"Some explain that this means that prayers were instituted[...] after the destruction of the Temple to replace the offerings. However, these prayers were already extant throughout the Second Temple era with virtually the same formula that was instituted later, with certain known differences. Furthermore, there were already synagogues at that time, some even in close proximity to the Temple. There is a dispute in the Talmud about whether the prayers were instituted to parallel the offerings, or whether they have an independent source, unrelated to the Temple service." Weinreb, Tzvi Hersh; Berger, Shalom Z.; Schreier, Joshua, eds. (2012). [Talmud Bavli] = Koren Talmud Bavli. Even-Israel (Steinsaltz), Adin (1st Hebrew/English ed.). Jerusalem: Shefa Foundation. pp. 175 ff. ISBN9789653015630. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
Divre Kehilot testifies that in 1818 it was not recited in the main synagogue in Frankfurt, and it is said to have been introduced by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch when he was appointed the rabbi of Frankfurt
Rubin, Benjamin. “Contemplative Prayer in 20th-Century Chabad: Rationalism and Emotion in Hasidic Spirituality.” Nashim, no. 38, Fall 2020, pp. 60–85. Indiana University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/nashim.38.1.07
Be'ikve ha-tson, pages 21-37 (The link is to Otzar Hachochmah, for which the first 40 pages of the file are available to all and the rest is available to subscribers only, such that the Teshuva cuts off in the middle to non-subscribers).
