Kalam (English Wikipedia)

Yusuf Abu Ubaidah as-Sidawy (13 March 2010). "15 Alasan Kokohnya Aqidah Salaf Shalih" [Do You Know Where Allah Is?]. Yusuf Abu Ubaidah Official (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 August 2024. concise reference text from: Al-Albani (2003). "1". Irwaul Ghalil [The stability of the Salaf's creed and its safety from changes] (in Arabic). Saudi Arabia: Najla Press. p. 113. Retrieved 9 August 2024.

academia.edu

Abdurrahman Atçıl (2019). "The Kalām (Rational Theology) Section in the Palace Library Inventory". In Gülrü Necipoğlu; Cemal Kafadar; Cornell Fleischer (eds.). Treasures of Knowledge. An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/03–1503/04). Brill. pp. 367–388.
Shlomo Pines (1971). A Note on an Early Meaning of the Term Mutakallim in Israel Oriental Studies 1. Tel Aviv University. p. 225.

al-islam.org

Mutahhari, Murtadha (12 March 2013). "An Introduction to Ilm al-Kalam". Retrieved 2023-10-31. For a definition of 'ilm al-kalam, it is sufficient to say that, "It is a science which studies the basic doctrines of the Islamic faith (usul al-Din). It identifies the basic doctrines and seeks to prove their validity and answers any doubts which may be cast upon them."
Mutahhari, Murtadha (12 March 2013). "An Introduction to Ilm al-Kalam". al-islam.org. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
Mutahhari, Murtadha (12 March 2013). "An Introduction to Ilm al-Kalam". al-islam.org. Retrieved 2023-10-31. These were: embracing of Islam by various nations who brought with them a series of (alien) ideas and notions; mixing and coexistence of the Muslims with people of various religions, such as, the Jews, the Christians, the Magians, and the Sabaeans, and the ensuing religious debates and disputes between the Muslims and those peoples; the emergence of the Zanadiqah in the Islamic world - who were totally against religion - as a result of the general freedom during the rule of the 'Abbasid Caliphs (as long as it did not interfere in the matters of state politics); the birth of philosophy in the Muslim world - which by itself gave birth to doubts and skeptical attitudes.

almanhaj.or.id

Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas (13 November 2012). "Dalil 'Aqli (Akal) Yang Benar Akan Sesuai Dengan Dalil Naqli/Nash Yang Shahih: Penjelasan Kaidah Keenam Dalil aqli (akal) yang benar akan sesuai dengan dalil Naqli/nash yang shahih" [The correct 'Aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument: Explanation of the Sixth Rule The correct aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument]. Almanhaj. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Chapter 6 of= Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah (in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. ISBN 978-979-3536-64-4. OCLC 949744119. References from:
- Othman Jum'a ad-Damiriyya (1996). المدخل لدراسات العقيدة الإسلامية على مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة [Introduction to Islamic Doctrine Studies According to the Sunni School of Thought] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). مكتبة السوادي للتوزيع. pp. 40–41, 45–46. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- Abu Minhal (2010). "Ilmu Filsafat, Perusak Akidah Islam" [Philosophy damaging Aqida]. Almanhaj (in Indonesian). Yayasan Lajnah Istiqomah (Lajnah Istiqomah institute). Retrieved 13 August 2024. concise references from:
  - Ibn al-Jawzi (2004). al-Masihi Suwaidan, Hassan (ed.). كتاب صيد الخاطر [Book of Hunting the Mind] (in Arabic). Damascus: دار القلم. p. 226. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  - Abu Isma'il Muslim al Atsari (2000). "Jangan Mengambil Ilmu dari Ahli Bid'ah (en. do not take knowledge from innovators)". Majalah as-Sunnah [As-Sunnah magazine] (in Indonesian). Solo, Indonesia: Lajnah Istiqomah Surakarta Foundation. Retrieved 23 August 2024. quote from: Bakr bin Abdullah Abu Zaid bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Bakr bin Othman bin Yahya bin Ghayhab bin Muhammad (1994). Abu Zaid, Bakr (ed.). حلية طالب العلم [Student's ornament] (in Arabic). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: دار العاصمة للنشر والتوزيع. p. 39. Retrieved 23 August 2024. Siyar A'lam al-Nubala', 4/472

almoqtabas.com

Walid ibn Muhammad Nabih ibn Sayf an-Nashr (1996). ibn 'Ied al-Abbasi, Muhammad (ed.). أصول السنة [Principle of Sunnah] (in Arabic). Maktaba Ibn Taymiyyah. p. 50. Retrieved 9 August 2024. Footnote 13

alukah.net

Zaid Al-Sharif (2015). "آراء الغزالي وابن تيمية في الحد المنطقي" [Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah's views on the logical definition]. alukah.net (in Arabic). لألوكة. Retrieved 25 August 2024.

archive.org

Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri 1988, p. 95 Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri (1988). Al-Ilam bi-Manaqis al-Islam. Riyadh: Dar al-Asala. pp. 107–113.
Ibn al-Tilimsani 2010, p. 43 Ibn al-Tilimsani (2010). Nizar Ḥamadi (ed.). Sharḥ Maʿalim Usul al-Din. Vol. 1. Amman: Dar al-Fatḥ. pp. 42–44.
Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1985). Ahmad Abdurahman al-Sharif (ed.). Al-Sahaʾif al-Ilahiya. Kuwait: Maktabat al-Falah. p. 66.
Ibn Khaldun 2001, p. 588 Ibn Khaldun (2001). Ḫalil Sahada, Suhail Zakkar (ed.). Al-Muqaddima. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. pp. 580–591.
Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1929). Al-Musayara fi Ilm al-Kalam. Cairo: Al-Maṭbaʿa al-Mahmudiya, Cairo. p. 5.
Abd an-Nabī al-Ahmadnagarī (2000). Gami al-Ulum fi Istilahat al-Funan, al-Mulaqqab bi-Dustur al-Ulama. Vol. 3. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 95.
Al-Ghazali (2000). Rashid Rida (ed.). Gawahir al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar Iḥya al-Ulum. p. 39.
Ibn al-Athir (1980). Al-Lubab fi Tahḏib al-Ansab. Vol. 3. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir. p. 161.
Ibn Khallikan (1978). Ihsan Abbas (ed.). Wafayat al-A'yan wa-Anba Abna al-Zaman. Vol. 4. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir. p. 271.
Al-Shahrastani (1992). Ahmad Fahmi Muhammad (ed.). al-Milal wa-n-niḥal. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 23.
Ibn al-Tilimsani 2010, p. 42 Ibn al-Tilimsani (2010). Nizar Ḥamadi (ed.). Sharḥ Maʿalim Usul al-Din. Vol. 1. Amman: Dar al-Fatḥ. pp. 42–44.
Ibn Khaldun 2001, p. 589 Ibn Khaldun (2001). Ḫalil Sahada, Suhail Zakkar (ed.). Al-Muqaddima. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. pp. 580–591.
Tjitze de Boer [in Western Frisian] (1901). History of Philosophy in Islam. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog. p. 43.
A. J. Wensinck [in German] (1932). The Muslim Creed. Its Genesis and Historical Development. Cambridge University Press. pp. 717–723.
Ibn Khaldun 2001, p. 586 Ibn Khaldun (2001). Ḫalil Sahada, Suhail Zakkar (ed.). Al-Muqaddima. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. pp. 580–591.
Mohammed Abed al-Jabri (2002). Takwīn al-ʿaql al-ʿarabī. Beirut: The Centre: Journal of Arabic Studies. p. 347.
Abd al-Aziz al-Duri, ed. (1971). Ahbar al-Daula al-Abbasiya wa-Fihi Ahbar al-Abbas wa-Waladihi. Beirut: Dar al-Tali. p. 310.
Abu Zakariya al-Azdi (1967). Ali Habiba (ed.). Tarikh al-Mausil. p. 5.
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani (2008). Kitab al-Agani. Vol. III. Translated by Ihsan Abbas; Ibrahim al-Sa'afrin; Bakr Abbas. Beirut: Dar Sadir. p. 101.
Abdullah Ansari (2008). Abu Gabir al-Ansari (ed.). Dham al-Kalam wa-ahlihi. Vol. IV. Amman: Maktabat al-Guraba al-Atariya. pp. 116–221.
Ibn Taymiyyah (1993). Muhibb al-Hatib (ed.). Al-Muntaqa min Manahig al-i-Tidal. Riyadh: Al-Risala al-Amm al-Idarat al-Buhut al-Ilmiya. p. 528.
al-Masudi (1861–1877). Muruj ad-Dahab wa-Maʿadin al-Jawhar. Vol. VIII. Translated by Barbier de Meynard et Pavet de Courteille. p. 293.
Al-Shahrastani (1850–1851). Al-Milal wa al-Nihal (in German). Vol. 1. Translated by Theodor Haarbrücker. Halle. p. 28.
Al-Yaʿqūbī (2019). Abdurahman Abdallah al-Saqir (ed.). Musakalat al-Nas li-Zamanihim (in Arabic). Beirut: Gadawil. p. 100.
Ibn Babawayh (1991). Husain al-A'lami (ed.). Musakalat al-Nas li-Zamanihim (in Arabic). Beirut: Mu'assasat al-A'lami. p. 339.
al-Masudi (1861–1877). Muruj ad-Dahab wa-Maʿadin al-Jawhar. Vol. VI. Translated by Barbier de Meynard et Pavet de Courteille. pp. 368–375.
Al-Yaʿqūbī (2019). Abdurahman Abdallah al-Saqir (ed.). Musakalat al-Nas li-Zamanihim (in Arabic). Beirut: Gadawil. p. 104.
Muḥammad ibn Abī-Bakr Sāčaqlızāde (1996). Tartib al-ulum. Beirut: Dar al-Basa'ir al-Islamiya. p. 149.
Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Bartallī (1981). Fatḥ al-Sakur fi Maʿrifat aʿyan Ulama al-Takrur. p. 181.
Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas (13 November 2012). "Dalil 'Aqli (Akal) Yang Benar Akan Sesuai Dengan Dalil Naqli/Nash Yang Shahih: Penjelasan Kaidah Keenam Dalil aqli (akal) yang benar akan sesuai dengan dalil Naqli/nash yang shahih" [The correct 'Aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument: Explanation of the Sixth Rule The correct aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument]. Almanhaj. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Chapter 6 of= Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah (in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. ISBN 978-979-3536-64-4. OCLC 949744119. References from:
- Othman Jum'a ad-Damiriyya (1996). المدخل لدراسات العقيدة الإسلامية على مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة [Introduction to Islamic Doctrine Studies According to the Sunni School of Thought] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). مكتبة السوادي للتوزيع. pp. 40–41, 45–46. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- Abu Minhal (2010). "Ilmu Filsafat, Perusak Akidah Islam" [Philosophy damaging Aqida]. Almanhaj (in Indonesian). Yayasan Lajnah Istiqomah (Lajnah Istiqomah institute). Retrieved 13 August 2024. concise references from:
  - Ibn al-Jawzi (2004). al-Masihi Suwaidan, Hassan (ed.). كتاب صيد الخاطر [Book of Hunting the Mind] (in Arabic). Damascus: دار القلم. p. 226. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  - Halverson (2010, p. 38). Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "The Doctrines of Sunni Theology". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 12–31. doi:10.1057/9780230106581_2. ISBN 978-0-230-10658-1.
  ia803207.us.archive.org
  - Al-Jahiz (1979). Abd as-Salam M. Harun (ed.). Risala fi nafy at-tasbih (PDF) (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo. p. 285.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

archive.today

'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir. "دور أبي ذر الهروي في نشر الأشعرية بالمغرب" [The role of Abu Dharr al-Harawi in the spread of Ash'ari theology in Morocco] (in Arabic). Muhammadiya Association of Scholars. Archived from the original on 13 Apr 2023.

arrabita.ma

'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir. "دور أبي ذر الهروي في نشر الأشعرية بالمغرب" [The role of Abu Dharr al-Harawi in the spread of Ash'ari theology in Morocco] (in Arabic). Muhammadiya Association of Scholars. Archived from the original on 13 Apr 2023.

books.google.com

Abdel-Haleem, M. A. S. (2008). "Part I: Historical perspectives - Qur'an and hadith". In Winter, Timothy (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–32. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521780582.002. ISBN 978-1-139-00181-6.
• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period - Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period - Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
Shaukat Ali (1993). Millenarian and Messianic Tendencies in Islamic History. Publishers United. p. 118. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
Pemikiran Islam di Malaysia: sejarah dan aliran (in Malay). Gema Insani. 1997. p. 137. ISBN 979-561-430-4. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
brahim bin 'Amir Ar-Ruhaili (2019). Sikap Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah terhadap Ahli Bid'ah dan Pengikut Hawa Nafsu (Jilid: 2) [The Attitude of Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah towards Heretics and Followers of Lust (Volume: 2)] (in Indonesian). Darul Falah. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-979-3036-74-8. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
Musthafa Said Al-khin (2014). Zirzis, Achmad (ed.). Sejarah Ushul Fikih [History of Ushul Fiqih] (in Indonesian). Translated by Muhammad Misbah. East Jakarta, Id: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. p. 235. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
Turner 2010, p. 95; Melchert 1996, pp. 321–25; Ibn Khallikan 1871, pp. 66, 69–70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: p. 75. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Turner 2010, pp. 95–98; Melchert 1996, pp. 325–26; Hinds 1993, pp. 4–5; Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960, p. 271; Ibn Khallikan 1871, p. 70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: pp. 116-19. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Hinds, M. (1993). "Mihna". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Zetterstéen, K. V. & Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 271. OCLC 495469456. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Al-Bayhaqi (1999). Allah's Names and Attributes. Translated by Gibril Fouad Haddad. Islamic Supreme Council of America. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-930409-03-3.
Henry Corbin (2014). History Of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-135-19889-3. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
Federico Campagna (2018). Technic and Magic: The Reconstruction of Reality. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-350-04403-6. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
Muhammad Kamal (2016). Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 42, 50, 52. ISBN 978-1-317-09370-1. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (Egypt) research team (2015). Artawijaya (ed.). Ensiklopedi Aliran dan Madzhab Di Dunia Islam [Encyclopedia of Schools and Schools of Thought in the Islamic World] (in Indonesian). Translated by Masturi Ilham; M. Abidin Zuhdi; Khalifurrahman Fath. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar; Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (Egypt). p. 664. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
Saul Silas Fathi (22 December 2023). Gods and Religions. Writers Republic LLC. p. 615. ISBN 9798891004665.
Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas (13 November 2012). "Dalil 'Aqli (Akal) Yang Benar Akan Sesuai Dengan Dalil Naqli/Nash Yang Shahih: Penjelasan Kaidah Keenam Dalil aqli (akal) yang benar akan sesuai dengan dalil Naqli/nash yang shahih" [The correct 'Aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument: Explanation of the Sixth Rule The correct aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument]. Almanhaj. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Chapter 6 of= Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah (in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. ISBN 978-979-3536-64-4. OCLC 949744119. References from:
- Othman Jum'a ad-Damiriyya (1996). المدخل لدراسات العقيدة الإسلامية على مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة [Introduction to Islamic Doctrine Studies According to the Sunni School of Thought] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). مكتبة السوادي للتوزيع. pp. 40–41, 45–46. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- Halverson (2010, p. 38). Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "The Doctrines of Sunni Theology". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 12–31. doi:10.1057/9780230106581_2. ISBN 978-0-230-10658-1.
- Birgit Krawietz; Georges Tamer (2013). Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 276–277. ISBN 978-3-11-028540-6. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- Ahmad Farid Al-Mazidi (2023). المذهب العارف ومذاهب أخرى (دائرة المعارف -8-). f Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية‎. pp. iii, 28, 31. ISBN 978-2-7451-8264-7. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- Sophie Gilliat-Ray (2010). Muslims in Britain: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-521-83006-5.

brillonline.com

booksandjournals.brillonline.com

Turner 2010, p. 95; Melchert 1996, pp. 321–25; Ibn Khallikan 1871, pp. 66, 69–70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: p. 75. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Turner 2010, pp. 95–98; Melchert 1996, pp. 325–26; Hinds 1993, pp. 4–5; Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960, p. 271; Ibn Khallikan 1871, p. 70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: pp. 116-19. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Hinds, M. (1993). "Mihna". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Zetterstéen, K. V. & Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 271. OCLC 495469456. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Turner 2010, pp. 95–98; Melchert 1996, pp. 325–26; Hinds 1993, pp. 4–5; Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960, p. 271; Ibn Khallikan 1871, p. 70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: pp. 116-19. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Hinds, M. (1993). "Mihna". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Zetterstéen, K. V. & Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 271. OCLC 495469456. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.

ceeol.com

Bogdana Todorova (2020). "KHOMEINI'S POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS APPROACH OF THE 'IRANIAN NATION'". Politics and Religion • Politologie des Religions. XIV (1). Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: 45, 47, 52. Retrieved 22 August 2024.

digitale-sammlungen.de

Franz August Schmölders (1985). Essai sur les écoles philosophiques chez les arabes. Stuttgart et al.

doi.org

Abdel-Haleem, M. A. S. (2008). "Part I: Historical perspectives - Qur'an and hadith". In Winter, Timothy (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–32. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521780582.002. ISBN 978-1-139-00181-6.
• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period - Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period - Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
Gardet, Louis (1978). "Kalām". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. J.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Dumont, C.; Paterson, M. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0421. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
W. Williams (2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 34 (3). Cambridge University Press: 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021.
Turner 2010, p. 95; Melchert 1996, pp. 321–25; Ibn Khallikan 1871, pp. 66, 69–70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: p. 75. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Turner 2010, pp. 95–98; Melchert 1996, pp. 325–26; Hinds 1993, pp. 4–5; Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960, p. 271; Ibn Khallikan 1871, p. 70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: pp. 116-19. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Hinds, M. (1993). "Mihna". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Zetterstéen, K. V. & Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 271. OCLC 495469456. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Pellat, Charles (1971). "Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawānī". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 936–937. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3374. OCLC 495469525.
Jeffry R. Halverson (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. SpringerLink. pp. 33–57. doi:10.1057/9780230106581_3. ISBN 978-0-230-10658-1. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
Gunhild Graf (2018). Ilm al-kalām in Mauritania based on Moorish commentaries on the Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna by al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632) (in German). Asian studies. p. 757. doi:10.1515/asia-2018-0008.
Michael Kemper (1998). Sufis and scholars in Tatarstan and Bashkiria, 1789–1889. The Islamic discourse under Russian rule. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. p. 221. doi:10.1353/imp.2011.0085.
Halverson (2010, p. 38). Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "The Doctrines of Sunni Theology". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 12–31. doi:10.1057/9780230106581_2. ISBN 978-0-230-10658-1.
Nizami, Khaliq AHmad (1990). "The Impact of Ibn Taymiyya on South Asia". Journal of Islamic Studies. 1. Oxford University Press: 139–140. doi:10.1093/jis/1.1.120. JSTOR 26195671. After Shah Wali Allah, the most powerful advocate of Ibn Taimiyya's ideology was Nawab Sayyid Muhammad Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832–1890)..

eshia.ir

lib.eshia.ir

Morteza Motahhari 1991, p. 57 Morteza Motahhari (1991). Rafiq al-Agam, Ali Daḥrug (ed.). Magmuʿa-i Atar. Vol. 3. Tehran: Intisarat-i Sadra. pp. 57–67.

islamhouse.com

d1.islamhouse.com

Ilahi, Muhammad Manzoor. Zakariya, Abu Bakr Muhammad (ed.). "Samāja sanskārē saṭhika ākīdāra gurutba" (The Importance of Right Aqeedah in Social Reformation) (PDF) (in Bengali). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Islamic Propagation Office in Rabwah. pp. 11–12. Retrieved 23 November 2022.

jstor.org

Turner 2010, p. 95; Melchert 1996, pp. 321–25; Ibn Khallikan 1871, pp. 66, 69–70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: p. 75. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Turner 2010, pp. 95–98; Melchert 1996, pp. 325–26; Hinds 1993, pp. 4–5; Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960, p. 271; Ibn Khallikan 1871, p. 70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: pp. 116-19. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Hinds, M. (1993). "Mihna". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Zetterstéen, K. V. & Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 271. OCLC 495469456. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Nizami, Khaliq AHmad (1990). "The Impact of Ibn Taymiyya on South Asia". Journal of Islamic Studies. 1. Oxford University Press: 139–140. doi:10.1093/jis/1.1.120. JSTOR 26195671. After Shah Wali Allah, the most powerful advocate of Ibn Taimiyya's ideology was Nawab Sayyid Muhammad Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832–1890)..

kcl.ac.uk

kclpure.kcl.ac.uk

Aaminah-Kulsum Patel (1 July 2022). The Ascent of Adam: Re-Evaluating the First Prophet in Quranic Exegesis. King's College London. p. 211.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period - Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period - Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.

marmara.edu.tr

katalog.marmara.edu.tr

İsmail Hakkı İzmirli [in Turkish] (1981). Muhassalu al-Kalam fi al-Hikme (PDF). Istanbul: Evkaf-ı İslamiye Matbaası. p. 181.

muslimphilosophy.com

Mutahhari, Murtada. "An Introduction to 'Ilm al-Kalam". Muslim Philosophy. Translated by Qara'i, 'Ali Quli. Retrieved 29 March 2018.

researchgate.net

Gunhild Graf (2018). Ilm al-kalām in Mauritania based on Moorish commentaries on the Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna by al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632) (in German). Asian studies. p. 757. doi:10.1515/asia-2018-0008.

scribd.com

Brown, Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought, 1996: p.15 Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57077-8. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

shamela.ws

Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas (13 November 2012). "Dalil 'Aqli (Akal) Yang Benar Akan Sesuai Dengan Dalil Naqli/Nash Yang Shahih: Penjelasan Kaidah Keenam Dalil aqli (akal) yang benar akan sesuai dengan dalil Naqli/nash yang shahih" [The correct 'Aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument: Explanation of the Sixth Rule The correct aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument]. Almanhaj. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Chapter 6 of= Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah (in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. ISBN 978-979-3536-64-4. OCLC 949744119. References from:
- Othman Jum'a ad-Damiriyya (1996). المدخل لدراسات العقيدة الإسلامية على مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة [Introduction to Islamic Doctrine Studies According to the Sunni School of Thought] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). مكتبة السوادي للتوزيع. pp. 40–41, 45–46. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- Abu Minhal (2010). "Ilmu Filsafat, Perusak Akidah Islam" [Philosophy damaging Aqida]. Almanhaj (in Indonesian). Yayasan Lajnah Istiqomah (Lajnah Istiqomah institute). Retrieved 13 August 2024. concise references from:
  - Ibn al-Jawzi (2004). al-Masihi Suwaidan, Hassan (ed.). كتاب صيد الخاطر [Book of Hunting the Mind] (in Arabic). Damascus: دار القلم. p. 226. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  - Abu Isma'il Muslim al Atsari (2000). "Jangan Mengambil Ilmu dari Ahli Bid'ah (en. do not take knowledge from innovators)". Majalah as-Sunnah [As-Sunnah magazine] (in Indonesian). Solo, Indonesia: Lajnah Istiqomah Surakarta Foundation. Retrieved 23 August 2024. quote from: Bakr bin Abdullah Abu Zaid bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Bakr bin Othman bin Yahya bin Ghayhab bin Muhammad (1994). Abu Zaid, Bakr (ed.). حلية طالب العلم [Student's ornament] (in Arabic). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: دار العاصمة للنشر والتوزيع. p. 39. Retrieved 23 August 2024. Siyar A'lam al-Nubala', 4/472

shiabooks.net

Al-Farabi 1949, p. 107 Al-Farabi (1949). Ihsa al-Ulum. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi. pp. 107–113.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Jeffry R. Halverson (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. SpringerLink. pp. 33–57. doi:10.1057/9780230106581_3. ISBN 978-0-230-10658-1. Retrieved 9 August 2024.

staidaf.ac.id

elibrary.staidaf.ac.id

Yusuf Abu Ubaidah as-Sidawy (13 March 2010). "15 Alasan Kokohnya Aqidah Salaf Shalih" [Do You Know Where Allah Is?]. Yusuf Abu Ubaidah Official (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 August 2024. concise reference text from: Al-Albani (2003). "1". Irwaul Ghalil [The stability of the Salaf's creed and its safety from changes] (in Arabic). Saudi Arabia: Najla Press. p. 113. Retrieved 9 August 2024.

umma.ws

"Fatwa: What does 'family' mean?". Umma.ws. Archived from the original on 2006-05-01.

uni-halle.de

menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de

Michael Kemper (1998). Sufis and scholars in Tatarstan and Bashkiria, 1789–1889. The Islamic discourse under Russian rule. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. p. 221. doi:10.1353/imp.2011.0085.

wahhabis.com

ul Haq, Asim (August 2011). "Al Imam al-Shawkani (d. 1250H) on the Writings, Da'wah and Adversaries of Shaykh Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Wahhab". 'Wahhabis'.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014.

web.archive.org

ul Haq, Asim (August 2011). "Al Imam al-Shawkani (d. 1250H) on the Writings, Da'wah and Adversaries of Shaykh Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Wahhab". 'Wahhabis'.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014.
"Fatwa: What does 'family' mean?". Umma.ws. Archived from the original on 2006-05-01.

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

Abd an-Nabī al-Ahmadnagarī (2000). Gami al-Ulum fi Istilahat al-Funan, al-Mulaqqab bi-Dustur al-Ulama. Vol. 3. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 95.
Al-Shahrastani (1992). Ahmad Fahmi Muhammad (ed.). al-Milal wa-n-niḥal. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 23.
A. J. Wensinck [in German] (1932). The Muslim Creed. Its Genesis and Historical Development. Cambridge University Press. pp. 717–723.
Josef van Ess [in German] (1991). Theology and Society in the 2nd and 3rd Centuries of the Hijra. A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam. Vol. 1. De Gruyter. p. 50.
Josef van Ess [in German] (1975). The Beginnings of Islamic Theology" in JE Murdoch and ED Sylla: The Cultural Context of Medieval Learning: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Philosophy, Science, and Theology in the Middle Ages. D. Reidel. p. 89.

ar.wikipedia.org

'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir. "دور أبي ذر الهروي في نشر الأشعرية بالمغرب" [The role of Abu Dharr al-Harawi in the spread of Ash'ari theology in Morocco] (in Arabic). Muhammadiya Association of Scholars. Archived from the original on 13 Apr 2023.
Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (Egypt) research team (2015). Artawijaya (ed.). Ensiklopedi Aliran dan Madzhab Di Dunia Islam [Encyclopedia of Schools and Schools of Thought in the Islamic World] (in Indonesian). Translated by Masturi Ilham; M. Abidin Zuhdi; Khalifurrahman Fath. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar; Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (Egypt). p. 664. Retrieved 14 August 2024.

fy.wikipedia.org

Tjitze de Boer [in Western Frisian] (1901). History of Philosophy in Islam. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog. p. 43.

tr.wikipedia.org

İsmail Hakkı İzmirli [in Turkish] (1981). Muhassalu al-Kalam fi al-Hikme (PDF). Istanbul: Evkaf-ı İslamiye Matbaası. p. 181.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Turner 2010, pp. 95–98; Melchert 1996, pp. 325–26; Hinds 1993, pp. 4–5; Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960, p. 271; Ibn Khallikan 1871, p. 70; Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 34: pp. 116-19. Turner, John P. (2010). "The End of the Mihna". Oriens. 38: 89–106. doi:10.1163/187783710X536671. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Melchert, Christopher (1996). "Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir: AH 232-295/AD 847-908". Islamic Law and Society. 3 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1163/1568519962599069. JSTOR 3399413. Hinds, M. (1993). "Mihna". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Zetterstéen, K. V. & Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 271. OCLC 495469456. Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1871). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. I. Trans. Bn. Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
Pellat, Charles (1971). "Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawānī". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 936–937. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3374. OCLC 495469525.
Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas (13 November 2012). "Dalil 'Aqli (Akal) Yang Benar Akan Sesuai Dengan Dalil Naqli/Nash Yang Shahih: Penjelasan Kaidah Keenam Dalil aqli (akal) yang benar akan sesuai dengan dalil Naqli/nash yang shahih" [The correct 'Aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument: Explanation of the Sixth Rule The correct aqli (reason) argument will be in accordance with the authentic Naqli/Nash argument]. Almanhaj. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Chapter 6 of= Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'ah (in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i. 2006. ISBN 978-979-3536-64-4. OCLC 949744119. References from:
- Othman Jum'a ad-Damiriyya (1996). المدخل لدراسات العقيدة الإسلامية على مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة [Introduction to Islamic Doctrine Studies According to the Sunni School of Thought] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). مكتبة السوادي للتوزيع. pp. 40–41, 45–46. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2024.

Kalam (English Wikipedia)

abiubaidah.com

academia.edu

al-islam.org

almanhaj.or.id

almoqtabas.com

alukah.net

archive.org

archive.org

ia803207.us.archive.org

archive.today

arrabita.ma

books.google.com

brillonline.com

booksandjournals.brillonline.com

referenceworks.brillonline.com

ceeol.com

digitale-sammlungen.de

doi.org

eshia.ir

lib.eshia.ir

islamhouse.com

d1.islamhouse.com

jstor.org

kcl.ac.uk

kclpure.kcl.ac.uk

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

marmara.edu.tr

katalog.marmara.edu.tr

muslimphilosophy.com

researchgate.net

scribd.com

shamela.ws

shiabooks.net

springer.com

link.springer.com

staidaf.ac.id

elibrary.staidaf.ac.id

umma.ws

uni-halle.de

menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de

wahhabis.com

web.archive.org

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

ar.wikipedia.org

fy.wikipedia.org

tr.wikipedia.org

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org