John T. Morgan (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "John T. Morgan" in English language version.

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Mapp 2020. Mapp, Annie (June 8, 2020). "University of Alabama removes 3 Confederate plaques, to review names of all buildings". Birmingham, Alabama: WBMA. Retrieved July 14, 2020.

archive.org

Davis 1924: "General James H. Clanton of Montgomery was the first Grand Dragon of the Realm of Alabama Ku Klux Klan, and continued in this capacity until his death, when General John T. Morgan was elected in his place, and served until 1876. The Ku Klux Klan in 1877 was led by General Edmund W. Pettus as Grand Dragon of the Realm." Davis, Susan Lawrence (1924). Authentic History Ku Klux Klan, 1865–1877. New York: Davis Publishing. pp. 45, 56, 59 – via Internet Archive. General James H. Clanton of Montgomery was the first Grand Dragon of the Realm of Alabama Ku Klux Klan, and continued in this capacity until his death, when General John T. Morgan was elected in his place, and served until 1876. The Ku Klux Klan in 1877 was led by General Edmund W. Pettus as Grand Dragon of the Realm.
Bowers 1929, p. 310: "On his death the mantle [of Grand Dragon] passed to General John T. Morgan, who later became one of the most distinguished of Senators and statesmen." Bowers, Claude G. (1929). The Tragic Era The Revolution After Lincoln. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Riverside Press – via Internet Archive. On his death the mantle [of Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon] passed to General John T. Morgan, who later became one of the most distinguished of Senators and statesmen.
60th United States Congress 1908, pp. 155, 189, 192. John Tyler Morgan and Edmund Winston Pettus (Late Senators from Alabama) – Memorial Address: Sixtieth Congress First Session. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. April 1908 – via Internet Archive.
Bowers 1929, p. 430; The Montgomery Advertiser 1960, p. 4. Bowers, Claude G. (1929). The Tragic Era The Revolution After Lincoln. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Riverside Press – via Internet Archive. On his death the mantle [of Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon] passed to General John T. Morgan, who later became one of the most distinguished of Senators and statesmen. "Rogers' Voice and Thad Stevens". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. February 4, 1960. p. 4. Retrieved December 17, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. The first leader of the Klan in this state was Gen. James H. Clanton, for whom one of our fine towns is named. And on his death, the leadership passed to Alabama's Gen. John Tyler Morgan.
60th United States Congress 1908, pp. 189, 192. John Tyler Morgan and Edmund Winston Pettus (Late Senators from Alabama) – Memorial Address: Sixtieth Congress First Session. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. April 1908 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 37. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 259: "As a prominent [White] Redeemer, he endorsed the 'Bourbon strategy' for overthrowing Reconstruction through appeals to local autonomy, government economy, and race, and through the practice of widespread fraud and violence." Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 257. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Milford 1970, p. 5. Milford, Nancy (1970). Zelda: A Biography. New York: Harper & Row. LCCN 66-20742 – via Internet Archive. Sayre Street, which ran through the most fashionable section of Montgomery, was named in honor of Anthony's uncle, who had built the White House of the Confederacy for Jefferson Davis and who was a founder of the First Presbyterian Church. Anthony's mother, Musidora Morgan, was the sister of Senator John Tyler Morgan, who served in the United States Senate for thirty-one years.
Levitsky & Ziblatt 2018, p. 111; Kousser 1974, pp. 134–137. Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2018). How Democracies Die. New York: Broadway Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-5247-6294-0 – via Google Books. After the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments formally established universal male suffrage, Democratic-controlled legislatures in the South came up with new means of denying African Americans the right to vote. Most of the new poll taxes and literacy tests were deemed to pass constitutional muster, but they were clearly designed to counter its spirit. As Alabama state legislator Anthony D. Sayre declared upon introducing such legislation, his bill would 'eliminate the Negro from politics, and in a perfectly legal way.' Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01696-4. LCCN 73-86905 – via Internet Archive.
Lanahan 1996, p. 444; Warren 2011. Lanahan, Eleanor (1996) [1994]. Scottie the Daughter of: The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060927387 – via Internet Archive. Warren, Sarah A. (March 8, 2011). "Alabama Constitution of 1901". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved June 4, 2023. Democrats feared losing local and state offices to Republicans, however, so they developed creative ways to reduce the influence of blacks... The 1893 Sayre Act allowed the Alabama governor to appoint election officials and made the voting process difficult for poor and illiterate blacks and whites through small changes to the election system.
Fry 1992, p. 3. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, pp. 7–8. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 5. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Smith 1861, p. 196. Smith, William R. (January 1861). The History and Debates of the Convention of The People of Alabama. Montgomery, Alabama: White, Pfister & Co. – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 259. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 11. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 13. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Smith 1861, pp. 195–200. Smith, William R. (January 1861). The History and Debates of the Convention of The People of Alabama. Montgomery, Alabama: White, Pfister & Co. – via Internet Archive.
Smith 1861, p. 200: "We will leave it to the generations that may occupy the Gulf of Mexico, and rule over the Islands of the adjacent seas, to determine for themselves how much of this property they need". Smith, William R. (January 1861). The History and Debates of the Convention of The People of Alabama. Montgomery, Alabama: White, Pfister & Co. – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 17. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 18. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, pp. 18–19. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 19. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 21. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 22. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, pp. 22–25. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 28. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 28-29. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 30. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
60th United States Congress 1908, p. 155. John Tyler Morgan and Edmund Winston Pettus (Late Senators from Alabama) – Memorial Address: Sixtieth Congress First Session. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. April 1908 – via Internet Archive.
60th United States Congress 1908, p. 189. John Tyler Morgan and Edmund Winston Pettus (Late Senators from Alabama) – Memorial Address: Sixtieth Congress First Session. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. April 1908 – via Internet Archive.
60th United States Congress 1908, p. 192. John Tyler Morgan and Edmund Winston Pettus (Late Senators from Alabama) – Memorial Address: Sixtieth Congress First Session. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. April 1908 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 35. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Fry 1992, p. 261. Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-753-7 – via Internet Archive.
Hochschild 2006, pp. 79–80. Hochschild, Adam (2006) [1998]. King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. London, United Kingdom: Pan Books. ISBN 978-1-4472-3551-4 – via Internet Archive.
Kousser 1974, pp. 134–137. Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01696-4. LCCN 73-86905 – via Internet Archive.
Milford 1970, pp. 3–4. Milford, Nancy (1970). Zelda: A Biography. New York: Harper & Row. LCCN 66-20742 – via Internet Archive. Sayre Street, which ran through the most fashionable section of Montgomery, was named in honor of Anthony's uncle, who had built the White House of the Confederacy for Jefferson Davis and who was a founder of the First Presbyterian Church. Anthony's mother, Musidora Morgan, was the sister of Senator John Tyler Morgan, who served in the United States Senate for thirty-one years.
Cline 2002, p. 13. Cline, Sally (2002). Zelda Fitzgerald: Her Voice in Paradise. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1-55970-688-0 – via Internet Archive.
Lanahan 1996, pp. 443–445. Lanahan, Eleanor (1996) [1994]. Scottie the Daughter of: The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060927387 – via Internet Archive.
Lanahan 1996, p. 444: "At one point, my mother [Scottie] told Virginia that she regretted not having made more friends in the black community [in Montgomery]. "Scottie had made an effort to invite blacks to her house for dinner . . . and she was surprised when she never got invited back." Lanahan, Eleanor (1996) [1994]. Scottie the Daughter of: The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060927387 – via Internet Archive.

archives.gov

National Archives 2016; White & Langer 2015. "American Slavery, Civil Records". National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C. August 15, 2016. White, Horace; Langer, Elinor (March 23, 2015). "American Imperialism: This Is When It All Began". The Nation. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022.

books.google.com

Alabama Register 1915, pp. 49–50. State of Alabama, Department of Archives and History (1915). Owen, Thomas M. (ed.). Alabama Official and Statistical Register. Montgomery, Alabama: Brown Printing Company. p. 50 – via Google Books.
Levitsky & Ziblatt 2018, p. 111; Kousser 1974, pp. 134–137. Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2018). How Democracies Die. New York: Broadway Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-5247-6294-0 – via Google Books. After the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments formally established universal male suffrage, Democratic-controlled legislatures in the South came up with new means of denying African Americans the right to vote. Most of the new poll taxes and literacy tests were deemed to pass constitutional muster, but they were clearly designed to counter its spirit. As Alabama state legislator Anthony D. Sayre declared upon introducing such legislation, his bill would 'eliminate the Negro from politics, and in a perfectly legal way.' Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01696-4. LCCN 73-86905 – via Internet Archive.
Levitsky & Ziblatt 2018, p. 111. Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2018). How Democracies Die. New York: Broadway Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-5247-6294-0 – via Google Books. After the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments formally established universal male suffrage, Democratic-controlled legislatures in the South came up with new means of denying African Americans the right to vote. Most of the new poll taxes and literacy tests were deemed to pass constitutional muster, but they were clearly designed to counter its spirit. As Alabama state legislator Anthony D. Sayre declared upon introducing such legislation, his bill would 'eliminate the Negro from politics, and in a perfectly legal way.'

doi.org

Fry 1985, pp. 329–346. Fry, Joseph A. (Fall 1985). "John Tyler Morgan's Southern Expansionism". Diplomatic History. 9 (4). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press: 329–346. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1985.tb00542.x. JSTOR 24911693.
Lösing 2020, p. 227. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.
Lösing 2020, p. 252-261. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.
Lösing 2020, pp. 339–350. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.

encyclopediaofalabama.org

Hauser 2022; Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Hauser, Christine (February 8, 2022). "An Alabama Building Honors a Klan Leader. Officials Are Adding a Black Student's Name". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022. Morgan Hall, named for John Tyler Morgan, a former Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon... Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Lanahan 1996, p. 444; Warren 2011. Lanahan, Eleanor (1996) [1994]. Scottie the Daughter of: The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060927387 – via Internet Archive. Warren, Sarah A. (March 8, 2011). "Alabama Constitution of 1901". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved June 4, 2023. Democrats feared losing local and state offices to Republicans, however, so they developed creative ways to reduce the influence of blacks... The 1893 Sayre Act allowed the Alabama governor to appoint election officials and made the voting process difficult for poor and illiterate blacks and whites through small changes to the election system.
Hebert 2010: "General Edmund Pettus of Dallas County was the last person to hold that title during Reconstruction." Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years.
Warren 2011. Warren, Sarah A. (March 8, 2011). "Alabama Constitution of 1901". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved June 4, 2023. Democrats feared losing local and state offices to Republicans, however, so they developed creative ways to reduce the influence of blacks... The 1893 Sayre Act allowed the Alabama governor to appoint election officials and made the voting process difficult for poor and illiterate blacks and whites through small changes to the election system.

findarticles.com

Upchurch 2004. Upchurch, Thomas Adams (April 2004). "Senator John Tyler Morgan and the Genesis of Jim Crow Ideology, 1889-1891". Alabama Review. Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Historical Association: 110–31. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006.
Upchurch 2004; Holthouse 2008. Upchurch, Thomas Adams (April 2004). "Senator John Tyler Morgan and the Genesis of Jim Crow Ideology, 1889-1891". Alabama Review. Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Historical Association: 110–31. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.

govinfo.gov

"S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903". GovInfo.gov. U.S. Government Printing Office. November 9, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved July 2, 2023.

jstor.org

Fry 1985, pp. 329–346. Fry, Joseph A. (Fall 1985). "John Tyler Morgan's Southern Expansionism". Diplomatic History. 9 (4). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press: 329–346. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1985.tb00542.x. JSTOR 24911693.
Morgan 1884a, pp. 81–84. Morgan, John T. (1884a). "The Future of the Negro". The North American Review. 139 (332). Boston, Massachusetts: 81–84. JSTOR 25118403 – via JSTOR.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Milford 1970, p. 5. Milford, Nancy (1970). Zelda: A Biography. New York: Harper & Row. LCCN 66-20742 – via Internet Archive. Sayre Street, which ran through the most fashionable section of Montgomery, was named in honor of Anthony's uncle, who had built the White House of the Confederacy for Jefferson Davis and who was a founder of the First Presbyterian Church. Anthony's mother, Musidora Morgan, was the sister of Senator John Tyler Morgan, who served in the United States Senate for thirty-one years.
Levitsky & Ziblatt 2018, p. 111; Kousser 1974, pp. 134–137. Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2018). How Democracies Die. New York: Broadway Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-5247-6294-0 – via Google Books. After the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments formally established universal male suffrage, Democratic-controlled legislatures in the South came up with new means of denying African Americans the right to vote. Most of the new poll taxes and literacy tests were deemed to pass constitutional muster, but they were clearly designed to counter its spirit. As Alabama state legislator Anthony D. Sayre declared upon introducing such legislation, his bill would 'eliminate the Negro from politics, and in a perfectly legal way.' Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01696-4. LCCN 73-86905 – via Internet Archive.
Kousser 1974, pp. 134–137. Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01696-4. LCCN 73-86905 – via Internet Archive.
Milford 1970, pp. 3–4. Milford, Nancy (1970). Zelda: A Biography. New York: Harper & Row. LCCN 66-20742 – via Internet Archive. Sayre Street, which ran through the most fashionable section of Montgomery, was named in honor of Anthony's uncle, who had built the White House of the Confederacy for Jefferson Davis and who was a founder of the First Presbyterian Church. Anthony's mother, Musidora Morgan, was the sister of Senator John Tyler Morgan, who served in the United States Senate for thirty-one years.

newspapers.com

The Selma Times-Journal 1925, p. 8. "General John Tyler Morgan Born One Hundred Years Ago". The Selma Times-Journal. Selma, Alabama. March 15, 1924. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
The Montgomery Advertiser 1960, p. 4: "The first leader of the Klan in this state was Gen. James H. Clanton, for whom one of our fine towns is named. And on his death, the leadership passed to Alabama's Gen. John Tyler Morgan." "Rogers' Voice and Thad Stevens". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. February 4, 1960. p. 4. Retrieved December 17, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. The first leader of the Klan in this state was Gen. James H. Clanton, for whom one of our fine towns is named. And on his death, the leadership passed to Alabama's Gen. John Tyler Morgan.
Bowers 1929, p. 430; The Montgomery Advertiser 1960, p. 4. Bowers, Claude G. (1929). The Tragic Era The Revolution After Lincoln. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Riverside Press – via Internet Archive. On his death the mantle [of Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon] passed to General John T. Morgan, who later became one of the most distinguished of Senators and statesmen. "Rogers' Voice and Thad Stevens". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. February 4, 1960. p. 4. Retrieved December 17, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. The first leader of the Klan in this state was Gen. James H. Clanton, for whom one of our fine towns is named. And on his death, the leadership passed to Alabama's Gen. John Tyler Morgan.
Jones 1928, p. 49; Holthouse 2008. Jones, Walter B. (March 15, 1928). "Glimpse Into Lives of Some Great Southern Leaders of Pioneer Days". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. Retrieved December 17, 2022. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Spradling 1925, p. 16. Spradling, Mrs. C. F. (July 18, 1925). "'Father of Panama Canal' Was Born In Log Cabin Near Athens, Tennessee". Chattanooga News (Saturday ed.). Chattanooga, Tennessee. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.

nytimes.com

Hauser 2022; Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Hauser, Christine (February 8, 2022). "An Alabama Building Honors a Klan Leader. Officials Are Adding a Black Student's Name". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022. Morgan Hall, named for John Tyler Morgan, a former Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon... Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lösing 2020, p. 227. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.
Lösing 2020, p. 252-261. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.
Lösing 2020, pp. 339–350. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.

splcenter.org

Hauser 2022; Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Hauser, Christine (February 8, 2022). "An Alabama Building Honors a Klan Leader. Officials Are Adding a Black Student's Name". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022. Morgan Hall, named for John Tyler Morgan, a former Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon... Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Upchurch 2004; Holthouse 2008. Upchurch, Thomas Adams (April 2004). "Senator John Tyler Morgan and the Genesis of Jim Crow Ideology, 1889-1891". Alabama Review. Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Historical Association: 110–31. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Jones 1928, p. 49; Holthouse 2008. Jones, Walter B. (March 15, 1928). "Glimpse Into Lives of Some Great Southern Leaders of Pioneer Days". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. Retrieved December 17, 2022. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Holthouse 2008. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.

thenation.com

National Archives 2016; White & Langer 2015. "American Slavery, Civil Records". National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C. August 15, 2016. White, Horace; Langer, Elinor (March 23, 2015). "American Imperialism: This Is When It All Began". The Nation. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
White & Langer 2015. White, Horace; Langer, Elinor (March 23, 2015). "American Imperialism: This Is When It All Began". The Nation. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022.

transcript-open.de

Lösing 2020, p. 227. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.
Lösing 2020, p. 252-261. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.
Lösing 2020, pp. 339–350. Lösing, Felix (2020). A 'Crisis of Whiteness" in the 'Heart of Darkness': Racism and the Congo Reform Movement. Kulturen der Gesellschaft. Vol. 45. Bielefeld: Transcript. doi:10.14361/9783839454985. ISBN 978-3-8376-5498-1. S2CID 234567502.

tuscaloosanews.com

Enoch 2015: "The removal of the portrait of Morgan, an outspoken white supremacist, was welcomed..." Enoch, Ed (December 18, 2015). "Confederate general's portrait replaced in Morgan Hall". Tuscaloosa News. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.

ua.edu

cw.ua.edu

Bolling 2020. Bolling, Jessa Reid (September 18, 2020). "University of Alabama trustees vote to rename Morgan Hall". The Crimson White. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Retrieved December 17, 2022. The University of Alabama Board of Trustees voted Thursday to rename Morgan Hall, originally named for a former Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon.

washingtonpost.com

Hauser 2022; Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Hauser, Christine (February 8, 2022). "An Alabama Building Honors a Klan Leader. Officials Are Adding a Black Student's Name". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved December 17, 2022. Morgan Hall, named for John Tyler Morgan, a former Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon... Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Svrluga 2016; Hebert 2010; Holthouse 2008. Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. Hebert, Keith S. (September 14, 2010). "Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia. Retrieved August 28, 2021. Following Clanton's murder in 1871, John Tyler Morgan, an ex-Confederate general and a future six-term U.S. senator from Alabama, held the position of Grand Dragon for several years. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Frommer 2022. Frommer, Frederic J. (June 21, 2022). "D.C. elected its own mayors in the 1800s — until Congress stepped in". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
Svrluga 2016. Svrluga, Susan (February 22, 2016). "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [John Tyler Morgan was] a former senator who was a Confederate general and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan.

wbrc.com

Gauntt 2016. Gauntt, Joshua (February 26, 2016). "UA president responds to petition to rename Morgan Hall after Harper Lee". Birmingham, Alabama: WBRC. Retrieved December 17, 2022. An online petition asking University of Alabama President Dr. Stuart Bell to rename Morgan Hall after Harper Lee is gaining momentum.... Morgan Hall, which is home to the university's English department, is named after John Tyler Morgan, a Confederate General then later U.S. Senator with KKK ties.

web.archive.org

Upchurch 2004. Upchurch, Thomas Adams (April 2004). "Senator John Tyler Morgan and the Genesis of Jim Crow Ideology, 1889-1891". Alabama Review. Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Historical Association: 110–31. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006.
Upchurch 2004; Holthouse 2008. Upchurch, Thomas Adams (April 2004). "Senator John Tyler Morgan and the Genesis of Jim Crow Ideology, 1889-1891". Alabama Review. Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Historical Association: 110–31. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006. Holthouse, David (November 30, 2008). "Activists Confront Hate in Selma, Ala". Intelligence Report. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022. When Morgan represented Alabama in Washington, D.C., following the Civil War, the former Confederate general-turned-grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and six-term U.S. senator introduced and championed several bills to legalize the practice of racist vigilante murder as a means of preserving white power in the Deep South.
Enoch 2015: "The removal of the portrait of Morgan, an outspoken white supremacist, was welcomed..." Enoch, Ed (December 18, 2015). "Confederate general's portrait replaced in Morgan Hall". Tuscaloosa News. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.