Joe Louis (English Wikipedia)

Bennison, Bill (August 31, 1937). "Joe Louis vs Tommy Farr". Evening Standard (N.Y.). Archived from the original on January 18, 2013.
Levine, Ben (October 23, 2008). "Over the ropes". The Muehlenberg (College) Weekly. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.

arlingtoncemetery.net (Global: low place; English: 9,078^th place)

"Arlington National Cemetery Biography of Joe Louis". Retrieved April 28, 2009.

arlingtoncemetery.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Peters, James Edward (2000). "Joe Louis (Barrow), "The Brown Bomber", Heavyweight Champion of the World". Arlington National Cemetery: Shrine to America's Heroes. Woodbine House. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2007. Published on the Official website of Arlington National Cemetery

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Deardorff, II, Don (October 1, 1995). "Joe Louis became both a black hero and a national symbol to whites after overcoming racism in the media". St. Louis Journalism Review. Archived from the original on February 26, 2016.

azquotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AZ quotes – George Foreman about Joe Louis and Muhammad Ali".

billyconn.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"BillyConn.net". Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2009.

bleacherreport.com (Global: 262^nd place; English: 194^th place)

MacIntosh, Stoker. "Joe Louis Barrow: Boxing Day Tribute". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
Dilbert, Ryan (May 13, 2016). "Desperation, Debt Led Joe Louis to Follow Boxing Career with Pro Wrestling Stint". Bleacher Report.

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"Winnipeg Blue Bombers Official Site". Retrieved April 29, 2009.

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John Bloom; Michael Nevin Willard, eds. (2002). Sports Matters: Race, Recreation, and Culture. New York: New York University Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0814798829.
Bak, p. 6. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 5. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, pp. 6–7. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 7. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, pp. 7–8. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 11. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Erenberg, p. 23. Erenberg, Lewis A. (2005). The Greatest Fight of Our Generation: Louis v. Schmeling. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195177749.
Bak, pp. 13–14. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 22. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Erenberg, p. 33. Erenberg, Lewis A. (2005). The Greatest Fight of Our Generation: Louis v. Schmeling. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195177749.
Vitale, pp. 91–92. Vitale, Rugio (1991). Joe Louis: Boxing Champion. Los Angeles: Holloway House Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0870675706.
Edmonds, Anthony O. (2005). Muhammed Ali: A Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0313330926.
Edmonds, Anthony O. (2005). Muhammed Ali: A Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. p. 9. ISBN 978-0313330926.
Eric Foner; John A. Garraty, eds. (1991). The Reader's Companion to American History. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. p. 680. ISBN 978-0395513729.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 60. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
, which is variously attributed to either Detroit boxing manager Scotty Monteith or to Detroit Free Press writer Charles Ward. Bak, pp. 81–82. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 94. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Myler, p. 89. Myler, Patrick (2005). Ring of Hate: Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling: The Fight of the Century. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1559707893.
Vitale, p. 16. Vitale, Rugio (1991). Joe Louis: Boxing Champion. Los Angeles: Holloway House Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0870675706.
Vitale, p. 14. Vitale, Rugio (1991). Joe Louis: Boxing Champion. Los Angeles: Holloway House Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0870675706.
Bak, p. 127. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Bak, p. 128. Bak, Richard (1998). Joe Louis: The Great Black Hope. New York: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0306808791.^{[permanent dead link]}
Hughes, Langston (2002). Joseph McLaren (ed.). Autobiography: The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol. 14. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. p. 307. ISBN 978-0826214348.
Myler, p. 113. Myler, Patrick (2005). Ring of Hate: Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling: The Fight of the Century. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1559707893.
Myler, pp. 113–114. Myler, Patrick (2005). Ring of Hate: Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling: The Fight of the Century. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1559707893.
Myler, p. 115. Myler, Patrick (2005). Ring of Hate: Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling: The Fight of the Century. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1559707893.
Myler, p. 116. Myler, Patrick (2005). Ring of Hate: Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling: The Fight of the Century. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1559707893.
Gibson, pp. 234–235. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
Gibson, p. 12. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
Patrick, Denise L. (2005). Jackie Robinson: Strong Inside and Out. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060576014.
Gibson, p. 238 Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
Gibson, p. 13. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
Gibson, p. 239. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
Gibson, p. 236. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
"Fight Will End Early, Says "Man in the Street"". Baltimore Afro-American. Pompton Lakes, NJ. June 15, 1946. p. 29. Retrieved October 25, 2025.
Roberts, p. 488. Roberts, James B.; Alexander B. Skutt (2006). The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book (4th ed.). Ithaca: McBooks Press. ISBN 978-1590131213.
Gibson, p. 236 Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810122925.
Niemi, Robert (2005). History in the Media: film and television. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 195–196. ISBN 978-1576079522.
"Who is the greatest heavyweight champion of all time?". Ebony Magazine: 132. March 1978. Retrieved August 31, 2023 – via Google books. Joe Louis was the greatest heavyweight I ever seen!" Robinson says. "Everybody knows he could hit, but, in my opinion, he had the fastest hands of anyone—including Ali!
Roberts, p. 491. Roberts, James B.; Alexander B. Skutt (2006). The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book (4th ed.). Ithaca: McBooks Press. ISBN 978-1590131213.
Oliver, Paul; Richard Wright (1990). Blues Fell This Morning: Meaning in the Blues. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 274–275. ISBN 978-0521377935.

boxinggyms.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bennison, Bill (August 31, 1937). "Joe Louis vs Tommy Farr". Evening Standard (N.Y.). Archived from the original on January 18, 2013.

boxingscene.com (Global: 570^th place; English: 365^th place)

Foreman, George, quoted: "Foreman Ranks Wilder-Fury in Top Three Rematches of All Time," February 15, 2020, Boxing Scene, retrieved November 22, 2020: "'There were three important rematches in boxing history,' Foreman told BoxingScene ... of the heavyweight division. 'The most important was Max Schmeling and Joe Louis when the whole world was watching. That was the most important rematch of all time.'"

boxrec.com (Global: 545^th place; English: 446^th place)

"Joe Louis". BoxRec. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
"Joe Louis". BoxRec. August 3, 2020.
"Tony Musto". Retrieved December 25, 2015.
See BoxRec.com's record of The Ring magazine's ratings for 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, and 1943.
"BoxRec's Annual Ratings: Heavyweight Annuals". BoxRec. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
"Professional boxing record: Joe Louis". Retrieved March 14, 2020.
"Bert Sugar's top 10 Greatest Heavyweights: BoxRec". boxrec.com.
"NBA World Heavyweight Title Fights". BoxRec. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
"NYSAC World Heavyweight Title Fights". BoxRec. Retrieved February 2, 2021.

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"Joe Louis". Britannica. August 11, 2023.

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"PGA group abolishes 'Caucasian'". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Florida. Associated Press. November 10, 1961. p. 22.^{[permanent dead link]}

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"Statement By President Ronald Reagan on the Death of Former World Heavyweight Boxing Champion Joe Louis April 13, 1981". Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

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"CyberBoxingZone.com:Joe Louis' Professional and exhibition/sparring records". Retrieved January 14, 2015.

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"Goodbye, Inner Circle Greenway. Hello, Joe Louis Greenway". Detroit Greenways Coalition. October 30, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2018.

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[2] Archived August 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

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"Celebrating 18 Years of Visionary Leadership to Our Retiring CEO Joe Louis Barrow, Jr". The First Tee. November 13, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2023.

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Longest reigning boxing world champion

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Joe Louis (English Wikipedia)

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