Jebusites (English Wikipedia)

Urusalim e.g. in EA 289:014, Urušalim e.g. in EA 287:025. Transcription online at "The El Amarna Letters from Canaan". Tau.ac.il. Retrieved 11 September 2010.; translation by Knudtzon 1915 (English in Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters (1920).
Binz, Stephen J. (2005). Jerusalem, the Holy City. Connecticut, USA.: Twenty-Third Publications. p. 2. ISBN 9781585953653. Retrieved 17 December 2011. Jerusalem, the Holy City By Stephen J. Binz.

bib-arch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Reich & Shukron 1999. Reich, Ronny; Shukron, Eli (1999). "Light at the End of the Tunnel: Warren's Shaft Theory of David's Conquests Shattered". Biblical Archaeology Review. 25 (1). Biblical Archaeology Society.
Rendsburg 2001. Rendsburg, Gary A. (2001). "Reading David in Genesis". Biblical Archaeology Review. 17 (1). Biblical Archaeology Society.
Rendsburg 2001. Rendsburg, Gary A. (2001). "Reading David in Genesis". Biblical Archaeology Review. 17 (1). Biblical Archaeology Society.

biblegateway.com (Global: 487^th place; English: 842^nd place)

Exodus 3:8
Genesis 14:18–19 and 14:22.

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1 Chronicles 11:3–8

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See the Anchor Bible Dictionary for an extensive discussion with citations. "SHALEM (DEITY) – the Anchor Bible Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-11.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Killebrew 2005, p. 152: "Almost without exception, scholars agree that the account in Joshua holds little historical value vis-à-vis early Israel and most likely reflects much later historical times.¹⁵" Killebrew, Ann E. (October 2005), Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, and Early Israel, Society of Biblical Lit, p. 130, ISBN 9781589830974, archived from the original on 2020-07-26, retrieved 2017-05-01.
Lemche 2010. Lemche, Nies Peter (2010). The A to Z of Ancient Israel. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810875654.
See Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1-17, p. 410 (1990). Hamilton also asserts that Sumerian uru is y^erû, meaning "city."
Lemche 2010, p. 161. Lemche, Nies Peter (2010). The A to Z of Ancient Israel. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810875654.
Košak, Silvin (2007). Tabularia Hethaeorum (in German). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05530-7.
Jones, Gwilym Henry (1 January 1990). The Nathan Narratives. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85075-225-7.

gnosis.org (Global: 8,722^nd place; English: 6,706^th place)

"The Acts of Barnabas". www.gnosis.org. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

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Pinches Archived 2015-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, Theophilus G., The Old Testament: In the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia (London: SPCK, 1908), p. 324.

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"Jebusites". Jewish Encyclopedia.

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(Joshua 15:8 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, 18:28 Archived 2016-11-06 at the Wayback Machine; Judges 19:10 )

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education.nationalgeographic.com

See Holman Bible Dictionary, http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384 Archived 2014-02-23 at the Wayback Machine ; National Geographic, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf Archived 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine ("As for the meaning of the name, it can be assumed to be a compound of the West Semitic elements "yrw" and "s[h]lm," probably to be interpreted as "Foundation of (the god) Shalem." Shalem is known from an Ugaritic mythological text as the god of twilight.").

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Stefan Lovgren, "Jerusalem Strife Echoes Ancient History" Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine, National Geographic News, 29-10-2004

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Jeffrey Goldberg, Israel's Y2K Problem Archived 2017-12-15 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times 03-10-1999

studylight.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

See Holman Bible Dictionary, http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384 Archived 2014-02-23 at the Wayback Machine ; National Geographic, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf Archived 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine ("As for the meaning of the name, it can be assumed to be a compound of the West Semitic elements "yrw" and "s[h]lm," probably to be interpreted as "Foundation of (the god) Shalem." Shalem is known from an Ugaritic mythological text as the god of twilight.").

tau.ac.il (Global: 4,464^th place; English: 4,468^th place)

Urusalim e.g. in EA 289:014, Urušalim e.g. in EA 287:025. Transcription online at "The El Amarna Letters from Canaan". Tau.ac.il. Retrieved 11 September 2010.; translation by Knudtzon 1915 (English in Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters (1920).

thetorah.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Farber, Zev (June 1, 2016). "The Israelite Conquest of Jerusalem in the Bible: When and Who?". TheTorah.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024.

thisweekinpalestine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mansour, Anton. "Rooted in the Holy Land". This Week in Palestine. Retrieved 8 December 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Killebrew 2005, p. 152: "Almost without exception, scholars agree that the account in Joshua holds little historical value vis-à-vis early Israel and most likely reflects much later historical times.¹⁵" Killebrew, Ann E. (October 2005), Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, and Early Israel, Society of Biblical Lit, p. 130, ISBN 9781589830974, archived from the original on 2020-07-26, retrieved 2017-05-01.
(Joshua 15:8 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, 18:28 Archived 2016-11-06 at the Wayback Machine; Judges 19:10 )
See the Anchor Bible Dictionary for an extensive discussion with citations. "SHALEM (DEITY) – the Anchor Bible Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
See Holman Bible Dictionary, http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384 Archived 2014-02-23 at the Wayback Machine ; National Geographic, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf Archived 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine ("As for the meaning of the name, it can be assumed to be a compound of the West Semitic elements "yrw" and "s[h]lm," probably to be interpreted as "Foundation of (the god) Shalem." Shalem is known from an Ugaritic mythological text as the god of twilight.").
Pinches Archived 2015-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, Theophilus G., The Old Testament: In the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia (London: SPCK, 1908), p. 324.
Farber, Zev (June 1, 2016). "The Israelite Conquest of Jerusalem in the Bible: When and Who?". TheTorah.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024.
Stefan Lovgren, "Jerusalem Strife Echoes Ancient History" Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine, National Geographic News, 29-10-2004
Jeffrey Goldberg, Israel's Y2K Problem Archived 2017-12-15 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times 03-10-1999

Jebusites (English Wikipedia)

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