Freeman, Ira Henry. "3 Convicted of Plot In Riesel Blinding." New York Times. December 7, 1956; "Guilty Plea Filed in Riesel Attack." New York Times. January 26, 1957; United States v. Miranti,253 F.2d 135 (1958).
This appeal was based on a letter he received in prison in which a juror in his trial claimed to have found him guilty because of astrological signs. Dio argued this meant the juror was mentally unbalanced and not fit to be empanelled. The appellate court held that determining the fitness of citizens to sit on juries was the duty of the trial court. Absent any procedural errors, such determinations could not be reviewed by the appellate court. See: United States v. Dioguardi, 492 F.2d 70 (1974).
"Stupefying Sam." Time. December 31, 1965; Kennedy, Robert F. The Enemy Within: The McClellan Committee's Crusade Against Jimmy Hoffa and Corrupt Labor Unions. Revised and reissued. Boston: Da Capo Press, 1994. ISBN0-306-80590-1; Scott, Peter Dale. Deep Politics and the Death of JFK. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1996. ISBN0-520-20519-7; "Dio Given Two-Year Term For Mortgage Kickback." New York Times. April 28, 1971.
A "paper local" is a local union, chartered by an international union or self-chartered, established for the purposes of fraud. It may have no members; the "members" may be relatives or individuals involved in organized crime rather than workers; or the union may claim to represent workers but in fact no relationship has been established. The holder of the charter for the paper local charter often enters into a sweetheart contract with an employer, or uses it as extortion (threatening to unionize the workers unless he receives a payoff). Paper locals are denounced by the AFL-CIO Code of Ethical Practices. See: Doherty, Robert Emmett. Industrial and Labor Relations Terms: A Glossary. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989. ISBN0-87546-152-2; "The Conglomerate of Crime." Time. August 22, 1969.
