠—as I have called it heretofore⁠—the instrumentalizing of the human voice." Roth, Russell (1952). "On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz". American Quarterly. 4 (4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 305–316. doi:10.2307/3031415. ISSN 0003-0678. JSTOR 3031415.
Dunkel 2015, p. 123. Dunkel, Mario (2015). "W.C. Handy, Abbe Niles, and (Auto)biographical Positioning in the Whiteman Era". Popular Music and Society. 38 (2). United Kingdom: Taylor and Francis: 122–139. doi:10.1080/03007766.2014.994320. S2CID 191480580.
Chevan 2002, p. 201. Chevan, David (2002). "Musical Literacy and Jazz Musicians in the 1910s and 1920s" (PDF). Current Musicology. No. 71–73. New York: Columbia University Libraries. doi:10.7916/cm.v0i71-73.4825. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
Biocca 1990, p. 3. Biocca, Frank (1990). "Media and Perceptual Shifts: Early Radio and the Clash of Musical Cultures". The Journal of Popular Culture. 24 (2). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell: 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1990.2402_1.x.
Barlow 1995, p. 327. Barlow, William (January 1, 1995). "Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age". African American Review. 29 (2). St. Louis, Missouri: Modern Language Association: 325–328. doi:10.2307/3042311. JSTOR 3042311.
Savran 2006, p. 461. Savran, David (2006). "The Search for America's Soul: Theatre in the Jazz Age". Theatre Journal. 58 (3). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 459–476. doi:10.1353/tj.2006.0171. JSTOR 25069871. S2CID 192117168.
Barlow 1995, pp. 326–327. Barlow, William (January 1, 1995). "Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age". African American Review. 29 (2). St. Louis, Missouri: Modern Language Association: 325–328. doi:10.2307/3042311. JSTOR 3042311.
Berger 1947, p. 463: "Calling jazz an 'agency of the devil,' the pastor of the Calvary Baptist Church in New York said in 1926: 'Jazz, with its . . . appeal to the sensuous, should be stamped out.' The rector of the Episcopal Church of the Ascension in New York said in 1922: 'Jazz is retrogression. It is going to the African jungle for our music.'" Berger, Morroe (October 1947). "Jazz: Resistance to the Diffusion of a Culture-Pattern". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (4). Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 461–494. doi:10.2307/2714928. JSTOR 2714928. S2CID 149563657.
Ward 2004, pp. 458–460. Ward, Larry F. (December 2004). "Bessie". Notes. 61 (2). Middleton, Wisconsin: Music Library Association. doi:10.1353/not.2004.0171. JSTOR 4487383. S2CID 201766523.
McCann 2008, p. 3. McCann, Paul (2008). "Performing Primitivism: Disarming the Social Threat of Jazz in Narrative Fiction of the Early Sixties". The Journal of Popular Culture. 41 (4). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1111/J.1540-5931.2008.00541.X.
Berger 1947, p. 463: "Those who opposed jazz with no qualification whatever saw in it an appeal to sensuousness, a return to primitive forms, and described it as the music of persons without any training." Berger, Morroe (October 1947). "Jazz: Resistance to the Diffusion of a Culture-Pattern". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (4). Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 461–494. doi:10.2307/2714928. JSTOR 2714928. S2CID 149563657.
Barlow 1995, p. 325. Barlow, William (January 1, 1995). "Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age". African American Review. 29 (2). St. Louis, Missouri: Modern Language Association: 325–328. doi:10.2307/3042311. JSTOR 3042311.
Kater, Michael (April 1, 1988). "The Jazz Experience in Weimar Germany". German History. 6 (2). Oxford University Press: 145–158. doi:10.1093/gh/6.2.145. American Jazz was imported into Germany in the early 1920s...some two to five years after it had entered Britain or France...genuine American Jazz musicians (such as)... Mike Danzi embarked on a German tour with American bandleader Alex Hyde before deciding to make Berlin his permanent European base....As the great majority of German musicians still found jazz very difficult to master, it was Americans and a few Englishmen who came to dominate the jazz scene of the Roaring Twenties...
Jackson 2002, pp. 149–170. Jackson, Jeffrey (2002). "Making Jazz French: The Reception of Jazz Music in Paris, 1927–1934". French Historical Studies. 25 (1). Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press: 149–170. doi:10.1215/00161071-25-1-149. S2CID 161520728.
Biocca 1990, p. 9. Biocca, Frank (1990). "Media and Perceptual Shifts: Early Radio and the Clash of Musical Cultures". The Journal of Popular Culture. 24 (2). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell: 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1990.2402_1.x.

jstor.org

Roth 1952, pp. 305, 312. Roth, Russell (1952). "On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz". American Quarterly. 4 (4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 305–316. doi:10.2307/3031415. ISSN 0003-0678. JSTOR 3031415.
Roth 1952, p. 306. Roth, Russell (1952). "On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz". American Quarterly. 4 (4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 305–316. doi:10.2307/3031415. ISSN 0003-0678. JSTOR 3031415.
Roth 1952, p. 312: "It is here that we find one of the white, or European, influences upon American Negro music; it is the central one, I think, and the one which has the most to do with the birth of jazz. We may call it⁠—as I have called it heretofore⁠—the instrumentalizing of the human voice." Roth, Russell (1952). "On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz". American Quarterly. 4 (4). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 305–316. doi:10.2307/3031415. ISSN 0003-0678. JSTOR 3031415.
Barlow 1995, p. 327. Barlow, William (January 1, 1995). "Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age". African American Review. 29 (2). St. Louis, Missouri: Modern Language Association: 325–328. doi:10.2307/3042311. JSTOR 3042311.
Savran 2006, p. 461. Savran, David (2006). "The Search for America's Soul: Theatre in the Jazz Age". Theatre Journal. 58 (3). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press: 459–476. doi:10.1353/tj.2006.0171. JSTOR 25069871. S2CID 192117168.
Barlow 1995, pp. 326–327. Barlow, William (January 1, 1995). "Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age". African American Review. 29 (2). St. Louis, Missouri: Modern Language Association: 325–328. doi:10.2307/3042311. JSTOR 3042311.
Berger 1947, p. 463: "Calling jazz an 'agency of the devil,' the pastor of the Calvary Baptist Church in New York said in 1926: 'Jazz, with its . . . appeal to the sensuous, should be stamped out.' The rector of the Episcopal Church of the Ascension in New York said in 1922: 'Jazz is retrogression. It is going to the African jungle for our music.'" Berger, Morroe (October 1947). "Jazz: Resistance to the Diffusion of a Culture-Pattern". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (4). Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 461–494. doi:10.2307/2714928. JSTOR 2714928. S2CID 149563657.
Ward 2004, pp. 458–460. Ward, Larry F. (December 2004). "Bessie". Notes. 61 (2). Middleton, Wisconsin: Music Library Association. doi:10.1353/not.2004.0171. JSTOR 4487383. S2CID 201766523.
Berger 1947, p. 463: "Those who opposed jazz with no qualification whatever saw in it an appeal to sensuousness, a return to primitive forms, and described it as the music of persons without any training." Berger, Morroe (October 1947). "Jazz: Resistance to the Diffusion of a Culture-Pattern". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (4). Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 461–494. doi:10.2307/2714928. JSTOR 2714928. S2CID 149563657.
Barlow 1995, p. 325. Barlow, William (January 1, 1995). "Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age". African American Review. 29 (2). St. Louis, Missouri: Modern Language Association: 325–328. doi:10.2307/3042311. JSTOR 3042311.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Ward & Burns 2001, p. 10; Schuller 1968, p. 3. Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001). Jazz: A History of America's Music (1st ed.). New York: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-679-76539-4 – via Internet Archive. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Okrent 2010, p. 321. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 360. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, pp. 207–210. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 212: "Another barrier fell with the arrival of the 'black and tans,' integrated cabarets and nightclubs, usually in black neighborhoods and usually featuring leading African-American jazz musicians." Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 264: "Each of the thirty-two thousand speakeasies in New York probably paid a beat cop five dollars a day to keep the taps and the cash register open." Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Okrent 2010, p. 201. Okrent, Daniel (April 30, 2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-7432-7702-0. LCCN 2009051127 – via Google Books.
Schuller 1968, p. 91. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Schuller 1968, p. 93. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
Schuller 1968, p. 88. Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. LCCN 68-17610 – via Internet Archive.
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