John C. Calhoun (English Wikipedia)

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Miller 1996, pp. 115–116. Miller, William Lee (1996). Arguing About Slavery. John Quincy Adams and the Great Battle in the United States Congress. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-56922-9.
Her branch of the family spelled the surname differently from his. See A. S. Salley, The Calhoun Family of South Carolina, Columbia, SC: 1906. p. 19. The name appears in various records as "Colhoon", "Cohoon", "Calhoun", "Cahoun", "Cohoun", "Calhoon", and "Colhoun". Ibid., pp. 1–2, 5–6, 18–19. In Scotland, it is spelled "Colquhoun". Ellen R. Johnson, Colquhoun/Calhoun and Their Ancestral Homelands (Heritage Books, 1993), passim.
Peterson 1988, p. 27. Peterson, Merrill D. (1988). Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505686-8.
Peterson 1988, pp. 280, 408. Peterson, Merrill D. (1988). Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505686-8.
von Holst 1883, p. 54. von Holst, Hermann E. (1883). John C. Calhoun. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Company.; outdated
Remini 1977, p. 366. Remini, Robert V. (1977). Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-8018-5912-3.
Remini 1977, pp. 358–359. Remini, Robert V. (1977). Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-8018-5912-3.
Howe 2007, pp. 337–339. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 402. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 405. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 404–406. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 406–410. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 677. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Holt 2004, p. 35. Holt, Michael F. (2004). The Fate of Their Country: Politicians, Slavery Extension, and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-9518-6.
Howe 2007, pp. 680–681. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 679. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 679–680. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 680. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 683. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 681–682. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Merk 1978, p. 308. Merk, Frederick (1978). History of the Westward Movement. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7432-9743-1.
Howe 2007, p. 767. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Letter to James Edward Calhoun, August 27, 1831, Correspondence of John C. Calhoun, Historical Manuscripts Commission (1899), p. 301.
Letter to Armistead Burt of September 1, 1831, Correspondence of John C. Calhoun, Historical Manuscripts Commission (1899), pp. 301-02.
von Holst 1883, p. 312. von Holst, Hermann E. (1883). John C. Calhoun. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Company.; outdated

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Coit 1950, pp. 70–71. Coit, Margaret L. (1950). John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 0-87797-185-4.; popular biography
Coit 1950, p. 3. Coit, Margaret L. (1950). John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 0-87797-185-4.; popular biography
Niven 1988, pp. 6–8. Niven, John (1988). John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1858-0.
Niven 1988, p. 10. Niven, John (1988). John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1858-0.
Niven 1988, p. 18. Niven, John (1988). John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1858-0.
Calhoun & Post 1995, p. xii. Calhoun, John Caldwell; Post, Charles Gordon (1995). A Disquisition on Government and Selections from the Discourse. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. ISBN 0-87220-293-3.
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Coit 1950, p. 42. Coit, Margaret L. (1950). John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 0-87797-185-4.; popular biography
Coit 1950, pp. 27–28. Coit, Margaret L. (1950). John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 0-87797-185-4.; popular biography
Niven 1988, p. 26. Niven, John (1988). John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1858-0.
Perkins 1961, p. 359. Perkins, Bradford (1961). Prologue to War: England and the United States, 1805–1812. Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-00996-7.
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Meigs 1917, Vol. 1, p. 221. Meigs, William Montgomery (1917). The Life of John Caldwell Calhoun. Washington, D.C.: Neale Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7950-0918-1.
Meigs 1917, Vol. 2, p. 8. Meigs, William Montgomery (1917). The Life of John Caldwell Calhoun. Washington, D.C.: Neale Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7950-0918-1.
Hofstadter 2011, p. 96. Hofstadter, Richard (2011). "John C. Calhoun: The Marx of the Master Class". The American Political Tradition: And the Men Who Made it. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-80966-7.
Kirk 2001, p. 168. Kirk, Russell (2001). The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89526-171-7.
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Turtinen, Melissa (June 26, 2020). "Calhoun Beach Club changing its name to something to be announced later". Bring Me The News (Maven). and "Park Board votes to change name of Calhoun Parkway to Bde Maka Ska Parkway". KSTP-TV (Hubbard Broadcasting). August 22, 2019. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020.

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Ford 1994, pp. 19–58. Ford, Lacy K. Jr (1994). "Inventing the Concurrent Majority: Madison, Calhoun, and the Problem of Majoritarianism in American Political Thought". Journal of Southern History. 60 (1): 19–58. doi:10.2307/2210719. JSTOR 2210719.
Baskin 1969, pp. 49–65. Baskin, Darryl (1969). "The Pluralist Vision of John C. Calhoun". Polity. 2 (1): 49–65. doi:10.2307/3234088. JSTOR 3234088. S2CID 147534167.
Kateb 1969, pp. 583–605. Kateb, George (1969). "The Majority Principle: Calhoun and His Antecedents". Political Science Quarterly. 84 (4): 583–605. doi:10.2307/2147126. JSTOR 2147126.
Freehling 1965, pp. 25–42. Freehling, William W. (1965). "Spoilsmen and Interests in the Thought and Career of John C. Calhoun". Journal of American History. 52 (1): 25–42. doi:10.2307/1901122. JSTOR 1901122.
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